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Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Hng hi S 43 08/2015

tp ch khoa hc

cng ngh hng hi

S 43

08/2015

Trong s ny

1 NG DNG CFD PHN TCH LC TC NG LN BNH LI NHM THAY I HNG I TU THY TO UTILISE THE CFD TO ANALYSE FORCES ACTING ON THE SHIP RUDDER IN ORDER TO CHANGE THE SHIPS DIRECTION

PGS.TS. LNG CNG NH PGS.TS. PHM K QUANG

Trng HHH Vit Nam ThS. BI VN CNG

ng y khi doanh nghip Trung ng

5

2 M BO TON HC CHO CN BNG NG R TO CNG T TRN MY CN BNG NG MATHEMATICAL ENSURING FOR THE DYNAMIC BALANCING OF RIGID ROTOR ON THE BALANCED MACHINE

PGS.TSKH. C LU(1), ThS. LI HUY THIN(2) (1)Vin NCPT,(2)Phng HCTH

Trng HHH Vit Nam

8

3 NGHIN CU DAO NG CA MY ROTOR T TRN GI VNG BI KHI THAY I TRNG THI CN BNG V KHNG NG TRC RESEARCH THE VIBRATION OF ROTOR MACHINE THAT IS LAID ON ROLL BEARING IN CASE OF UNBALANCED AND NON SHAFT ALIGNMENT

ThS. TRN TIN ANH Khoa My tu bin, Trng HHH VN

13

4 NGHIN CU XY DNG PHN MM TNH DAO NG XON T DO H TRC DIESEL TU BIN. PART 1. M HNH HA RESEARCHING, BUILDING SOFTWARE FOR FREEDOM TORSIONAL VIBRATIONSOF THE MARINE DIESEL SHAFT-LINE.PART 1. MODELLING

PGS.TSKH. C LU Vin NCPT, Trng HHH Vit Nam

16

5 NGHIN CU XY DNG PHN MM TNH DAO NG XON T DOH TRC DIESEL TU BIN. PART 2. PHN TCH, THIT K PHN MM RESEARCHING, BUILDING THE SOFTWARE FOR FREEDOM TORSIONAL VIBRATIONSOF THE MARINE DIESEL SHAFT-LINE. PART 2. ANALYSIS, DESIGN SOFTWARE


19

6

IU KHIN TI U TON PHNG TUYN TNH CHUYN NG TU THY LINEAR QUADRATIC OPTIMAL SHIP MOTION CONTROL

NCS. NGUYN HU QUYN PGS.TS. TRN ANH DNG; PGS.TS. PHM K QUANG

Trng HHH Vit Nam

23

7 IU KHIN LNG NHIN LIU CUNG CP CHO NG C XNG P DNG PHNG PHP IU KHIN TI U LQR CONTROL OF FUEL SUPPLY FOR GASOLINE ENGINE APPLICATION OPTIMIZATION CONTROL METHOD LQR

NCS. O QUANG KHANH PGS.TS. LU KIM THNH; PGS.TS. TRN ANH DNG

27

8 NG DNG CNG NGH THIT K NGC V CNG NGH CAD/-CAM/CNC LP TRNH GIA CNG KHUN V IN THOI DI NG APPLICATION OF REVERSE ENGINEERING AND CAD/CAM/CNC TECHNOLOGY FOR SETTING MACHINING PROGRAM OF MOBILE PHONE SHELL MOLD

PHM VIT HNG1, NGUYN THNH HUN2, ANH TUN2 1Khoa in in t, Trng HHH Vit Nam

2Trng i hc KTKT Cng nghip

32

ISSN 1859 316X

Tng bin tp:

PGS.TS. L-ng Cng Nh

Ph tng bin tp:

PGS.TS. Nguyn Cnh Sn

Hi ng bin tp:

PGS.TSKH. ng Vn Uy

PGS.TS. inh Xun Mnh

TS. Phm Xun D-ng

TS. L Quc Tin

PGS.TS. Nguyn Hng Phc

TS. Quang Khi

GS.TS. L Vit L-ng

PGS.TS. o Vn Tun

PGS.TS. Nguyn Vit Thnh

TS. Nguyn Tr Minh

PGS.TS. Trn Anh Dng

TS. L Quc nh

PGS.TS. Nguyn Hng Vn

PGS.TS. L Vn im

TS. Hong Vn Hng

PGS.TS. Nguyn i An

PGS.TS. L Vn Hc

PGS.TSKH. c L-u

ThS. L Kim Hon

Th- k hi ng:

TS. ng Cng X-ng

Ta son

P. 207B Nh A1 Tr-ng i hc Hng hI Vit Nam

484 Lch Tray Hi Phng

Email: [email protected]

Giy php xut bn s 1350/GP-BTTTT cp ngy 30/07/2012

mailto:[email protected]


9 NG DNG PHNG PHP TNG NGUN A IM TRONG VIC M PHNG S PHN B CNG TIA UV TRONG L UV APPLICATON OF MULTIPLE POINT SOURCE SUMMATION (MPSS) METHOD IN SIMULATING THE UV RADIATION INTENSITY IN A UV REACTOR

NCS. NGUYN NH THCH; PGS.TS. NGUYN CNH SN; PGS.TS. LU KIM THNH Trng HHH Vit Nam

36

10 THIT K M UN GIM ST V CNH BO TC XE T DESIGNS MONITORING AND SPEED WARNINGS MODULE IN AUTOMOTIVE

TS. O MINH QUN Khoa in in t, Trng HHH Vit Nam

ThS. HONG NH I Cu hc vin Cao hc T ng ha 2012-2014, Trng HHH Vit Nam

41

11 NGHIN CU CM BIN NH SNG DNG TRONG H THNG T NG BM THEO MT TRI A STUDY ON LIGHT SENSORS USED FOR AUTOMATIC SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM

TS. VNG C PHC; TS. O MINH QUN Khoa in- in t, Trng HHH Vit Nam

45

12 THIT K B NGHCH LU BA PHA BA NHNH S DNG MODUL CNG SUT THNG MINH CHUYN DNG PS22A76 DESIGN THE THREE-PHASE THREE-LEG INVERTER BASED ON APPLICATION SPECIFIC INTELLIGENT POWER MODULES PS22A76

ThS. PHM VN TON Khoa in in t, Trng HHH Vit Nam

49

13 IU KHIN NG C KHNG NG B BA PHA ROTOR LNG SC TRONG IU KIN THI GIAN THC REAL-TIME VECTOR CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR

TS. PHM TM THNH Khoa in-in t, Trng HHH Vit Nam

54

14 CNG TC KIM TRA TU BIN TI MT S NC TRONG KHU VC CHU THI BNH DNG PORT STATE CONTROL IN SEVERAL COUNTRIES OF ASIA PACIFIC REGION

TS. L QUC TIN Trng HHH Vit Nam

58

15 CU TRC CA H IU KHIN TI U V VN V H THNG C PHN HI NG DNG TRONG BI TON IU KHIN TU TIP CN THE STRUCTURE OF OPTIMAL CONTROL SYSTEM AND THE PROBLEM OF FEEDBACK THE APPLICATION FOR SHIP CONTROL IN CLOSED APPROACH

TS. NGUYN XUN PHNG, PGS.TS. V NGC BCH Trng H GTVT TP H Ch Minh

63

16 THC TRNG TRIN KHAI CNG TC KIM TRA TU BIN TI VIT NAM IMPLEMENTATION OF PORT STATE CONTROL IN VIETNAM

TS. L QUC TIN Trng HHH Vit Nam

67

17 XY DNG H THNG QUN L, GIM ST TU BIN TRN HI S SYSTEM FOR MANAGEMENT AND SUPERVISION SHIP ON THE DIGITAL MAP ThS. L TR THNH(1), ThS. PHM TRUNG MINH(1), ThS. NG HONG ANH(1),

TS. NGUYN TRNG C(1), ThS. NGUYN THI DNG(2)

(1) Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin, Trng HHH Vit Nam Khoa Hng hi, Trng HHH Vit Nam

72

18 HIN TRNG MI TRNG MT S VNG VEN BIN HI PHNG THE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS IN COASTAL AREAS IN HAI PHONG

TS. L XUN SINH

Vin TN v MT bin, Vin Hm lm KH v CNMT

ThS. NGUYN HI YN B mn K thut Mi trng, Trng HHH Vit Nam

76

19 PHT THI KH NH KNH T T NGP NC VEN BIN TI HI PHNG GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM COASTAL WETLAND IN HAI PHONG

ThS. L VN NAM; TS. L XUN SINH Vin TN v MT Bin,Vin Hm Lm KH&CN Vit Nam

ThS. TRN HU LONG B mn K thut Mi trng, Trng HHH Vit Nam

80

20 NG DNG TH IM CN BNG TRONG VIC TRIN KHAI CHIN LC CHO CNG TY C PHN VN TI BIN VIT NAM APPLICATIONS BALANCE SCORECARD METHOD IN THE DEPLOYMENT STRATERGIES FOR VIETNAM OCEAN SHIPPING JOINT-STOCK COMPANY

TS. MAI KHC THNH Khoa Kinh t, Trng HHH Vit Nam

84


21 XY DNG M HNH H THNG VN TI GO XUT KHU KHU VC NG BNG SNG CU LONG BUILDING UP A MODEL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM OF EXPORTING RICE IN MEKONG DELTA

NCS. NGUYN TH LIN Khoa Kinh t, Trng HHH Vit Nam

88

22 PHN TCH M HNH QUN TR VN BNG TIN TI U TRONG CC DOANH NGHIP VN TI BIN C DOANH THU LN ANALYSIS MODEL OF MANAGEMENT MONEY CAPITAL IN LARGE SHIPPING COMPANIES

TS. TH MAI THM Khoa kinh t, Trng HHH Vit Nam

92

23 NG DNG SIPOC TRONG VIC XY DNG QUY TRNH QUN L TUYN DNG NHN S TI CNG TY VN TI BIN VIT NAM (VOSCO)

APPLICATION SIPOC IN DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE OF RECRUIMENT FOR VOSCO TS. MAI KHC THNH

Khoa Kinh t, Trng HHH Vit Nam

97

24 NGHIN CU TNH TON KT CU CHN SNG DNG HP B TNG CT SI THNH MNG C SN STUDY CALCULATION OF BREAKWATER STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTED BY THIN WALL REINFORCED COMPOSITE CONCRETE BLOCK

TS. TRN LONG GIANG Khoa Cng Trnh, Trng HHH Vit Nam

ThS. HONG GIANG Cng ty C phn Xy dng v T vn u t Hong L

100

25 NGHIN CU NH HNG CA THI GIAN KT TINH LI N TNH NNG CHNG N MN CA THP KHNG G AUSTENIT AISI 304 SAU LASER XUNG KCH EFFECT OF RECRYSTALLIZATION ANNEALING TIME ON THE INTERGRANULAR CORROSION RESISTANCE OF STAINLESS STEEL AISI 304 AFTER LASER SHOCKING

TRN VN NGHA, PHNG TUN ANH Khoa C kh, Hc vin K thut Qun s

103

Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Hng hi S 43 08/2015 5

NG DNG CFD PHN TCH LC TC NG LN BNH LI NHM THAY I HNG I TU THY

TO UTILISE THE CFD TO ANALYSE FORCES ACTING ON THE SHIP RUDDER IN ORDER TO CHANGE THE SHIPS DIRECTION

PGS.TS. LNG CNG NH

PGS.TS. PHM K QUANG Trng i hc Hng hi Vit Nam

ThS. BI VN CNG ng y khi doanh nghip Trung ng

Tm tt Bi bo a ra qui trnh ng dng CFD vo phn tch ng lc hc dng chy sau chn vt tu thy bao quanh bnh li vi cc gc t cnh khc nhau t xc nh c lc b li gip thay i hng i ca tu thy.

Abtract His article presents a process employing CFD in analyzing the flow dynamic behind the ships propeller surrounding the rudder with different actack angles from which determining the steering force to change the direction of the ship.

1. Gii thiu

Lc tc ng ln bnh li thay i hng i ca tu thy c hnh thnh do s chnh p sut gia hai b mt bnh li. N ph thuc vo din tch mt tip xc ca bnh li, gc t cnh (gc quay bnh li) v tc dng chy bao quanh bnh li.

Nh vy khi tu thy a vo hot ng th din tch mt tip xc ca bnh li l c nh, lc ny lc b li ch cn ph thuc vo hai thng s l tc dng chy bao quanh bnh li v gc quay bnh li. Tc dng chy bao quanh bnh li chnh l tc dng sau chn vt v vy n ph thuc vo s vng quay chn vt (ni). Nu gi gc quay bnh li l I th t hp (ni v I) s quyt nh ln ca lc b li. Trong phm vi bi bo tc gi ng dng CFD tnh ton m phng lc b li ny.

2. M hnh nghin cu v thut ton

Trong phm vi nghin cu bi bo ny tc gi s dng phng php phn t bin tnh ton cho bi ton 2D t xc nh c lc tc ng ln bnh li v s dng phn mm Fluent-Ansys tnh ton trc tip cho bi ton 3D [1], [2].

