p wer waves - keofkeof.org.in/uploadtext/journel/pw_july 2017 (3).pdf · 2017-08-18 · volume: 20...

Volume: 20 l No. 7 l July 2017

THE

P WER WAVESMONTHLY JOURNAL OF KERALA ELECTRICITY OFFICERS’ FEDERATION

CHIEF EDITOR: S Vijayan l EDITOR: M G Anandakrishnan l EDITORIAL BOARD: P N Biju, N V Joshy,Chandran Kannancheri, N Manylal, K G Madhukumar, T Sreehari (North Zone),

R Appukuttan (Central Zone), Noble Gulab S T (South Zone)MANAGER: N Shabu 8547735660

COMMITTEE MEMBERS: P C Prasad, Sivatmajan Achari V T Design&Layout: Ratheesh KumarFor correspondence: Editor, The Power Waves, Kerala Electricity Officers Federation, Chitharanjan Smarakom, Thycaud,

Thiruvananthapuram 695 014. Phone : 0471 2332772, 2329221

Views expressed in articles published in the ‘Power Waves’ may not necessarily be the views of the Federation. ‘Power Waves’however, welcomes free expression of divergent views and exchange of ideas through its pages.

4 FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬F¿Ønw-Kn-eqsSsshZypXn kpc-£bpw kwc-£-WhpwFkv. hnP-b≥

6 OUR VIEWSNc°v tkh\ \nIpXn]Xo£-Ifpw Bi-¶-IfpwA\¥-IrjvW≥.Fw.Pn

17 hmb\Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lmkwHcp hm-b\Nµ≥ IÆ-t©cn

8 ka-Im-enIwPn-F-kv-Sn-bpwtI-c-f-Øn-s‚ m-hn-bpwkn B¿ tPm-kv-]-Im-iv

12 TECH

Fan Regulators and

Energy Savings

15 TECH

Electricity Parameters

related to Safety

18 bmXHcp aWm-en-b≥ A]m-cX‰n. iolcn, tImgn-t°mSv

21 ]cn-ÿnXn]pjv]-taf 2017]n.-F≥. _nPp

22 STAFF CORNER

24 kmlnXywHm¿-Ω-I-fn¬ H-cp kp¬-Øm≥]n sP h¿-Ko-kv a-e-ta¬

4 THE POWER WAVES l July 2017

F¿Ønw-Kn-eqsSsshZypXn kpc-£bpwkwc-£-Whpw

FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬

sshZypXn kpc-£bv°pw sshZypXn\jvSw Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn\pw F¿ØnwKvhfsc D]-I-cn-°p-∂p. D]-t`m-‡m-°ƒF¿Øv eot°Pv k¿Iyq´v t_°-dp-Iƒ(C.-F¬.-kn.-_n) C∂v hym]-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v.

D]-t`m-‡m-°-fpsS hbdnw-Kn¬ D≠m-Ip∂ XI-cm-dp-Iƒ ImcWw sshZypXn\jvSw kw -hn-°p-I-bm-W-¶n-tem, D]-t`m-‡m-°ƒ sshZyp-Xn-bp-ambn kº¿°-Øn-em-hp-Itbm sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ F¿Øveot°Pv k¿Iyq´v t_°-dp-Iƒ DS≥Xs∂ ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p C-Xns‚ e-ambnk¿Iyq-ń-te-°p≈ sshZypXn _‘wth¿s]-Sp-Øp-∂p. k¿Iyq-ńse XI-cm-dp-Iƒ amdn-b-Xn-\p-ti-jta C.-F¬.-kn.-_n.]q¿∆-ÿn-Xn-bn-em-hp-I-bp-≈q. Poh\pwsshZyp-Xnbpw kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\v C.-F¬.-kn.-_n.-Iƒ hln-°p∂ ]¶v hfschep-Xm-Wv.