Xt m hnh 2D nh sau:

y ch xt cho cht lng khng nn c, U l vn tc dng vo. Gi V

l vc t vn

tc tng, l th tng v l th xo trn, xc nh theo:

V

=d= U

+d (1)

th tng v th xo trn c quan h vi nhau l:

=(x,y)-in(x,y) (2)

U

n

iu kin

Kutta

Hnh 2. M hnh nghin cu

Hnh 1. M hnh dng chy bao quanh bnh li

Bn

h l

i


vi in(x,y) l th vn tc dng vo v c xc nh nh sau:

in(x,y) = U(xcos+ysin) (3)

Cc iu kin khc:

- iu kin bin ng hc trn b mt cnh: 0

nU

n

(4)

- iu kin Kutta mp ra ca cnh

- tho mn phng trnh Laplace 2=0 (5)

Chia bin dng cnh thnh N+1 on (s c N im) v cht lng l l tng cho nn th

tng trn mi im l nh nhau:

i=hng s. i = (1,N)

i= p+in = hng s vi p l im gc.

vy ti mi on th j = (1,N+1), khi :

N

j

in

N

j

dsn

rdsr

n 11

ln1ln

1

hng s (6)

r: L khong cch t im gc p ti mi phn t ds

t: Bj = dsrln1

(7)

Cj=

dsn

rln1

Thay vo (6) nhn c:

in

N

j

jj

N

j j

j Cn

B11

hng s (8)

chn i = in khi : 011

N

j

jj

N

j j

j Cn

B

(9)

trong phng trnh ny th n

c xc nh nh iu bin ng hc (4), vy n cn xc

nh chnh l N+1 gi tr j nhng ta mi c N phng trnh, phng trnh th N+1 c b sung

nh iu kin Kutta.

(1-N)+w = 0 (10)

w l bc nhy th ti mp ra ca cnh

Gii h N+1 phng trnh ny ta xc nh c cc gi tr j, t y ta s suy ra cc gi tr

cn tm khc nh:

H s p sut: Cp = 1-V2/U2 (11)

H s lc nng: CL = cU

w

cU

2

2

1 (12)

= L/(.U) (13)

Trong : c l chiu di dy cung, l lu s vn tc, L l lc b li (lc nng), l khi

lng ring ca cht lng. Gi S l din tch chu ti ca bnh li, c lc b li c xc nh:

L = 0,5.CL..U.S (14)

j

j


3. Phn tch kt qu

Chng trnh tnh ton c vit bng ngn ng Fortran, tin so snh kt qu vi cc

trng trnh khc ta ly u vo l dy cung c=1; U=1 cho nn khi chy chng trnh ta ch cn

a tp d liu bin dng cnh v gc quay bnh li , u ra ta th hin h s p sut Cp.

Kt qu cho cnh NACA4412 ti = 50 v so snh kt qu vi phng php xoy [2], [3]:

Tnh ton cho cnh NACA 16006 ta c;

Tnh ton cho bnh li 3D bng Fluent-Ansys [4], [5].

Tnh ton PP xoy

Hnh 3. H s p sut cho cnh NACA4412, =50

Hnh 4. H s p sut cho cnh NACA16006, ti =10(hnh a); ti =20(hnh b)


Ta thy trong trng hp tu i thng (=00) p sut hai mt bnh li l i xng, khi =300

th gi tr p sut ny lch nhau kh ln, t ta xc nh c lc tc ng ln bnh li thay

i hng i ca tu.

4. Kt lun

Bi bo a ra c thut ton trn c s phng php phn t bin v s dng Fluent-

Ansys xc nh lc tc ng ln bnh li nhm thay i hng i tu thy.

Trong phn nghin cu sau tc gi s gn trn mt mu tu c th xc nh qu o

chuyn ng ca tu vi t hp s vng quay chn vt v gc quay li khc nhau.

TI LIU THAM KHO [1] Phm Hng Giang. Phng php phn t bin. NXB Khoa hc K thut, H Ni. 2002 [2] V Vn Duy, Nguyn Th Mch, Nguyn Th c. M phng vng xm thc trong dng bao

quanh profil cnh bng phng php phn t bin. Trang 77-84. Tuyn tp Hi C hc ton quc ln th VIII. H Ni, 6-7/12/2007. 2007

[3] Padamanabhan Krishnaswamy. Flow modelling for partially cavitating hydrofoils. PhD thesis, Technical university of Denmark. 2000

[4] Cc bn v lin quan [5] www.Ansys.com

M BO TON HC CHO CN BNG NG R TO CNG T TRN MY CN BNG NG

MATHEMATICAL ENSURING FOR THE DYNAMIC BALANCING OF RIGID ROTOR ON THE BALANCED MACHINE

PGS.TSKH. C LU(1), ThS. LI HUY THIN(2) (1)Vin NCPT,(2)Phng HCTH

Trng HHH Vit Nam Tm tt

Bi bo a ra c s ton hc cho qu trnh cn bng ng r to cng trn c s cn bng trn mt hoc hai mt phng song song kt hp ng thi vi phng php ma trn thc cc h s nh hng v gii tch vc t.Trin khai th nghim s chng minh tnh ng n v kh nng p dng cho xy dng phn mm o, phn tch rung ng v cn bng ng.

Abstract This article presents the mathematical bases for dynamic balancing of the girid rotors, placed on the balanced machine on the based of balanced methods: Balancing on the two parallent planes; Matrix of real influence coeficients and the vector analysis. The results of the example calculations prove the truthfullness of the mathematical bases and the realization to carry out the software for the vibration measurements, analysis and the rotors balancings.

Key words: dynamic balancing, methods for dynamic balancing

Hnh 4. Phn b p sut trn bnh li ti =00v =300

=00

=300

http://www.ansys.com/


1. Gii thiu

xy dng phn mm cn bng ng chng ta cn xy dng c s ton hc tng ng vi phng php cn bng hin i c la chn. C s ton hc cn m bo xuyn sut qu trnh o v thu thp d liu, x l tn hiu o c nhm xc nh lng mt cn bng d thc t ca r to, xc nh khi lng, v tr s cn bng v sau nh gi kim tra r to m bo cn bng tt cha. Tiu chun nh gi mt cn bng d trong qu trnh cn bng r to c s dng l ISO 1940/1, ISO 1940/1:2003 iu chnh nm 2003 ca T chc tiu chun ha quc t (ISO) [4].

Trong cc ti liu chuyn ngnh khng nu c th v c s ton hc, thut ton cn bng ng. Thng tin a ra t cc cng ty, nh ch to thit b cn bng u khng cp n cc vn ny, v b quyt, l s hu tr tu ca ring h. V vy, chng ta cn ch ng nghin cu, pht trin c s ton hc lin quan n o, phn tch rung ng v cn bng ng. Ct li c bn - c s ton hc cho cn bng ng s c cp trong bi bo ny.

Cc hng truyn thng ch to thit b nh Bruel &Kjaer (B&K, an mch), IRD (USA) cng nh cc hng mi pht trin hin nay [2] s dng phng php: Cn bng trn mt/ hai mt phng c s dng tn hiu o pha. Phng php h s nh hng c cp n khi hon ci thit b cn bng cho my cn bng ng IRD Balancing B20, song khng c cp c th [1]. Chung nht, cha c ti liu cng b y c s ton hc cho cn bng ng r to. V vy, vn t ra s c ngha khoa hc cng nh p dng thc tin ti Vit Nam xy dng thit b o, phn tch rung ng v cn bng ng cng nh phc v o to i hc v sau i hc Vit Nam.

2. Quy trnh cn bng ng v c s ton hc, cc thut ton c bn

Quy trnh cn bng ng (CB) r to cng t trn my cn bng c th hin trn bng 1.

Bc (i). Phng php la chn m bo chnh xc, d thc hin v gim bt thi gian cn bng cng nh t ph thuc vo trnh , k nng ca ngi thc hin cn bng.

Bc (ii). o rung ng ti gi , thu c 02 knh tn hiu rung ng v 01 knh - pha. Ph thuc vo thi im ban u, chu k v tn s trch mu, chng ta c th xc nh bin v pha. Bin dao ng qua bin i Furie nhanh (Fast Furie Transformation, FFT) hu nh khng i khi chu k ly mu khng i m ph thuc nhiu vo thi gian bt u trch mu (pha tn hiu). Pha ca dao ng iu ha thay i khi thi im trch mu dch chuyn. V vy, pha c m bo chnh xc nu hai tn hiu rung ng c o ng b vi thi im trch mu t tn hiu pha, v thi im trch mu. Thi im ny ph thuc vo phng php chn sn xung phi hay sn xung tri. Ni chung, chnh xc ca tn hiu (bin , pha) c x l ph thuc vo chnh xc ca cc cm bin (o pha, gia tc rung ng) v phng php FFT.

nng cao chnh xc trong qu trnh o, chng ta cn xy dng thut ton trch mu mt on gm N mu trong mt chu k T, tng ng vi mt vng quay, bt u t mt thi im m cm bin quang xc nh. V d, ti chu k Tk, k=1,2,..., M (M =10-20), ta ly c N mu (N=2n, n=8,9,10,...). Phn mm c lp trnh c th ghi li tng on mu Tk hoc ghi li cc gi tr trung bnh cho M on ri sau x l cc tn hiu trong min thi gian. Thut ton lc trung bnh c th hin: () = ,(), = 1,2

=1 ; = 1,2, , (1)

Bng 1. Th tc cn bng ng r to cng

i. La chn phng php cn bng ng thch hp

ii. o rung ng ti cc gi . Kt qu rung ng o c l tn hiu ng a hi, chu k cha nhiu dao ng thnh phn. Tn hiu thu c ban u cha nhiu.

iii. X l tn hiu rung ng. nh gi mc mt cn bng ca r to cn bng

iv. nh gi mt cn bng d ca r to cn bng theo phng php thch hp ti mc (i)

v. Tin hnh cn bng ng theo kt qu thu c ti bc (iv) gm: (a) - Xy dng phng thc (Add /Remove) cn bng vi khi lng v v tr cn bng; (b) - Cn bng (thc hin iu chnh khi lng ca r to bng cch thm vo hay bt i khi lng cn bng ti v tr tng ng ch ra bn trn); (c) - o v phn tch rung ng ti cc gi tng t nh mc (ii) v (iii)

vi. nh gi mt cn bng d ca r to sau khi cn bng

vii. Ra quyt nh kt thc dng cn bng ng. Nu kt qu mt cn bng d t cho php theo tiu chun th chng ta dng cn bng, chuyn ti bc (viii). Ngc li, vi kt qu tnh mt cn bng d mi thu c ti bc (vi) chng ta quay li bc (v)

viii. Dng cn bng. Lu li kt qu. Bo co kt qu.

ix. Kt thc cn bng ng.


Bc (iii). X l tn hiu rung ng trong min tn s c cc gi tr bin v pha dao

ng ti iu ha tn s c s fcs = nr/60 (Hz), nr - Vn tc quay ca r to (rpm), o c t

phn tch tn hiu (m s xung trong thi gian 1 giy). Bin i Furie c thc hin theo phng

trnh truyn thng vit di dng tch phn cho xc nh cc h s hm sin v cos trong dy Furie

ti tn s c s. Bin v pha ca iu ha c s c tnh theo cc cng thc lng gic

quen thuc.

Trong thc t, chng ta s dng FFT. Phn mm s dng lp trnh LabView c sn m

un FFT v thun tin cho chng ta lp trnh, vi chnh xc cao.

Gi thit s dng thit b o, phn tch rung ng ph hp, chng ta thu c bin v

pha tng ng cho rung ng o c ti tng gi (bng s 2).

Bng 2. S liu o, phn tch dao ng ti cc ln o khi cn bng

STT

Khi lng th Dao ng gi (A) bn tri Dao ng gi (B) bn tri

ln v v tr Bin Pha K hiu Bin Pha K hiu

1 Khng 1,0 1,0 1,0 2,0 2,0 2,0

2 mt,Iti MP I 1,1 1,1 1,1 2,1 21 2,1

3 mt,IIti MP II 1,2 1,2 1,2 2,2 2,2 2,2

Cn bng trn hai mt phng s dng kt qu o 3 ln, cn trn 1 mt phng - dng kt qu

o 2 ln (1 ln chnh bn thn r to v ln th 2 thm khi lng th, v d mt,I ti MP I, bng s 2).

* Xc nh mt cn bng qua hai ln o khi cn bng trn mt mt phng

Cn bng trn mt mt phng ch dng s liu dng 1 v 2 (bng 2). n v o bin ph

thuc vo phng php s dng (thng dng vn tc rung, nn i lng l m/s), cn pha s l

.

Bng phng php gii tch vc t, gi thit A l im gc. Gi thit ng 0 i qua A(0-

Line, c gc ban u 0 ). Dng cc vc t: = 1,0 ( ln v gc l 1,0, 1,0 ); = 1,1.

t: = ; 0 = 1,0; 1 = 1,1. Ta c: = + , hay:1 = 0 + , t :

= 12 + 0

2 210cos (0 1) (2)

- Xac inh goc T = (0 , )

= 1 + ; = 1

2+20

2

21 (3)

- Xac inh goc = (V0 , VT ) l gc cn bng

= - 0 ; = 1800( - 0) (4)

- ln lng mt cn bng ban u: = /. (5)

* Xc nh mt cn bng qua hai ln o khi cn bng trn hai mt phng

Cn bng r to trn hai mt phng theo phng phap h s anh hng

11 10 = 11 ;12 10 = 12

; 21 20 = 21 ; 22 20 = 22

(6)

H s anh hng amn (m - Chi s gi ; n - Chi s mt phng) c xac inh =| |

t: = [11 1221 22

]; = , ta c: [ 10

20] = [

] (7)

: 10 = 10/,; 20 = 20/,.

Gii (6) theo phng php gii tch vc t.

* nh gi mt cn bng qua hai ln o khi cn bng trn mt / hai mt phng


Tin hnh so snh cc kt qu tnh lng mt cn bng d thc t vi mt cn bng d

cho php theo ISO 1940/1:2003.

Uper= 30.G.M / (n) 9.554 G.M/n (8)

: Uper - Mt cn bng d cho php chung r to;G - Loi cht lng cn bng (Grade); n -

Vn tc khai thc nh mc ca r to, rpm; M - Khi lng r to, kg.

Ph thuc vo cu hnh t r to trn hai gi v v tr hai mt phng cn bng, ta c cch

tnh lng mt cn bng d cho php tng ng [3, 4] i vi gi A v B cng nh mt phng

I v II.

Khi MPI nm gn gi A, MPII nm gn gi B [4]: =

, =

; +

=

*Chn cc khi lng th trn cc mt phng cn bng.

Xc nh trng lng th trong cn bng ng sao cho thch hp, nu chn qu nh s

khng nhn bit c s thay i dao ng v khng xc nh c cc tham s cn thit, cn

nu qu ln s gy dao ng qu mnh c th lm h hng my [2].

Bc (v).Ra quyt nh cn bng da vo kt qu gii phng trnh (7) i ci cn bng

trn hai mt phng, t kt qu (4) v (5) i vi cn bng trn mt mt phng.

Bc (vi). nh gi mt cn bng d ca r to sau khi cn bng.

Thc t sau khi cn bng vn cn sai s. Mc mt cn bng cn nh gi qua ln o th

4 v dao ng: (3, 3). Khi lng mt cn bng d sau khi cn bng s c xc nh:

=

(9)

Tc gi tnh nghim cho v d cn bng trn mt mt phng m hng B&K a ra [2,5].

Trong [2], trin khai tnh nghim trn Excel i vi c s d liu thc t thu c trong qu trnh

cn bng ng trn my cn bng IRD Balancing B20 thuc Vin Nghin cu Pht trin.

V d: Cn bng r to co khi lng M =160 kg. Vong quay khai thac nkt =18000 v/pht; Vi

tri cn bng tai mt phng I va II co ban kinh cach tm truc quay: R1 = 115 mm; R2 = 165 mm.

Cn bng c tin hanh vong quay n 707 rpm cho c 3 ln o (bng 3).

Bng 3. S liu o dao ng trong cn bng r to ti TTNCHLTT-VNCPT

Khi lng th Gi A Gi B Ghi

ch KL, gam MP Bin Pha K hiu Bin Pha K hiu

Khng 2.30 286.20 10 2.0 268.2 20

49 I 83.20 201.10 11 4.01 276.88 21

49 II 21.49 93.10 12 103.74 93.21 22

a. Tnh lng mt cn bng d cho php

Ap dung G=2.5: = 212.3 g.mm;

Ap dung G=6.3: = 535 g.mm.

Tinh mt cn bng d cho phep tai hai mt phng:

Theo tiu chun ISO 1940: 2003, mt cn bng d cho phep tai hai mt phng I va II tng

ng bng vi mt cn bng d cho phep tng ng tai hai gi A va B.Ta gia thit rng trong tm

(CG - Center of Gravity) cua r to chinh la im gia cua phn r to bao bi hai mt phng cn

bng.

T o, ta tinh c : () =

() = 116.9;

() =

()= 95.4; (g.mm).

b. Xc nh lng mt cn bng d [2]

T s liu u vo (bng 3), tnh trn Excel, chng ta thu c kt qu:


10 = (1.11; 69.7); 20 = (0.901; 267.8

).

Trong hai mt phng cn bng I v II, v tr khi lng th c xc nh so vi 0Line, theo

kt qu [2]: T(I)

= 202.70; T(II)

= 93.30.

c. nh gi mt cn bng r to

Tnh lng mt cn bng d ti hai mt phng I v II tng ng:

(10; 1) = (1.11 ; 115 ) () = 127.9 . >

() = 116.9;

(20; 2) = (0.901 ; 165 ) () = 148.7 . >

() = 95.4;

v cn tin hnh cn bng r to.

d. Cn bng r to: Hnh (1) v (2). Vi kt qu ti mc b. chng ta xc nh c phng n

cn bng thm khi lng (Add) hoc mi bt (Remove) ti cc gc tng ng cho cc mt

phng I v II so vi cc v tr t khi lng th.

3. Phn tch kt qu

C s ton hc dng cn bng ng c xy dng cho cn bng trn mt mt phng v hai mt phng trn c s gii tch vc t v phng php ma trn cc h s nh hng.

Cn ch v tr cn bng theo phng php t thm hay ly bt i khi lng mt cn bng tng ng, chng lch nhau 180o.

Xy dng c s ton hc p dng cho cn bng ng trn MCB ch ng cho c h tuyn tnh, v p dng c nguyn l xp chng.

4. Kt lun

C s ton hc p ng cho phng php cn bng ng hin i vi chnh xc cao, song ch p dng c i vi c h tuyn tnh (cn bng ti hin trng cng nh ti xng). C s ton hc c xy dng c th lp trnh trn cc phn mm ng dng (v d LabView) xy dng thit b o, phn tch rung ng, cn bng ng v o to i hc, sau i hc ti Vit Nam.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] i hc Hng hi Vit Nam.Ti liu hng dn cn bng ng r to IRD Balancing B20 ca

hng sau khi sa cha, nng cp. 2013

[2] c Lu. Xy dng c s ton hc v truyn tin cho cn bng ng r to cng. Thuyt

minh ti NCKH cp c s. HHHVN. Thng 6/2015. 2015

[3] ISO 1940/1. Balance Quanlity requirements of Rigid Rotors. Tai liu cua hang IRD (USA).

[4] www.OpenGost.ru ISO 1940-1: 2003. Mechanical vibration - Balance quality requirements for

rotors in a constant (rigid) state - Part 1: Specification and verification of balance tolerances.

Truy cp 19/05/2015.

[5] www.scribd.com/doc/117369194/Bruel-Kjaer-Static-and-Dynamic-Balacing-of-Rigid-

Rotor#scribd. Bruel &Kjaer. Application notes. Statistic and Dynamic Balancing of Rigid Rotors.

Truy cp 08/03/2015.

http://www.opengost.ru/http://www.scribd.com/doc/117369194/Bruel-Kjaer-Static-and-Dynamic-Balacing-of-Rigid-Rotor#scribdhttp://www.scribd.com/doc/117369194/Bruel-Kjaer-Static-and-Dynamic-Balacing-of-Rigid-Rotor#scribd


NGHIN CU DAO NG CA MY ROTOR T TRN GI VNG BI KHI THAY I TRNG THI CN BNG V KHNG NG TRC

RESEARCH THE VIBRATION OF ROTOR MACHINE THAT IS LAID ON ROLL BEARING IN CASE OF UNBALANCED AND NON SHAFT - ALIGNMENT

ThS. TRN TIN ANH Khoa My tu bin, Trng HHH VN

Tm tt Dao ng l mt hin tng vt l lun ng hnh vi cc my mc c kh, trong c thit b quay kiu rotor (ng c in - Bm) khi chng thc hin chc nng ca mnh. Tc gi s dng phn cng ca hng NI kt hp vi phn mm LabView o dao ng ca my rotor t ti Trung tm nghin cu h ng lc tu thy, Trng i hc Hng Hi Vit Nam khi thay i trng thi cn bng v khng ng trc t nh gi trng thi k thut hin ti ca my rotor bng phn tch dao ng.

Abstract Vibration is a physics phenomenon of machines including rotor machines (Electric motor - Pump) when they carry out their previous function. Author used NI hardware and LabView software to measure vibration the rotor machine that is equipped in the Marine propulsion plant researching center - VMU in case of un-balanced and non shaft alignment. The result is used to assess the technical condition of the machine.

1. t vn

Dao ng l mt hin tng vt l, nh hng khng tt ti cht lng lm vic, tui th v bn cc chi tit. Trong thit k, ch to, tnh ton dao ng a ra sn phm c mc dao ng, rung ng nh hn mc cho php. Tuy nhin trong khai thc do trng thi k thut ca chi tit, cm chi tit chnh xc b thay i, khe h lp rp tng ln, iu lm cho mc rung ng, dao ng tng ln. Dn n vic o, kim tra mc dao ng trong qu trnh khai thc c ngha quan trng gim st, kim sot v iu chnh mc dao ng nm trong gii hn.

2. Gim st, chn on dao ng my rotor

nh gi cht lng sn phm mt my rotor ni chung vi mc ch tr li cu hi my c cht lng tt, lm vic tt th chng ta cn gim st v chn on my trc tin v phng din tng th. Theo tiu chun nh gi, mc dao ng cn nm trong vng cho php. Gii hn ca my rotor nm trong 3 mc dao ng khc nhau: Mc dao ng thp (mc 1); mc dao ng cao (mc 2) v mc dao ng cao nguy him (mc 3).

Hnh 1. S nguyn l thit b gim st dao ng

Theo h s k thut ca thit b o, gim st dao ng, chng ta bit c thit b c kh nng o dng dao ng no (gia tc, vn tc hay chuyn v), s lng knh, s lng mu v tc ly mu, nhy, di tn o ca tn hiu, cc kh nng phn tch v x l tn hiu,... Hn na, thit b c kh nng lu tr d liu hay khng, c b nh lu d liu vi dung lng ln hay nh ngi s dng c k hoch nh k o c v lu tr thng tin. Thit b gim st, chn on dao ng my rotor c th l h thng tnh (lp t trc tip trn my rotor bng my PC cng nghip) hoc PC di ng (Laptop hoc Desk PC). S nguyn l mt h thng o, gim st dao ng cho my rotor c th hin trn hnh 1:

H thng gim st dao ng gm khi u o (SENSORS, c th thm c thit b xut bo thng tin), khi thu thp d liu (DAQ) v khi x l thng tin, hin th thng tin ti B x l trung tm (CPU). T s nguyn l xy dng chng trnh o dao ng ca my rotor, tc gi s dng h thng o kim v phn tch dao ng bng ng dng cng ngh mi ca hng National Instruments v phn mm LabView. H thng o c ch trn hnh di y:


Phn mm nn c xy dng trn phn mm lp trnh bng ha LabView. B u o c kt ni vi b gp NI - DAQ 9234 v ti CPU qua chun USB. LabView t ng nhn dng v ci t cu hnh h thng o.

Tn hiu o a ti CPU v c x l trong LabView vi modun x l c trng v dao ng v m thanh.

3. Thut ton gii quyt qu trnh gim st dao ng

S thut ton qu trnh gim st dao ng c th hin trn hnh 3.

4. Thc nghim

H thng o bao gm: 02 u o gia tc, kt ni vi b gp NI- DAQ 9234 ca hng National Instruments qua cng USB cm vo my tnh bn hoc Laptop.

Cc u cm bin sau khi kt ni t ng nhn dng cu hnh qua b gp DAQ - Assistant. Sau khi nhn dng thit b ngoi vi, chng ta c h thng o sn sng hot ng. Tn hiu o c qua bin i nhanh FFT (Fast Furier Transform) tng knh thu c phn tch ph tn. Tn hiu cng c th qua phn tch thng k thu c cc thng s dao ng trong min thi gian.

Thng s k thut ca my rotor (ng c-bm) khi tin hnh th nghim xc nh mc dao ng th hin ti bng 1:

Bng 1. Thng s k thut ca my rotor c tin hnh th nghim

Stt Thng s k thut Gi tr, c im n v o

ng c in

1 ng c in 3 pha, k hiu: M30855, hng TOSHIBA

ng c in 3 pha, Serial Number: 41214643

2 in p s dng 200 - 240 Vn

3 Dng in 3,7 - 3,4 - 3,3 Ampe

4 Vng quay 1410 - 1700 - 1720 Vng/pht

5 Cng sut 0,75 Kilowatt

Bm

1 Loi bm Bm bnh rng n khp ngoi

2 T s truyn 1

3 Loi gi u trc Vng bi

Hnh 3. S thut ton qu trnh gim st dao ng

Hnh 2. H thng o, gim st dao ng trn c s cng ngh National Instruments v LabView


Kt qu th nghim c ghi li khi tc gi thc hin v lp bng tn hiu o dao ng di dng s sau (bng 2, 3).

Trn bng tng hp s liu o v phn tch ph tn dao ng, chng ta d dng phn bit mc dao ng gia tc ti cc tn s f (Hz) - Tng ng vng quay trc rotor v 2f (tn s iu ha bc 2). Trong cc ln th nghim, tn s f c gi hu nh khng i (tn s do ng c in 3 pha sinh ra).

Bng 2. nh hng lng mt cn bng n dao ng gia tc (m/s2) (Th nghim c tin hnh vi iu kin thit b c ng trc tt)

- Ti pha ng c in

V tr o F, Hz Cn bng tt MCB, 4 gam(1) MCB, 4 gam(2) MCB, 15.5 gam(1)

C, (V)

ng

f 0,15 0,25 0,2 0,3

2f 0,15 0,2 0,2 0,15

C,(H)

Ngang

f 0,2 0,26 0,25 0,3

2f 0,15 0,2 0,15 0,2

C, (A)

Dc

f 0,1 0,15 0,12 0,2

2f 0,05 0,1 0,05 0,1

- Ti pha bm bnh rng

V tr o F, Hz Cn bng tt MCB, 4 gam(1) MCB, 4 gam(2) MCB, 15.5 gam(1)

B, (V)

ng

f 0,3 0,35 0,31 0,45

2f 0,15 0,2 0,2 0,25

B, (H)

Ngang

f 0,2 0,25 0,22 0,3

2f 0,05 0,1 0,1 0,15

B, (A)

Dc

f 0,05 0,1 0,07 0,15

2f 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,1

Nhn xt: Mc dao ng do mt cn bng thay i (gi nguyn vng quay) thay i r rng, d nhn bit theo tn s f (Hz) ti cc v tr o theo phng ng, phng ngang v phng dc c hai pha (ng c, bm) thng qua gi tr bng s liu bng trn. Khi mt cn bng, dao ng gia tc o c thay i theo dng iu ha bc nht.