Db¿∂ thmƒt´-Pnepw (F-®v. -Sn)Xmgv∂ thmƒt´-Pn-ep-ap≈ (F¬.-Sn)sse\p-I-fn¬ kpc-£bv°pw XI-cm-dp-IƒD≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw bYm-Iawk¿Iyq v t_°-dp-Ifpw yqkp-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn-®p-h-cp-∂p.

sshZypXn hnX-cW Sm≥kvt^m¿a-dp-I-fpsS \yqS¬ t]mbn‚pw t_mUnbpwsshZypXn hnX-cW sse\p-I-fpsS\yqS¬ t]mbn‚pw, Db¿∂ thmƒt -Pp≈

sshZypXn hnX-cW sse\p-I-fnse F√msshZypXn t]mÃp-I-fn-sebpw Ccp-ºp-`m-K-ß-fpw C≥Uy≥ Ãm≥tU¿Uv ]ImcwF¿Øv sNø-W-sa∂v I¿i-\-amb hyh-ÿ-bp-≠v. AXp-t]mse Xs∂ Xmgv∂thmƒt´-Pp≈ hnX-cW sse\p-I-fnset]mÃp-I-fn¬ sshZypXn sse\n-s\m∏wHcp F¿Øv hb¿ IqSn ÿm]n-°-W-sa∂pw Hmtcm A©m-asØ t]mÃpw Ah-km-\sØ t]mÃpw F¿Øv sNø-W-sa∂pw hyh-ÿ-bp-≠v. CØcw Iogv-h-g°w IrXy-ambn ]men-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬sshZyp-Xm-]-I-S-Øn\pw sshZyp-tXm¿P\jvS-Øn\pw Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p-.

F®v.-Sn. sse\p-I-fpsS t]mÃp-IƒF¿ØnwKv C√m-Ø-Xns‚ ê-ambnC≥kp-te-‰¿ XI-cm-dn-em-Ip∂ ka-bØvtImÏo‰v t]mÃv \in-°p-Ibpw Ccpºvt]mÃv \n¬°p∂ mKsØ aÆv Np v ]gp-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ kw -h-ßƒ hsc D≠m-bn- p-≠v.

Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v hnX-cW Sm≥kv-t^m¿a -dp -Ifpw e£-°-W-°n\vsshZypXn ao‰-dp-Ifpw tISm-Ip∂-Xns‚][m\ ImcWw B ÿe-ß-fnseSm≥kvt^m¿a-dp-I-fn-sebpw \yqS¬sse\n-sebpw F¿ØnwKv IrXy-a-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. ASn-°Sn Sm≥kvt^m¿a¿tISm-Ip-∂Xpw Ce-IvtSm-WnIv sshZypXnao‰-dp-Iƒ h≥tXm-Xn¬ XI-cm-dn-em-Ip-

5July 2017 l THE POWER WAVES

∂Xpw Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn\v F¿Ønw-Kn-eqsS Ign-bp-∂-Xm-sW∂v Cucm-‰p-t]´ Ce-IvSn-°¬ sk£-\nseta®m¬ Sm≥kvt^m¿a¿ tÃj-\n¬\S-Ønb ]T\ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-™n- p≠v.CØcw ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ hym]-I-am-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS D]-I-c-W-ßsf kwc-£n®v I\Ø kmº-ØnI \jvSwHgn-hm-°m-\m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

F√m A©m-asØbpw t]mÃn-se \yqS¬ sse≥ F¿Øv sNbvXn-√m-sb-¶n¬ \yqS¬ sse\n¬ 30thmƒt´Pv apX¬ 80 thmƒt´Pv hscD≠m-Ip-∂p. D]-t`m-‡m-°-fpsSsshZypXn D]-t`m-K-Øns‚ G‰-°p-d-®n-ep≈ ][m-\-ambpw sshIp-t∂cw 6 aWn-ap-X¬ cmXn10 aWnhscbp≈ ka-b-ØmWv kqNn-∏n®Xc-Øn¬ \yqS¬ sse\n¬thmƒt´Pv D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. Iam-Xo-X-amb Cu Ku≠v thmƒt -PmWv Ce-IvtSm-W-nIv sshZypXn ao‰-dp-IsftISm-°p-∂-Xv. IqSmsX an∂epwsse\p-Iƒ Iq´n-ap- p-∂-Xp-Im-c-WhpwD≠mIp∂ Db¿∂ thmƒt´-Pn¬sshZypXn ao‰-dp-Iƒ tISm-Ip-∂p-≠v.