Bng 3. nh hng s khng ng trc n dao ng gia tc (m/s2) (Th nghim c tin hnh trong iu kin thit b c cn bng tt)

- Ti pha ng c in

V tr o F, Hz Khng ng trc ng trc tt

C, (V)

ng

f 0,3 0,2

2f 0,15 0,1

C, (H)

Ngang

f 0,3 0,15

2f 0,2 0,05

C, (A)

Dc

f 0,2 0,1

2f 0,1 0,05

- Ti pha bm bnh rng

V tr o F, Hz Khng ng trc ng trc tt

B, (V)

ng

f 0,45 0,2

2f 0,25 0,05

B, (H)

Ngang

f 0,3 0,2

2f 0,15 0,05

B, (A)

Dc

f 0,15 0,1

2f 0,1 0,05


Nhn xt: Mc dao ng do khng ng trc thay i (gi nguyn vng quay) thay i r rng, d nhn bit theo tn s 2f (Hz) ) ti cc v tr o theo phng ng, phng ngang v phng dc c hai pha (ng c, bm) thng qua gi tr bng s liu bng trn. Khi khng ng trc gia t hp rotor, dao ng gia tc o c thay i theo dng iu ha bc hai.

5. Kt lun

Bi bo a ra c c s l thuyt o lng v gim st my rotor bng vic ng dng cng ngh mi do hng National Instruments cung cp, kt hp vi phn mm LabView lm nn tng thu c s liu o trn m hnh s tn hiu dao ng ti cc di tn s f, 2f, 3f,Kt hp vi thc nghim thc t t nh gi tnh trng hin ti ca thit b (my rotor) bng dao ng.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. c Lu, ng lc hc v chn on k thut bng dao ng Diesel tu thy, NXB Giao thng vn ti, H Ni. 2009

[2]. Trn Tin Anh, c Lu, Nguyn Hu Dng, ng dng cng ngh LabView - NI trong gim st dao ng my rotor tu thy, ti nghin cu khoa hc cp trng 6/2014, Trng H Hng Hi, Hi Phng.

[3]. Chris K Mechefske, Machine condition monitoring and fault diagnostics, Machanical Engineering - Queens University, United Kingdom. 2010

NGHIN CU XY DNG PHN MM TNH DAO NG XON T DO H TRC DIESEL TU BIN. PART 1. M HNH HA

RESEARCHING, BUILDING SOFTWARE FOR FREEDOM TORSIONAL VIBRATIONSOF THE MARINE DIESEL SHAFT-LINE.PART 1. MODELLING

PGS.TSKH. C LU

Vin NCPT, Trng HHH Vit Nam Tm tt

Bi bo a ra m hnh chung tnh dao ng xon t do c h diesel tu bin theo yu cu QCVN 21:2010. M hnh ton c xt chung cho h trc diesel lai chn vt bin bc: ng c diesel my chnh lai hoc ngt lai bm cu ha u trc cng nh lai my pht in ng trc; trng hp c s c tho ri nhm piston chuyn ng cng nh khi ng c hot ng bnh thng; c h b qua cn xon cng nh c xt n cn xon.

Abstract This article presents the modelling to calculate the Freedom Torsional Vibrations (FTVs) of the marine diesel shaft-line according to the Rules and Regulations for the classification and construction of the steel going ship of the Vietnam Register (2010, QCVN 21: 2010/ BGTVT). The universal model to calculateFTVs of the marine diesel shaft-line in different cases according to the changing of shaft-line construction and the working regimes of the power system: engaged and disengagedcontrolablepitch propeller, or Fi-Fi pump,or co-shaft generator; zero / full pitchof theengagedcontrolable pitch propeller; without and with tortional damping coefficients.

Key words: Freedom Torsional Vibrations; Freedom Torsional Vibration Calculation

1. Gii thiu

xy dng phn mm tnh FTVs cho c h cn thc hin 4 m-dun c bn: M hnh ha c h; phn tch thit k h thng; xy dng phn mm; hiu chnh v th nghim [6]. Nhim v c bn u tin cn tin hnh m hnh ha h trc bng m hnh ton hc vit cho c h.

Theo quan im chung, tnh FTVs thng khng xt n cn ca cc thnh phn trong h, v gi thit tnh cht cn ca c h khng nh hng nhiu n tn s ring ca h. Cc cng ty nc ngoi nh DNV GL Maritime Advisory (2014) [4], MAN B&W Vibration Analysis(2005)[5] cng u b qua cn khi tnh FTVs. Tuy nhin, trong cc nghin cu ca tc gi [1,2] ch ra nh hng ca cn lm thay i gi tr cc tn s ring ca c h, c bit trong trng hp mt xy lanh khng chy. Mc nh hng ph thuc vo ln ca cc h s cn. iu ng tic cha c cc cng trnh khoa hc nh gi chnh xc h s cn ca cc thnh phn chnh trong c


h (cc xi lanh ng c, chn vt, hp s,). Thc nghim a ra mt s cng thc tnh h s cn song s khc bit trong cc kt qu tnh khc nhau kh ln. Chnh v l , phc v cho nghin cu pht trin sau ny, phn mm tnh FTVs cn c th tnh FTVs c cn cng nh khng c cn.

Chng ta cha xy dng c phn mm cng nghip tnh FTVs. Khi nghin cu c th s dng MATLAB, ANSYS cho mt bi ton, cho mt h trc c th t ra. Khi t bi ton xy dng phn mm chuyn tnh FTVs mang tnh cng nghip, m hnh ton -c tng qut cn cha cc m hnh c th c th trong iu kin bin nht nh. Bi bo s nghin cu v xut m hnh tng qut.

2. M hnh h trc diesel tu bin

2.1. M hnh ng hc h trc diesel my chnh lai chn vt (m hnh thng)

Trng hp thng gp l diesel my chnh (Main Engine, ME) lai chn vt v truyn m men lc qua cc on trc trung gian, trc chn vt ti chn vt. Khi ME l ng c thp tc, ng trc khng dng hp s, cn khi ME - trung tc hoc cao tc, gia ME v chn vt dng hp s vi t s truyn thch hp. Ly hp dng ng ngt ng c vi trc trung gian - trc chn vt v chn vt. ME c bnh vi m men qun tnh khi tng (MMQTKL) rt ln. i khi ng c trung, cao tc c dng bnh pha u trc v cui trc. ME c th dng lai bm cu ha (FiFi-pump) pha u trc, hnh 1 [4].

ng c diesel c m hnh qua z xy lanh, tng ng vi z MMQTKL, kt hp vi bnh .

Ta k hiu JE = [ JE(1),JE(2), , JE(z) JB] v gia cc MMQTKL ny c lin kt n hi cng vi h s cng xon CE = [ CE(1),CE(2), , CE(z)]. Trc trung gian c m hnh ha thnh mt s khi lng tp trung vi MMQTKL JInt.Shaft(1), JInt.Shaft(2), cn trc chn vt v chn vt c m hnh ha thnh mt khi lng tp trung ti chn vt vi MMQTKL JCV. Gia cc khi lng tp trung l m hnh lin kt n hi xon vi h s cng xon tng ng. i lng MMQTKL c n v o kg.m2, cn h s cng xon - Nm/rad.

V d: H trc tri diesel ME lai chn vt MV Bnh An Valiant. H ng lc chnh tu gm 02 h trc (tri v phi) ging nhau, dng ME hng Caterpillar, loi 3516 C, hnh ch V vi 16 xy lanh, cng sut nh mc 1545 kW ti vng quay nm = 1600 vg/ph; hp s hng Rolls-Royce Marine AS, dng 480 AGHC, t s truyn 6,05; Khp ni mm (KNM) do hng Vulkan Couplings ch to, dng Vulkardan E 6011-4110 SAE 21; chn vt: Hng Rolls-Royce Marine AS, dng 55A1/4E, ng knh 2.150 mm. S khc bit duy nht l h trc tri c lai bm cu ha khi cn thit, do hng Nanjing Shun Shing ch to, dng SSCXB300-250 vi cng sut nh mc 800 kW ti nm = 1600 vg/ph. Trong tnh FTVs h trc ny, DNV GL Maritime Advisory m hnh ha c h trong cc trng hp khc nhau v c kt qu u vo cho m un tnh tn s v dng dao ng t do (hnh 1) [4].

Hnh 1. M hnh ng hc tnh FTVs h trc diesel ME lai chn vt (m hnh thng)


2.2. M hnh ng hc h trc diesel ME - chn vt v my pht (m hnh r nhnh)

Trng hp diesel ME ng thi lai chn vt v my pht ng trc. Truyn m men lc qua cc on trc trung gian, trc chn vt ti chn vt, ng thi qua on trc (r nhnh ti my pht in, MP). Khi ME hot ng tng i n nh, qua hp s vi t s truyn thch hp dn ng ti my pht in ng trc. M hnh r nhnh tnh FTVs c th hin trn hnh 2.

V d: H trc chnh diesel ME lai chn vt v my pht in ng trc MV Rng Bay (Flying Dragon) trc y thuc Cng ty VTB ng Long (Trng HHH).

2.3. M hnh tnh FTVs h trc diesel ME - chn vt

T vic ri rc ha h trc chnh (tri) ca MV Binh An Valiant tc gi nhn thy y l m hnh tnh FTVs c trng cho cc trng hp c dng thng, khng r nhnh. Trn hnh 1: a) ME -CV ch ton ti chn vt hoc bc 0 (khng ti), ngt lai bm cu ha gm 22 MMQTKL (tr MMQTKL bm cu ha, m hnh khng c s 13); trng hp b) - 23 MMQTKL khi h trc: FiFi Pump - ME -CV; v c) - 18 MMQTKL khi h trc ngt chn vt, ch c FiFi Pump - ME.

Trng hp r nhnh khi ME ng thi lai chn vt v MP ng trc (hnh 2, a), cn khi ME khng lai MP, m hnh thu c l m hnh thng.

Khi mc thm MMQTKL ca MP, cc ma trn MMQTKL v h s cng xon cng nh h s cn xon s tng thm kch thc, cn v phng din ton hc khng c g thay i ln.

M hnh ton hc chung nht c vit di dng ma trn, h (1) khng cn v (2) c cn [2]:

0CJ . (1)

0CBJ . (2)

: )J,...,J,diag(J n21J - Ma trn ng cho MMQTKL h trc;

1 2 ndiag(B ,B ,...,B )B - Ma trn ng cho h s cn xon (HSCX) tuyn tnh;

C - Ma trn h s cng chng xon (HSCCX) tuyn tnh;

1 2 n

T[ , , ... , ] - Vc t trng thi dao ng xon.

M hnh (1) hoc (2) l dng chung cho tt c cc trng hp m hnh thng v s tr thnh m hnh c th cho mt h trc nht nh vi iu kin bin (iu khin) sau:

K = [K0, K1, K2, K3, K4] (3)

: K0 - iu khin trng thi c h r nhnh hay khng r nhnh;

K1 - iu khin trng thi u trc ca ME (ng/ ngt FiFi pump);

K2 - iu khin trng thi lai chn vt (ng/ ngt ly hp lai chn vt);

K3 - iu khin trng thi s c ca xy lanh ME (phi tho cm chi tit chuyn ng);

K4 - iu khin trng thi chung ca phng trnh tnh FTV (khng cn/ c cn).

Dng m hnh (1) c dng tnh FTVs cho cc h trc chnh lai chn vt theo phng php truyn thng khng tnh n cn xon, v d tnh FTVs cho MV. N.Vapsarov (Bungari), MV. HaTien, MV. Vinashinsky, MV.BinhAn Valiant, [1, 2, 4, 5]. Dng m hnh (2) c tc gi nghin

Hnh 2. M hnh ng hc tnh FTVs h trc diesel ME lai chn vt (m hnh r nhnh)


cu xy dng chng trnh tnh cho trng hp c cn vi mc tiu nghin cu pht trin. Khi B=0, ta s thu c m hnh (1) t m hnh (2).

3. Phn tch kt qu

M hnh ton c thu c (1), (2) (3) c xy dng c dng chung cho hu ht cc trng hp ta cn tnh FTVs h trc ME diesel lai chn vt tu bin hin i. M hnh vit di dng ma trn, gn v bao trm cc trng hp c th qua iu kin bin, c la chn (iu khin) bi vc t iu khin K. Khi lp trnh m phng trn phn mm chuyn dng sau ny, chng ta s khai bo cc iu kin bin v s dng phn chung ca chng trnh tnh tn s ring v dng FTVs tng ng vi tng tn s ring.

K4 - iu khin trng thi chung ca phng trnh tnh FTV (khng cn/ c cn) dng nghin cu pht trin FTVs chuyn su. K3 - iu khin trng thi s c ca xy lanh ME khi tho ri cm chi tit chuyn ng. y s l hng hon thin v cng l nghin cu pht trin chuyn su. K0 - iu khin trng thi c h r nhnh hay khng r nhnh, K1 - iu khin trng thi u trc ca ME (ng/ ngt FiFi pump) cng nh K2 - iu khin trng thi lai chn vt (ng/ ngt ly hp lai chn vt) l nhng iu khin c bn cho cu hnh theo yu cu khai thc h trc, c ch ra trong QCVN 21:2010 / BGTVT.

4. Kt lun

M hnh thu c (PT. 1, 2, 3) tnh FTVs cng nh sau ny tnh dao ng xon cng bc c xy dng c th dng trin khai phn tch thit k h thng lp trnh trn cc phn mm ng dng s t c mc ch nh hng xy dng phn mm mang tnh cng nghip ti Vit Nam tnh dao ng xon h trc theo QCVN 21:2010. M hnh ton - c cho tnh FTVs c tc gi xy dng p ng yu cu c bn ca ng kim. Ngoi ra, m hnh th hin s hon thin v mang tnh hin i cho nghin cu pht trin sau ny.

Kt qu ca nghin cu c tc gi trin khai xy dng phn mm trong LabView v phc v cho mt phn ni dung ca ti c lp cp Quc gia, 2015 do Trng HHHVN ch tr (Phn sau s tip tc v phn tch thit k h thng phn mm tnh FTVs trn LabView).

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] c Lu. Chn on diesel tu bin bng dao ng xon ng trc. Lun n TSKH. Hc vin Hng hi mang tn c Hi qun Macarov, TP.Xanh-Petecbua, LBN. 2006

[2] c Lu.Tnh dao ng xon t do h trc diesel tu thy khi treo nhm piston - bin trong xi lanh s c. Tp ch KHCNHH, s 39 -08/2014.

[3] Quy chun quc gia. QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT. Quy phm phn cp v ng tu bin v thp.

Phn 3, H thng my tu. Chng 8. Dao ng xon h trc.

[4] DNV GL Maritime Advisory. Torsional Vibration Calculation Roll -Royce AB. Report No. 2014 -

0429, Rev.1. Date 2014 -07-03 (For the main propulsion on Vinashin Saigon Shipmarin H/N BA

27, on the M/V BinhAn Valiant). 2014

[5] MAN B&W Vibration Analysis. Torsional Vibration Calculation. BachDang Shipyard T209/HT30.

03 Jun 2005. (For the main propulsion on M/V Vinashinsky 1500000T). 2005

[6] Lng Cng Nh, c Lu.Thuyt minh ti c lp cp Quc gia nm 2015 Nghin

cu, xy dng m phng h ng lc chnh v trm pht in cho tu bin ch hng tng hp.

M s TLCN: 14/15 do Trng HHHVN ch tr. 2015

NGHIN CU XY DNG PHN MM TNH DAO NG XON T DO H TRC DIESEL TU BIN. PART 2. PHN TCH, THIT K PHN MM RESEARCHING, BUILDING THE SOFTWARE FOR FREEDOM TORSIONAL

VIBRATIONSOF THE MARINE DIESEL SHAFT-LINE. PART 2. ANALYSIS, DESIGN SOFTWARE


Tm tt Bi bo phn tch, thit k m un phn mm tnh dao ng xon t do cho h trc diesel tu bin theo yu cu QCVN 21:2010: Cc m hnh t chc dng thng tin cho bc nhp cc thng s ng hc c bn; B iu khin K cho thit lp cu hnh h trc


trong khai thc theo yu cu ca QCVN 21:2010; Dng thng tin cho VI tnh ma trn cc h s ca phng trnh c bn tnh FTVs cng nh VI ttnh FTVs; M hnh xut d liu bo co ng kim.

Abstract This article presents the anlalysis to desgn the sub-software calculation of the Freedom Torsional Vibrations (FTVs) of the marine diesel shaft-line according to the Rules and Regulations for the classification and construction of the steel going ship of the Vietnam Register (2010, QCVN 21: 2010/ BGTVT). This work presents: The models for organized information flows of the inputing the necessary dynamic parameters; The Control Block K for configurating the shaft-line according to the QCVN 21:2010/ BGTVT; The information flows for sub-VI to calculate the matrix coefficients in the FTVs equations and the FTVs sub-VI calculation; The output modeles to report the FTV calculations to the Register.

Key words: Freedom Torsional Vibrations; Freedom Torsional Vibration Calculation.

1. Gii thiu

xy dng phn mm tnh dao ng xon t do (Freedom Torsional Vibrations, FTVs) cho c h cn thc hin 4 m-dun c bn: M hnh ha c h; phn tch thit k h thng; xy dng phn mm; hiu chnh v th nghim [4]. Nhim v th hai l phn tch thit k phn mm trn c s m hnh ton hc v cc yu cu c bn ca QCVN 21:2010/ BGTVT cng nh c im ca h trc.

Yu cu c bn trong tnh FTVs h trc diesel my chnh (main Engine, ME) lai chn vt (CV) v my pht in (MP) c vn dng t QCVN 21:2010/ BGTVT cng nh Quy Phm v phn cp v ng tu bin v thp ca mt s ng kim ln trn th gii nh NK (Nht Bn), Lloyd (Anh, c,), Bureau Veritas, Nga. Tnh FTVs vi mc ch xc nh tn s t do (cc tn

s bc thp u tin: 1, 2, 3, 4 v vc t dng (phn b bin bin dng) ca cc dao ng t do tng ng vi cc tn s u tin ny.

Phn mm tnh FTVs cn p ng yu cu c bn u vo v u ra, p ng vi tt c cu hnh khc nhau ca h thng: (a) h ng lc tng ng cho m hnh ha h trc gm m men qun tnh khi lng (MMQTKL), h s cng xon ca tt c cc thnh phn trong h; ng knh trong, ngoi v vt liu ch to trc (b) tn s ring (natural or freedom frequencies) gm bng kt qu tnh cc tn s ring; bng cc vc t dng tng ng vi 3 hoc 4 tn s ring ban u.

Trong nghin cu, tnh FTVs, c th dng l MATLAB hoc ANSYS vi tng c h c th. Cc thng s m hnh tng ng c th thu c qua cc chng trnh con tnh. Kt qu u ra c th vit di dng bng hoc th [1, 2, 6, 7].Ta xy dng mt h thng tng th tnh dao ng xon trn LabView di dng cc phn mm con (sub-Virtual Instrument, subVI), trong subVI tnh FTVs thc hin mt ni dung thuc ti cp Quc gia xy dng m phng h ng lc tu thy [4].

phn mm cng nghip xy dng lin thng v pht trin sau ny, chng ta cn phn tch, thit k cu trc phn mm sao t c cc yu cu: k thut, thm m cng nghip, tnh tin ch trong s dng cho tnh ton theo yu cu QCVN 21:2010/ BGTVT cng nh trong nghin cu chuyn su sau ny. Cc phn mm trong nc cha c xy dng cho mc tiu t ra.

Ni dung bi bo s cp n phn tch, thit k cu hnh nhp d liu u vo, lin kt dng thng tin cho cc VI tnh ton, xy dng dng thng tin kt qu x l trong tnh FTVs bo co kt qu, lu tr d liu v in n khi cn thit.

2. Thut ton v phn tch thit k VI tnh FTVs

2.1. Thut ton tnh FTVs

Thut ton c xy dng trn c s m hnh ton c vit di dng ma trn, h (1) khng cn v (2) c cn [2, 3]:

0CJ (1)

0CBJ (2)

: )J,...,J,diag(J n21J - Ma trn ng cho MMQTKL h trc;

)B,...,B,diag(B n21B - Ma trn ng cho h s cn xon (HSCX) tuyn tnh;


C - Ma trn h s cng chng xon (HSCCX) tuyn tnh;

1 2 n

T[ , , ... , ] - Vc t trng thi dao ng xon.

M hnh (1) hoc (2) l dng chung v s tr thnh m hnh c th cho mt h trc nht nh vi iu kin bin (iu khin) sau:

K = [K0, K1, K2, K3, K4] (3)

: K0 - iu khin trng thi c h r nhnh hay khng r nhnh;

K1 - iu khin trng thi u trc ca ME;

K2 - iu khin trng thi lai chn vt;

K3 - iu khin trng thi s c ca xy lanh ME (phi tho cm chi tit chuyn ng);

K4 - iu khin trng thi chung ca phng trnh tnh FTV (khng cn/ c cn).

Thut ton chnh - trn hnh 2.1.

Bc 2. Nhp cc thng s ng hc c bn ca c h. y l chng trnh con tnh:

MMQTKL ca cc thnh phn cu to nn c h; H s cng xon cc on trc; H s cn ngoi

ti cc khi lng v h s cn trong (tng i) gia cc khi lng tham gia xon tng i.

Cc thng s ng hc c bn ca c h c th c lp trnh ti phn mm con (SubVI)

trong LabView, cng c th tnh di dng bng tnh Excel ri sau lin kt vi phn mm iu khin (bc 3) v tnh (bc 4).

Bc 3. M un iu khin cc ch thit lp cu hnh cn xy dng sao cho p ng cho la chn y , d thit lp cu hnh c trng h trc: ME lai / ngt lai chn vt; ME lai / ngt lai my pht in (MP) ng trc; ME lai / ngt lai bm cu ha; Khi cc xy lanh lm vic bnh thng v c xy lanh s c bt kh khng, phi tho ri cm chi tit chuyn ng; Khng xt v c xt n cc h s cn. S nguyn l phn tch thit k b iu khin K c th hin trn hnh 2.2, c xt n c im cu hnh ca m hnh [3]. Cc gi tr ca K:

a) K4 =1 - Gii FTVs c cn; K4 =0 - Gii FTVs khng cn: B = 0 (t PT (2)).

b) K3 =1 - Khi xi lanh th i,(XL(i)) s c, tho ri cm chuyn ng Jpb;

K3 =[0 0 10] - xy lanh (i) =1 ; J(i) = J0 - K3(i)*Jpb

K3 =[0 0 00] - z xy lanh.

c) K2 =1 - Khi ME lai chn vt

K2.1 = 1 - Full pitch; Jcv = Jcv,0+Jw.fp,

K2.1 = 0 - Zero pitch;Jcv = Jcv,0+Jw.zp,

K2 =0 - Khi khng lai chn vt

: Jcv,0 , Jw.fp (zp) - Phn MMQTKL ca chn vt kh v lng nc km, ch ton bc (ton ti chn vt, full pitch) v bc khng ( chn vt khng ti, zero pitch) khi dng chn vt bin bc.


V d: Trong [5] a ra Jcv.full pitch = 3.871 E2, Jcv.zero pitch = 2.421 E2 (kg.m2) .

d) K1=1 - ME lai thit b ph u trc, v d bm cu ha (BCH);

K1=0 - ME khng lai thit b ph u trc, BCH.

e) K0=1 - ME lai MP ng trc;

K0=0 - ME khng lai MP.

Bc 4. Tnh vc t cc h s c bn ca phng trnh FTVs (1) v (2).

Trn c s b iu khin K v u vo ca cc thng s ng hc c bn ca cc thnh phn trong c h, u ra cn thu c vc t MMQTKL ca n khi lng trong m hnh, vc t cc h s cng xon c (n-1) phn t, vc t cn xon ngoi (tp trung ti cc khi lng tp trung) v vc t cn xon trong (cn xon tng i gia cc khi lng, on trc).

Tnh vc t nghim FTVs v dng ca FTVs tng ng vi tng tn s ring u tin.

u ra ca m-un ny l vc t cc MMQTKL: J = {J(i)}, (kg.m2), h s cng xon c={ci,i+1}, h s cn xon trong b = {bi,i+1}, h s cn xon ngoi b = {di}, i = 1,2,, n.

Bc 5. Tnh vc t nghim FTVs v dng ca FTVs tng ng vi tng tn s ring u tin.

u vo ca m-un ny l cc vc t MMQTKL J, h s cng xon c, h s cn xon trong, h s cn xon ngoi d. trin khai gii nghim tnh tn s ring bng cc phng php h bc v s dng cc lnh c sn trong MATLAB nh poly() - trin khai a thc, roots() - tm nghim ca a thc. Rt thun tin v khng kh khn trong lp trnh trn LabView vi s dng MathScript. Trong bi bo ny tc gi khng i su phn tch thut ton cng nh lp trnh gii phng trnh (1) v (2), c gi c th tm hiu thut gii trong [2] v lp trnh phn 3 tip theo.

Bc 6. Nghim tnh FTVs cho h trc ME diesl lai chn vt cn a ra kt qu di dng bng 2.1 v bng 2.2. Kt qu c th c xut ra trn mn hnh, in ra bo co hoc a ra di dng file *.pdf cng nh lu li trong b nh.

Bng 2.1.a. Tn s dao ng t do ca h trc khi ME lai chn vt, ton bc (ton ti chn vt),

khng lai bm cu ha (hoc khng lai MP ng trc). ME hot ng bnh thng. Khng cn.

Natural frequencies of the propulsion plant, egaged propeller, full pith; disconnected FiFi pump(or disconnected co-shaft generator). ME normal worked. No Damping.

ch,rad/s ch(1) >0 ch(2) ch(3) ch(n-1)

nch, rpm nch(1) nch(2) nch(3) nch(n-1)

Chung ta cn xut ra cac bang 2.1.b, -c, -d, tng t nh bang 2.1.a cho tt ca cac tinh

hung cu hinh c thit lp theo bc 3. Vi du: Bng 2.1.b. Tn s dao ng t do ca h trc

khi ME lai chn vt, ton bc, lai bm cu ha (hoc lai MP ng trc). ME hot ng bnh

thng. Khng cn; Bng 2.1.c. Tn s dao ng t do ca h trc khi ME lai chn vt, bc

khng (chn vt khng ti), khng lai bm cu ha (hoc khng lai MP ng trc). ME hot

ng bnh thng. Khng cn;

Bng 2.2.a. Th hin kt qu dng FTVs xt cho 2-4 tn s ring ban u (khc 0).

Tng t cn c cc bang b sung (dng bng 2.2.a) biu th kt qu dng FTVs cho tt c

cu hnh h trc c thit lp ti bc 3 nu trn. Trong bi bo ny, tc gii xin khng trnh by

chi tit.

Bng 2.2.a. Dng dao ng t do ca h trc khi ME lai chn vt, ton bc (ton ti chn vt), khng

lai bm cu ha(hoc khng lai MP ng trc). ME hot ng bnh thng. Khng cn.

i,j = i,j / 1,j ; i = 2,3,, n ; j = 1, 2, 3.

Mass ch(1), rad/s ch(2) ch(3) ch(4)

1 1 1 1 1

n n,1 n,2 n,3 n,4


3. Phn tch kt qu

Nhp d liu t bng tnh Excel cho php chng ta ch ng xy dng cc bng tnh MMQTKL, h s cn xon, h s cng xon mt cch d dng v thun tin, khng mt nhiu thi gian, v s lng cc chi tit ca h trc rt ln. Kt qu ca bc tnh trn Excel l cc i lng chung cho MMQTKL ca n khi lng tp trung c xt cho cc trng hp cu hnh c th.

Phn tch, thit k b iu khin K gip cho phn mm tnh ton FTVs c gn v c cu trc cht ch, bao trm tt c cc cu hnh cn thit theo yu cu QCVN 21:2010/BGTVT. Ngoi ra, y l m un hon thin cho nghin cu FTVs trn h trc diesel ME lai chn vt tu thy hin i.

Phn tch t chc dng thng tin cho cc VI chung chnh tnh FTVs - tn s ring v dng ca chng. Phn chng trnh con chung tnh FTVs l m un quan trng, chung cho tt c cc trng hp c th khi thit lp cu hnh K.

Phn tch, thit k mu xut d liu, kt qu theo yu cu QCVN 21:2010/BGTVT phc v y phn tnh FTVs trong bng tnh dao ng xon h trc. Kt qu thu c ph hp vi bo co ca cc cng ty, t chc c uy tn trn th gii thc hin.

4. Kt lun

Phn tch thit k phn mm (VI) tnh FTVs da theo yu cu QCVN 21:2010/ BGTVT v c im cu trc, ch cng tc ca h trc diesel ME lai chn vt. Kt qu nghin cu tp trung phn tch xy dng u vo cho VI chung, phn tch thit k b iu khin K, t chc thng tin vo/ra cho cc VI chung tnh FTV (nghim tn s ring v dng ca chng) cng nh xut kt qu theo yu cu ca ng kim. Kt qu nghin cu c tc gi trin khai xy dng phn mm trong LabView v phc v cho mt phn ni dung ca ti c lp cp Quc gia, 2015 do Trng HHHVN ch tr (Phn sau s tip tc v nghin cu xy dng mm tnh FTVs trn LabView).

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] c Lu. Chn on diesel tu bin bng dao ng xon ng trc. Lun n TSKH. Hc vin

Hng hi mang tn c Hi qun Macarov, TP.Xanh-Petecbua, LBN. 2006

[2] c Lu.Tnh dao ng xon t do h trc diesel tu thy khi treo nhm piston - bin trong xi

lanh s c. Tp ch KHCNHH, s 39 - 08/2014.

[3] c Lu (2015). Nghin cu xy dng phn mm tnh dao ng xon t do h trc. Phn 1.

M hnh ha. Tp ch KHCNHH, s 43 - 08/2015.

[4] Lng Cng Nh, c Lu.Thuyt minh ti c lp cp Quc gia nm 2015 Nghin

cu, xy dng m phng h ng lc chnh v trm pht in cho tu bin ch hng tng hp.

Mx s TLCN: 14/15 do Trng HHHVN ch tr. 2015

[5] Quy chun Quc gia. QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT. Quy phm phn cp v ng tu bin v thp.

Phn 3, H thng my tu. Chng 8. Dao ng xon h trc.

[6] DNV GL Maritime Advisory. Torsional Vibration Calculation Roll -Royce AB. Report No. 2014 -

0429, Rev.1. Date 2014 -07-03 (For the main propulsion on Vinashin Saigon Shipmarin H/N BA

27, on the M/V BinhAn Valiant). 2014

[7] MAN B&W Vibration Analysis. Torsional Vibration Calculation. BachDang Shipyard T209/HT30.

03 Jun 2005. (For the main propulsion on M/V Vinashinsky 1500000T). 2015

IU KHIN TI U TON PHNG TUYN TNH CHUYN NG TU THY

LINEAR QUADRATIC OPTIMAL SHIP MOTION CONTROL

NCS. NGUYN HU QUYN PGS.TS. TRN ANH DNG; PGS.TS. PHM K QUANG


Bi bo cp ti vn nghin cu m hnh ton, nh gi trng thi n nh ca tu thu trong qu trnh chuyn ng. Trn c s phng php iu khin ti u dng ton phng tuyn tnh thit k b iu khin phn hi trng thi nhm nng cao n nh v ti u nng lng cho chuyn ng tu thu.


Abstract The article refers to the mathematical model research problems, assess ship stability motion. On the basis of the linear quadratic optimal control method design space feedback controller in order to improve stability and optimal energy ship motion control.

Key words: Ship stability, linear quadratic control, optimal energy ship motion control.

1. t vn

Tu thy l i tng hot ng di nc, mi trng hot ng phc tp, chu s tc ng ca cc yu t ngu nhin, nh: Sng, gi, dng chy,... ng lc hc tu thy c p dng bi nh lut Newton trong coi tu thy nh vt rn chuyn ng trong mi trng cht lng v chuyn ng ca tu thy c 6 bc t do DOF (Degress Of Freedom). Phng trnh ton m t chuyn ng tu thu l phng trnh vi phn bc cao, xt v tnh cht ng hc ca tu thy ta thy i tng c tnh cht ng hc nh: Qu trnh dao ng, thi gian qu di, d tr n nh thp [2]...

Tng hp nhng bi ton nghin cu v iu khin chuyn ng tu thu cho thy mc tiu iu khin chnh ca cc bi ton l lun n nh hng i v qu o cho trc (trong bi ton iu khin n nh theo hng v qu o). Cha t nhiu mc tiu n vn khi n nh hng v qu o nh vy th cht lng ng hc ca h thng (qu trnh qu , thi gian qu , d tr n nh,...) nh th no. Nng lng iu khin b ra l nhiu hay t v ti u hay cha [5]. Nht l trong iu kin khai thc tu thy hin nay th vn tit kim nng lng ngy cng c quan tm.

2. Ni dung

2.1. M hnh ton m t chuyn ng tu thu

Hnh 1 m t chi tit thnh phn chuyn ng v tham s ng hc tu thy trn cc trc theo 6 bc t do DOF, c th nh sau:

Hnh 1. Thnh phn chuyn ng, tham s ng hc ca tu thy

Cc thnh phn chuyn ng v tham s ng hc m t trn h trc nh sau:

- Trt dc theo trc x gm c: xG - S dch chuyn trng tm tu theo chiu dc, u - Tc

dch chuyn theo chiu dc, - Gc nghing, .

p - Vn tc gc ca lc ngang.

- Trt ngang theo trc y gm c: yG - S dch chuyn trng tm tu theo chiu ngang,

v - Tc dch chuyn theo chiu ngang, - Gc chnh, .

q - Vn tc lc dc.

- Trt ngang theo trc z gm c: zG - S dch chuyn trng tm tu theo chiu thng ng,

- Hng tu, .

r - Tc quay tr.

- xG, yG, zG - Ta im trng tm ca tu.

Chuyn ng cn bng tu thy mi v tr c th hin theo (1) [2]:

.

. ( ) ( ) ( )M v C v v D v v g (1)

Trong : - Vect v tr, nh hng vi h qui chiu Tri t (n-frame), - Vect vn tc hng, vn tc gc, M - Ma trn qun tnh, )(vC - Ma trn Coriolis, )(g - Vc t lc v mmen trng lc, - Vect lc v mmen ca tn hiu iu khin.


M hnh khng gian trng thi tuyn tnh m t ng hc tu thy khi khng c tc ng ca nhiu c dng sau [4]:

.

.x A x Bu (2)

Trong : [ ]x u v r p ; ,A B - Ma trn h s; u - Tn hiu iu khin; - Gc quay bnh li. Phng trnh (2) c th c vit nh sau:

.

111 12 13 14.

221 22 23 24.

331 32 33 34

.

.

0

0

0

0 0 1 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0 0

vba a a a v

r ba a a a r

ba a a a pp

(3)

Trong : aij, bij l cc h s ph thuc vo ng lc tu, v c xc nh theo cc thng s ca tu.

Phng trnh (3) l phng trnh khng gian trng thi dng tuyn tnh ca tu thu dng tng hp b iu khin chuyn ng tu thy khi khng c nhiu tc ng. Xt i tng tu c cc thng s nh sau: Chiu di L = 175,0 (m), chiu rng gia B = 25,4 (m), lng gin nc W = 21222(m3), Tc ln nht u = 14 Knots. Vi cc h s aij, bij c tnh c gi tr nh bng 1.

Bng 1. Gi tr cc h s aij,bij [3]

stt H s Gi tr stt H s Gi tr

1 a11 -0,046 9 a31 -0,0010

2 a12 -1,9614 10 a32 0,0147

3 a13 0,2137 11 a33 -0,1163

4 a14 0,1336 12 a34 -0,0006

5 a21 0,0011 13 b1 -0,0600

6 a22 -0,1326 14 b2 -0,0035

7 a23 -0,1246 15 b3 -0,0026

8 a24 -0,0331

T m hnh ton (3) nhn xt rng: Vi cc h s aij, bij nh bng 1 ca ma trn c tnh A xt s phn b cc im cc ta thy s phn b im cc trn mt phng phc lm cho i tng c cht lng ng hc khng tt (dng s phc s = a + bi) n lm cho i tng c qu trnh qu dao ng, thi quan qu di dn ti i tng n nh km. Tt c cc bin trng thi (c trng cho tnh cht ng hc): Trt ngang (v), tc quay tr (r), gc nghing (), tc lc

ngang (p), gc hng ( ) u ph thuc vo ln gc b li ( ) trong qu trnh gi hng v truy theo qu o. Trong thng s gc nghing v tc lc ngang l hai thng s nh hng

n tnh n nh tu. Mt khc ln gc b li ( ) trong qu trnh gi hng v truy theo qu

o quyt nh n nng lng b ra iu khin. Do vy cn c s tng hp b iu khin ti u nng lng iu khin v nng cao cht ng hc cho i tng.

2.2. Bi ton iu khin ti u dng ton phng

Bi ton iu khin ti u dng ton phng l thit k b iu khin trng thi da trn phng trnh trng thi quen thuc ca i tng dng phng trnh Cauchy [5]:

.

x Ax Bu (4)

v iu kin cc tiu hm ch tiu cht lng dng ton phng:

0

0.5 ( ) minT TQ x Qx u Ru dt

(5)


Trong : x - Vc t trng thi )1( n ; u - Vc t iu khin )1( m ; BA, - Cc ma trn

h s khng i; ,Q P - Cc ma trn trng s, c xc nh da vo hm ch tiu cht lng .Q

B iu khin ti u c xc nh nh sau:1 T .K R B P Trong ma trn P c xc

nh t phng trnh Riccati (6) [1].

T 1 T 0A P PA Q PBR B P (6)

Lut iu khin ti u sau khi xc nh b iu khin c dng: u Kx .

2.3. Tng hp b iu khin ti u h iu khin chuyn ng gi hng tu thy

H iu khin ti u dng ton phng tuyn tnh LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) trong ch iu khin gi hng tu thy c cu trc nh hnh 2. Vi cc h s ca cc ma trn A, B c xc nh ph thuc vo thng s ca tu cho nh bng 1.

X MY LITU

dNhiu

Hng i

thc

(-)

u

f

.

AX+BUX

[K]

LQR

HNG

T

B TIN

X L

Hnh 2. Cu trc h thng iu khin ti u gi hng s dng iu khin LQR

Trong : d - Hng i t, - Hng i thc ca tu. B iu khin ti u phn hi trng thi

LQR c tng hp theo phng php ti u dng ton phng tuyn tnh (mc 2.2) vi ma trn trng s Q, R nh sau:

1000 0 0 0 0

0 8860 0 0 0

0 0 1830 0 0

0 0 0 24 0

0 0 0 0 1

Q

, R = 5

Kt qu tnh c b iu khin phn hi K vi gi tr cc h s nh sau:

K=[ -0.1440 16.1082 6.7620 1.1066 0.4471]

2.4. Kt qu m phng

Kt qu m phng qu trnh ng hc tu thy trong trng hp s dng b iu khin PID v trng hp s dng b iu khin LQR khi thay i hng i tu HT = 050, tc tu Vt = 12.3 knots.

a) b)

Hnh 3. Kt qu m phng so snh hng i

a) S dng b iu khin PID, b) S dng b iu khin LQR


a) b)

Hnh 4. Kt qu m phng so snh gc b li


a) b) Hnh 5. Kt qu m phng so snh gc nghing


3. Kt lun

T kt qu m phng ta thy khi thay i hng i ca tu HT= 050, vi vn tc tu khng i 12,3 knots, cho ta kt qu khc nhau khi so snh gia hai trng hp khi s dng b iu khin thng thng PID v khi s dng b iu khin ti u phn hi trng thi LQR: Gc nghing ca tu trong qu trnh thay i hng i nh hn (cht lng ng hc tng ln). Gc b li trong qu trnh thay i hng i nh hn (gim nng lng iu khin) khi s dng b iu khin ti u ton phng tuyn tnh LQR.

TI LIU THAM KHO [1] Nguyn Don Phc, Phan Xun Minh. iu khin ti u v bn vng. Nh xut bn Khoa

hc v K thut. 2000. [2] Fossen, T.I. Guidance and Control of Ocean Vehicles. John Wiley and sons, 1994. [3] Fossen, T. I, Marine Control Systems - Guidance, Navigation and Control of Ships, Rigs and

Underwater Vehicles Marine Cybernetics, 3rd edition, 2002. [4] Perez, T. and Mogens Blanke, Mathematical Ship Modeling for Control Applications. Technical

Report Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia, 2002.

[5]. .., .., .. . - .: , 2002.

IU KHIN LNG NHIN LIU CUNG CP CHO NG C XNG P DNG PHNG PHP IU KHIN TI U LQR

CONTROL OF FUEL SUPPLY FOR GASOLINE ENGINE APPLICATION OPTIMIZATION CONTROL METHOD LQR

NCS. O QUANG KHANH PGS.TS. LU KIM THNH; PGS.TS. TRN ANH DNG

Trng i hc Hng hi Vit Nam Tm tt

Bi bo cp ti vn nghin cu m hnh ton, kho st s ph thuc ca gc bm ga vi lng nhin liu cung cp cho ng c xng. Trn c s phng php iu


khin ti u LQR thit k b iu khin phn hi trng thi nhm mc tiu iu khin lng nhin liu cung cp cho ng c theo gi tr tc t.

Abstract This paper studies the problem granted to the engine model, examines the throttle angle dependence of the amount of fuel supplied to the gasoline engine. Based on the method of optimal control design LQR controller for state feedback control to target the fuel supply to the engine speed set value.

Key words: Control of Fuel supply, LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator), state space feedback controller, SI (spark-ignition), FI (Fuel Injection).

1. t vn

- Mt m hnh ng c c th xy dng bng cch m phng mt s cc h thng nh ring bit nh ng ht, ng x, piston-xi lanh, h turbo tng p,...Trong mi quan h tng qut cho lu lng ca m hnh dng chy theo [4] mi quan h c m t nh sau [4]:

atm imeffatmatm

P PA

PRTm

(1)

Din tch mt ct ngang hiu qu nht ca van tit lu Aeff ():

cos( )

( ) C 1cos( )

cleff dth dth

cl

A C A

(2)

- H thng iu chnh trng pha trc cam hot ng bi p lc du qua b iu khin van du, thit b c th c nh v trong tng v tr (trong khong = -40o n +40o) vi tc ti a 200o/s theo gc . Theo [3] c tnh theo cng thc sau:

sin

d

dt

(3)

0 00

2 2513200 / 360

180 ees

Hnh 1. H thng iu khin phi hp gc ,

- Vn t ra l phi iu chnh gc bm ga v gc trng pha trc cam ph hp vi thi gian tng, gim tc ng c nhm mc tiu gim thiu lng tiu hao nhin liu. Nhim v ca ngi iu khin lc ny l t cho ng c t trong mt tc bng chn ga, b iu khin s t ng phi hp gc v theo tc t (hnh 1).

2. Ni dung

2.1. M hnh ton m t ng c xng

Xt mt ng c bn k s dng phng php nh la t chy nhin liu SI, khng xt n qu trnh lm mt, tubro tng p m ch kho st ng c theo hai mt: ng nhin liu vo xi lanh v ng kh thi t xi lanh ra ngoi. Hnh 2 th hin m hnh dng chy phn phi kh trong ng c t trong [3].

Bm ga

Cm bin v tr, gia tc chn ga

Cm bin v tr ng c quay bm ga

B iu

khin

o nhiu liu

ng c iu chnh gc

FI


Hnh 2. M hnh dng chy phn phi kh trong ng c t trong

Trong cc k hiu hnh 2 nh sau: : Gc m chn ga, [rad],: Gc m sm trn trc cam, [rad], Pamb: p sut mi trng xung quanh, [Pa], Pim: p sut ng ht, [Pa], Pem: p sut ng x, [Pa], mimin: Lng nhin liu vo ng np, [mm3], mimout: Lng nhin liu ra khi ng np [mm3], memin: Lng nhin liu vo ng np [mm3], memout: Lng nhin liu ra khi ng np [mm3], e tc gc ca ng c[rad/s], e m men trn trc ng c [Nm],l m men cn [Nm].

Theo [3] ta c h phng trnh vi phn y nh sau:

,

,o

,

,o

cos1 0.685 1 exp 9 9

cos 4

11

4

e cylim o cl amb im im dim dth th vol

im cl amb imamb

e cylem o im dem vol

em im

s

nRT P P P VP t C A

V P RTRT

nRT P VP t

AV RT

F

,

,o

0.685 1 exp 9 9

1 1 1, 1

4 4

em imdexh exh

ambem o

e cyl d cyll im de i im e vol em im l

e e im

s s

P PC A

PRT

n V nH P Vt P P P fmep

A AJ RT

F F

(4)

Kho st ng c xng Ford 2.0L vi cc thng s c lit k trong bng 1, thay th cc thng s v tuyn tnh ha cc phng trnh (4), tm ra c cc ma trn nh sau [3]:

12.62 0 1965 83283 7510

27.66 2330 4319 0 16512

0.02249 0.002113 0.2317 0 11.99

00

, , 0 ,0

1

A B C D

Bng 1. Thng s ca ng c t trong hng Ford 2.0L

K hiu ngha Gi tr K hiu ngha Gi tr

s

A

F

T l ha kh 14,64 ambT

Nhit khng kh mi trng

288,15 [K]

exhA Tit din ng x 0,00385 [m2] im

T

Nhit khng kh trong ng ht

288,15 [K]

thA Tit din ng ht 0,00385 [m2] emT

Nhit khng kh trong ng x

593 [K]

dthC

Hng s ng ht 0,85 imV

Th tch ng ht 0,004 [m3]

exd hC

Hng s ng x 0,7 emV

Th tch ng x 0,004 [m3]

lH Nhit tr thp 44,106 [J/kg] dV

Th tch bung t

0,0006638 [m3]

eJ

M men qun tnh 0,15 [kg m2] cl

Gc m trung bnh 70

cyl

S xi lanh 6 i

Hiu sut ch th ,im ef P

ambP

p sut khng kh 101325 [Pa] vol

Hm th tch hiu qu f

R Hng s kh

287,327 [J/kgK]

T l nhit dung 1.4


2.2. Phng php iu khin ti u LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator)

Bi ton iu khin ti u LQR thit k b iu khin trng thi da trn phng trnh trng thi quen thuc ca i tng dng phng trnh Cauchy [1]:

A.x B.u

y C.x D.u

x

(5)

v iu kin cc tiu hm ch tiu cht lng dng ton phng:

T T

0

0.5 ( ) minJ x Qx u Ru dt

(6)

Trong x - Vc t trng thi )1( n ; u - Vc t iu khin )1( m ; , , ,A B C D - Cc ma

trn h s khng i; ,Q R - Cc ma trn ng cho ca cc trng s c a ra bi ngi

thit k.

Hnh 3. Cu trc b iu khin LQR

Lut iu khin lqru K x (coi tn hiu t bng khng), trong

1 T

lqrK R B P - Ma trn cc

h s phn hi, c xc nh sau khi gii phng trnh Riccati theo ma trn vung P.

T 1 T 0A P PA Q PBR B P (7)

H kn mi c phng trnh trng thi nh sau [5]:

(A BK ) x BNr

y Cx DNr

lqrx

(8) Tng ng:

1

( )lqrG s C sI A BK B D N

(9)

Tm ma trn tin x l N sao cho h kn bng 1 ti tn s s = 0 [5]:

1

0 ( ) 1lqrG C A BK B D N

(10)

1

1

( )lqrN C A BK B D

(11)

2.3. Tng hp b iu khin, kt qu m phng

T phng trnh phi tuyn ca ng c xng (4), sau khi tuyn tnh ha ta thu c cc ma trn A, B, C, D, h thng p dng iu khin LQR cho ng c xng c cu trc simulink [2] nh hnh 4.

Hnh 4. Cu trc h thng p dng iu khin LQR

d xAx Bu

dt

y C x Du

KLQR

r u

y

x

N


Trong Klqr - Ma trn phn hi trng thi cn tm, N - Ma trn b tn hiu t, u = [,]T, x = [Pim Pem e]T, y = [e]. Vic tm ma trn Klqr tng hp theo (7), N c tng hp theo (11) nh trn cho kt qu h s ma trn Klqr nh sau: Klqr=[0,0008 0,0001 -0,0006; 0,0933 -0,0255 -0,2483], N=[0,0236 0; 0 -2,8311]; vi cc ma trn trng lng Q = [1 0 0;0 1 0;0 0 1], R =[150000 0;0 100].

Hnh 5. c tnh tc ng c xng khi t 1=168 [rad/s] (ti t = 0 s), 2 = 128 [rad/s] (ti t = 4 s) v c tnh tn hiu iu khin , .

3. Kt lun

Bi ton t ng iu chnh gc bm ga , gc trng pha trc cam bng phng php iu khin ti u LQR p ng c yu cu cht lng t ra ca bi ton: ti u gc v t ti u lng nhiu liu cung cp cho ng c xng, cho cht lng ng hc tt. Bi ton cho php hiu chnh b iu khin K ty thuc vo yu cu cht lng t ra ca h thng bng cch thay i cc phn t trn ng cho chnh ca ma trn trng lng Q v R.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Trn Anh Dng, iu khin hin i l thuyt v ng dng, Nh xut bn Giao thng vn ti, nm 2013.

[2] Nguyn Phng Quang, Matlab &Simulink dnh cho k s iu khin t ng, NXB Khoa hc v K thut H Ni nm 2005.

[3] J.P.R. Jongeneel, Input redundant internal combustion engine with linear quadratic Gaussian control and dynamic control allocation, 2009.

[4] Pushkaraj A. Panse, Dynamic Modeling and Control of Port-Fuel Injection Engines, 2011.

[5] Julio H. Braslavsky, Control Systems Design - Introduction to Optimal Control and Estimation,

2008.


NG DNG CNG NGH THIT K NGC V CNG NGH CAD/-CAM/CNC LP TRNH GIA CNG KHUN V IN THOI DI NG

APPLICATION OF REVERSE ENGINEERING AND CAD/CAM/CNC TECHNOLOGY FOR SETTING MACHINING PROGRAM

OF MOBILE PHONE SHELL MOLD

PHM VIT HNG1, NGUYN THNH HUN2, ANH TUN2

1Khoa in - in t, Trng HHH Vit Nam 2Trng i hc KTKT Cng nghip

Tm tt

Bi bo gii thiu qu trnh ng dng cng ngh thit k ngc v cng ngh CAD/CAM/CNC lp chng trnh gia cng khun v in thoi di ng c b mt phc tp. y l cng ngh c ng dng trong lnh vc c kh c nhiu tnh nng k thut u vit, p ng tt nhu cu thc t trong nc nhm a dng ha mu m, rt ngn c qu trnh pht trin sn phm, nng cao nng sut, chnh xc ch to, n gin ha quy trnh cng ngh, gim gi thnh sn phm, ...

T kha: Cng ngh thit k ngc; CAD/CAM/CNC; m my im; Thit k khun; Qut mu. Abstract

This paper introduces the application of reverse engineering and CAD/CAM/CNC technology for setting machining program of mobile phones shell mold having complex surfaces. This is the technology applying in the field of mechanical engineering. It has many outstanding features to meet the actual needs of the domestic to diversify product designs, shorten the product development process, improve productivity as well as manufacture precision, simplify technological processes, reduce product cost, etc.;

Key words: Reverse engineering; CAD/CAM/CNC; Cloud point; Mold design; Scan template.

1. t vn

Nn cng nghip nc nh trong thi gian qua c s pht trin mnh m, ng gp nhiu cho s pht trin t nc. Tuy nhin th trng cc sn phm ni chung v c bit l sn phm c kh, nha ngy cng i hi yu cu cao hn v cht lng, chnh xc gia cng, mc t ng ha trong sn xut cao hn, yu cu v mu m sn phm phi c thay i thng xuyn, linh hot. Nhu cu v thit k pht trin sn phm mi hoc chp mu v thit k li t cc sn phm c, cng nh nhu cu v sn xut, ch to cc b khun mu c chnh xc v phc tp cao l rt ln. p ng c yu cu trn, ta phi nghin cu pht trin, p dng cc cng ngh mi, trong c cng ngh CAD/CAM/CNC v cng ngh thit k ngc.

Cng ngh thit k ngc c a vo p dng nc ta, nhng mi ch p dng c mc c bn, x l c cc i tng n gin v mi ch x l mt cng on trong quy trnh ti to phc hi chi tit. Bi bo ny s thc hin thm cc cng on ca quy trnh thit k ngc, t cng on qut v x l m hnh mu n thit k khun bng phn mm Topsolid, lp trnh m phng gia cng bng phn mm MasterCAM v cui cng xut ra file gia cng NC.

2. Gii quyt vn

2.1. S ha b mt sn phm bng thit b o qut ta

Cc loi thit b o qut ta c la chn ty theo hnh dng ca chi tit, yu cu chnh xc, vt liu chi tit, kch thc chi tit, Hai loi thit b o qut ta ph bin hin nay l thit b o khng tip xc v thit b o tip xc. Vi sn phm mu l v in thoi di ng tc gi dng thit b o qut khng tip xc l my Scanflex Premium Gi ZII qut, d liu thu c v sau khi x l l file Phonecase.stl c dng m my im nh hnh 1.

Hnh 1. D liu m my im v in thai di ng


2.2. ng dng phn mm Rapidform XOR3 thit k li v in thoi di ng

Rapidform XOR3 (Xo Redesign) l phn mm thit k ngc ca hng Rapidform (Hn Quc). y l mt gii php phn mm hon chnh nht x l d liu t file dng m my im sang file dng CAD.

Rapidform XOR3 c by ch lm vic: Mesh, Region Group, Point Cloud, Mesh Sketch,

Sketch, 3D Mesh Sketch 5.

Ta c th s dng mt, mt s hoc c by ch trn thit k li chi tit l ty thuc vo hnh dng, kt cu ca chi tit. thit k li v in thoi di ng trn, tc gi thc hin nh sau:

- Nhp d liu m my im vo phn mm Rapidform XOR3 theo ng dn Insert/Import v chn file v in thoi di ng qut: Phonecase.stl.

- Dng cc biu tng trn thanh cng c ca Mesh hn y Fill Holes, hiu chnh li cc bin dng, gim li im, lm mn b mt, lm trn ton b d liu, ti u ha d liu cc phn khng hon chnh.

Hnh 2. S dng ch Mesh chnh sa d liu m my im

- Dng cc lnh trn ch Region Group phn mng vng d liu m my im thun tin cho vic thit k tip theo.

- Chuyn d liu m my im v ta chun XYZ ca h ta trong phn mm.

- S dng ch Mesh Sketch, dng li cc ng bin dng, sau dng lnh Loft ni cc bin dng thnh mt phng bao bin dng ca d liu.

- S dng ch Mesh Sketch v cc l phm theo ng bin dng, dng Mirror ly i xng, ri ly Extrude Surface, Trim Surface, ta c nh hnh 3:

Hnh 3. S dng ch Mesh Sketch, Loft dng li b mt

- S dng Mesh Fit dng v tr loa v l phm gia

Hnh 4. Xy dng loa v l bn phm gia bng lnh Mesh Fit


- Dng phn di ca v in thoi di ng bng ch Mesh Sketch.

- S dng lnh Thickness to chiu dy cho v in thoi ta c bn CAD v in thoi hon chnh.

- Kim tra so snh, nh gi sai s gia bn CAD thit k li vi d liu m my im ban u bng ch Accuracy AnalyzerTM. Da trn bng mu hin th v lch thit k, ta thy m hnh v in thoi thit k li t c chnh xc cao so vi d liu m my im. Sai lch

khong 0,1 mm.

Hnh 5. So snh, nh gi sai s bng ch Accuracy Analyzer TM

- Lu bn CAD di dng file c ui .igs bng cch trn menu vo File/Export chn i tng export, chn Ok, t tn cho file l Phonecase.igs, chn save kt thc qu trnh save bn v chi tit v in thoi di ng.

2.3. ng dng phn mm TopSolid thit k khun cho v in thoi di ng

- M giao din phn mm TopSolid, m file Phonecase.igs theo ng dn File/Open/Phonecase.igs. Chuyn d liu CAD v h ta chun trong phn mm.

- M m un thit k khun theo ng dn: File/New/Mold/Ok. a chi tit vo mi trng thit k khun bng cch chn Part and Block, chn Load Part, chn chi tit, thay i gi tr co ngt vt liu vi vt liu l nha ABS ta chn bng 1,005, sau cng ta chn Direct Positioning a chi tit vo mi trng thit k khun.

- To ng phn khun: Chn Create Parting Lines, chn chi tit, phn mm t ng to ng phn khun, cn c vo ngi thit k c th chn nhng ng c sn hoc sa li ng phn khun cho hp l.

- To cc mt phn khun: Chn Part and Block, chn Creat External Parting Surface, chn Extruded t dng nhc, chn v tr ng phn khun, chn Ok, la chn hng, chn Quit; kt qu ta c mt phn khun nh hnh 6.

- To lng v li khun: Chn Create Core/Cavity Blocks; t dng nhc chn Current Coordinate System, chn Select All Parts, chn All Surfaces, chn Validate The Offset, chn Create Block phn mm s t ng to ra lng v li khun. Kt qu nh hnh 6.

Hnh 6. Qu trnh to lng v li khun

- Lu lng khun, li khun ln lt c tn file l LongkhuonvoDT.igs v LoikhuonvoDT.igs


2.4. ng dng phn MasterCAM lp trnh gia cng khun v in thoi di ng

* Lp trnh gia cng li khun v in thoi di ng

- M giao din phn mm MasterCAM, nhp li khun LoikhuonvoDT.igs vo mn hnh giao

din phn mm.

- La chn kiu my dng gia cng chi tit: la chn Machine Type, phn mm s a ra

cc kiu my ngi dng la chn.

- Thit t thuc tnh nhm my bao gm tp, dao ct, phi, vng an ton ca my.

- To ng dng c.

- Xc minh v bin tp ng dng c s dng Toolpath Manager, m phng kim tra

ng dng c.

- Xut file NC gia cng.

Hnh 7. Hnh nh m phng v trch phn u file NC

gia cng phay li khun v in thoi di ng

* Lp trnh gia cng lng khun v in thoi di ng

Lm cc bc tng t gia cng li khun v in thoi di ng.

3. Kt lun

V in thoi di ng c tc gi chn lm mu thit k khun c b mt phc tp, nu

ng dng quy trnh thit k thun thit k gp nhiu kh khn, sai s ln, mt nhiu thi gian.

Bi bo trnh by y cc bc t vic s ha b mt mu, s dng phn mm thit k

ngc Rapidform thit k li, so snh sai s gia d liu m my im v d liu CAD thu

c, thit k khun trn phn mm TopSolid n lp trnh gia cng phay khun trn phn mm

MasterCAM, cui cng ta nhn c l file NC nhp vo my CNC gia cng.

Vi thnh cng ca vic ng dng k thut thit k ngc v cng ngh CAD/CAM/CNC

trn, hon ton c th m rng phm vi p dng cho cc chi tit c b mt phc tp khc.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1 Bi Ngc Tuyn, Bi ging K thut ngc v to mu nhanh cho hc vin cao hc Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni, 2010.

2 Nguyn ng He, Gio trnh cng ngh to mu nhanh Trng i hc K thut Cng nghip - i hc Thi Nguyn.

3 PGS.TS Trn Vnh Hng - ThS. Trn Ngc Hin, MASTERCAM - Phn mm thit k cng ngh CAD/CAM iu khin cc my CNC Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut, (2007).

4 Nguyn ng He - Trng Th Thu Hng - Nguyn Tun Hng, Nghin cu chnh xc ti to ngc khi s dng trung tm gia cng VMC-85S Tp ch Khoa hc v Cng ngh - S 1(49)/nm 2009.

5 http://www.rapidform.com/.

6 http://www.topsolid.com/.

7 https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/modeling-computational-methods/the-rise-of-reverse-engineering.

http://www.rapidform.com/http://www.topsolid.com/https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/modeling-computational-methods/the-rise-of-reverse-engineeringhttps://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/modeling-computational-methods/the-rise-of-reverse-engineering


NG DNG PHNG PHP TNG NGUN A IM TRONG VIC M PHNG S PHN B CNG TIA UV TRONG L UV

APPLICATON OF MULTIPLE POINT SOURCE SUMMATION (MPSS) METHOD IN SIMULATING THE UV RADIATION INTENSITY IN A UV REACTOR

NCS. NGUYN NH THCH;

PGS.TS. NGUYN CNH SN; PGS.TS. LU KIM THNH


Vic x l nc bng cch s dng tia cc tm (UV) t c nhng kt qu quan trng trong vic bo v sc kho cng ng. Ngy nay, cng ngh ny c ng dng rng ri trong vic s l nc sch cng nh vic s l nc thi trong cng nghip. Trong qu trnh tnh ton v thit k l UV, cho l UV hot ng c hiu qu th vic tnh ton cng sut n UV trong l UV sao cho l UV c th cung cp lng UV yu cu. Bi vit ny trnh by phng php tng ngun a im trong vic tnh ton, m phng s phn b cng tia UV trong l UV. Vic m phng ny s h tr, nng cao hiu qu trong qu trnh tnh ton v thit k l UV

Abstract Disinfection of water treatment using ultraviolet (UV) has achieved significant results in the protection of public health. In recent years, this technology has been widely applied in water and wastewater treatment. In the analysis and design for UV reactor, to ensure efficiency of a UV reator that supply the UV dose requirements, the calculating on power of UV lights is necessary. This article presents the Multiple Point Source Summation method used to simulate the UV radiation intensity in a UV reator. The simulation will support and enhance the efficiency of the analysis and design for UV reator.

Key words: Utraviolet , UV reactor, Multiple Point Source Summation.

1. t vn

S dng nng lng UV l mt trong nhng ng dng vt l ph bin nht x l nc v nc thi. K t nm 2000, c hn 400 tin ch kh khun nc bng UV trn ton th gii, in hnh c nhng tin ch c th t c tc dng chy gn 1 triu gallon/ngy. Tia UV khng ch hiu qu m cn thn thin vi mi trng. N c th dit khun cho nc vi chi ph c 1/10 so vi cc phng php khc ng thi thit b li rt nh gn. Qua nghin cu, cc nh sinh hc quyt nh lng UV cn thit kh cc loi vi khun khc nhau. Khi lng UV cn thit gi l lng UV. Lng UV l nng lng hay microwatts truyn trong mt thi gian nht nh (giy) qua mt khu vc nht nh (cm2). Tnh hiu qu ca h thng x l bng tia cc tm ph thuc vo lng tia cc tm c truyn ti nc. Nng lng ca tia UV trn mt n v din tch (cm2) c gi l cng tia UV (EA), khi lng UV s c tnh bng cng thc UVDose = EA.t. nh vy lng UV ph thuc vo cng tia UV, tc dng chy. Mi sinh vt trong nc yu cu mt lng UV khc nhau. Do kh c th xc nh c tt c cc loi vi sinh vt hin din trong mt ngun nc nn cng rt kh c th xc nh c liu lng UV ti thiu p ng cho mi trng hp. Tuy nhin, liu lng 30 mW-giy/cm2 l tiu chun quc t c th gii chp nhn rng ri i vi nc c kh khun bng tia cc tm. Nh vy p ng c lng UV nh trn th vic tnh ton thit k l UV chnh l vic tnh ton cng tia UV (EA) phn b trong l khi bit trc lu lng dng chy (bit trc t). Vic tnh ton cng tia UV (EA) ph thuc vo vic la chn cng sut v s lng n UV, tuy nhin cha c mt cng thc ton hc no biu din mi quan h gia cng sut n UV v cng tia UV phn b trong l. gii quyt vn trn nhm nghin cu s dng phng php tng ngun a im nhm tnh ton, m phng cng tia UV phn b trong l UV. Vic m phng ny s h tr, nng cao hiu qu trong qu trnh tnh ton v thit k l UV. Hnh 1. Ph nh sng v s bc x tia UV


2. Tia UV

2.1. Nguyn l dit khun bng tia UV

Tia UV l mt phn ca ph nh sng m c phn loi thnh 3 di bc sng:

UV-C, t 100 nm n 280 nm

UV-B, t 280 nm n 315 nm

UV-A, t 315 nm n 400 nm

Trong 3 di sng trn th tia UVC c s dng dit khun, n v hiu ha DNA ca vi rt, vi khun v cc mm bnh khc (hnh 1). Tia UVC ph hy lin kt gia cc axit nucleic n phn k nhau trong DNA ca vi sinh vt. S ph hy cc lin kt trong DNA ngn chn cc vi sinh vt khng th ti to, t chc li. Khi cu trc khng th ti to c, vi sinh vt s cht [2].

Hnh 2 ch ra rng phn t DNA ca t bo b ph v di tc ng ca tia UV. Cc cht hu c b v hiu ha khi a vo mt lng UV lm thay i cu trc phn t DNA. Kt qu l tia UV gy ra hai phn t thimine c lin kit bt thng, hay l dimer. nh hng ca cc phn t dimmer thymin ti chui DNA ngn chn s ti to ca vi sinh vt, cui cng vi sinh vt s b cht.

Guanine Thymine Adenine Cytosine Dimer

Hnh 2. DNA trc v sau khi dit khun bng tia cc tm

2.3 S hp th ca mi trng i vi tia UV

S hp th l s bin i ca tia sng thnh dng nng lng khc khi n truyn qua vt cht. S hp th tia UV ca vt cht thay i theo bc sng ca nh sng. Cc thnh phn ca mt hp phn ng UV v nc truyn qua hp phn ng hp th tia UV s thay i nhit , ph thuc vo thnh phn vt liu. Khi tia UV b hp th, n s khng c gi tr lu di dit khun.

S hp th tia UV c xc nh l s gim cng ca tia sng ti khi n truyn qua mt

mu nc qua mt khong cch hoc di truyn dn. V mt quang ph, s hp th A c nh ngha bi:

1

0

lnI

AI

(1)

Trong :

I1 l cng ca tia sng ti bc sng sau khi truyn qua mt mu (cng nh sng cn li sau khi truyn).

I0 l cng ban u ca tia sng (trc khi truyn qua mt mu) [3].

Cng theo nh lut Beer-Lambert, mi lin h gia s hp th nh sng v c tnh ca vt liu m nh sng truyn qua nh sau:

A lc l (2)

Trong :

: H s hp th phn t (M-1 cm-1) ti bc sng ; c: Nng hp th phn t (M);

l : di truyn dn;

Hnh 3. nh lut hp th BeerLambert ca chm tia sng


: H s hp th ca vt liu (cm-1) bng c .

Hnh 3 l biu th s hp th ca tia sng theo nh lut Beer-Lambert khi n truyn qua thy tinh c b rng l.

Cng thc ny c th c vit li:

lceT

le (3) Trong T l s truyn ca tia sng qua vt liu, c nh ngha:

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