sshZypXn D]-t`m-K-Øns‚ AfhvAkw-Xp-e-\m-h-ÿ-bn-em-hp-tºmƒD≠m-Ip∂ \yqS¬ thmƒt´PvImcWw D]-t`m -‡m-°ƒ°vthmƒt´Pv Ipd-bp-∂p. hnX-cWsse\nse \yqS¬ F¿Øp sNbvXn-´p≈ kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ \yqS¬thmƒt´Pv Ipd-bv°p-∂-Xn\pw D]-t`m-‡m-°ƒ°v IrXy Af-hn¬thmƒt´Pv Hcp t]mse F√m-bn-SØpw e`n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

thmƒt´Pv Ipd-bp-∂-Xp-Im-cWwD]-t`m-‡m-°-fpsS sshZyp-tXm-]-I-c-W-ß-fpsS ]h¿Ø-\-£-aX KWy-ambn Ipd-bp-∂-Xn-eqsS D]-t`mKwIpd-bp-Ibpw D]-I-c-W-ßƒ Iam-Xo-X-ambn NqSmbn Ah-bpsS Bbp¿-ssZ¿Lyw Ipd-bp-hm\pw CS-bm-Ip-∂p. \yqS¬ sse\nse F¿ØnwKpwSm≥kvt^m¿a-dp-I-fpsS Sm∏nwKvkvÃm≥tU¿Uv A\p-k-cn-®pambn-cp-∂m¬ D]-t`m-‡m-°ƒ°v th≠Xthmƒt -Pn¬ sshZypXn e`n°pw. D]-t`mKw IqSp-∂-Xn-eqsS C°m-c-W-Øm¬ sshZyp-tXm-]-tbmKw IqSp-∂p.t_m¿Uns‚ hcp-am\Ønse Ipdhv]cn-l-cn-°p-hm\pw Ign-bp-∂p.

thmƒt´Pv Ipd-bp-tºmƒ hnX-cW sse\n¬ Id≠v h¿≤n-°p-∂p.h¿≤nX Id≠v sse\nse dknÃ≥-kp-ambn tN¿∂v hnX-cW sse≥NqSm-Ip-∂-Xn\pw AXn-eqsS h≥tXm-Xn¬ sshZypXn \jvSw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\pw CS-bm-Ip-∂p.

sshZypXn t_m¿Uns‚ 2015- 16kmº-ØnI h¿j-Ønse ]h¿-knÃw ÿnXn-hn-h-c-°-W-°-\p-k-cn®v BsI hnX-cWw sNbvXsshZypXn 22727.34 Zi-e£wbqWn‰pw AXn¬ hcp-am-\-am-°m-\m-bXv 19513.80 Zi-e£w bqWn‰vsshZyp-Xn-bpam-Wv. hn¬°m≥ Ign-bmsX \jvS-amb sshZyp-Xn-bpsSaqeyw 1500 tImSn cq]-tbmfw hcpw.C≥Uy≥ Ãm≥tU¿Uv ]Im-c-ap≈Du¿P amt\-Pvsa‚n\m¬ ]kvXpX\jvSw KWy-ambn Ipd-bv°mw.

Fkv. hnP-b≥

No v FUn-‰¿


OURViewsA\¥-IrjvW≥.Fw.Pn P\-d¬ skI´dn

kzX¥ C¥ybv°v Fgp-]Xvhb- m-bn´pw Imcy-amb am‰-ß-fn-√msX XpS¿∂p-h∂ \nIpXn hyh-ÿbv°v kaq-e-amb am‰w hcp-Øn-s°m≠v Nc°v tkh\ \nIpXn(Goods and Service Tax) \ne-hn¬h∂p. Pq¨ 30˛mw XobXn A¿≤-cm-Xn-bnse ]m¿e-sa‚ v ktΩ-f-\-tØm-Sp-IqSn H‰ \nIpXn LS-\-bn-tebv°vcmPyw ]th-in-®p. GI-tZiw 15Hmfw h¿j-ßfmbn XpS-cp∂ Zo¿L-Im-esØ N¿®-Iƒ°pw hmZ-]-Xn-]m-Z-ßƒ°pw tij-amWv GIo-IrX\nIpXn hyhÿ bmYm¿∞y-am-b-Xv.PΩq-Im-ivao¿ Xe-ÿm-\-amb io\-K-dn¬ tN¿∂ Nc°p tkh\\nIpXn \n¿Æb Iu¨kn¬ 1200Hmfw Nc-°p-Iƒ°v _m[-I-amb\nIpXn \nc-°p-Iƒ ]Jym-]n-®n-´p-≠v. ]pXnb \nIpXn hyhÿ \ne-hn¬ h∂ Znhkw apX¬ hnhn[kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ Cu \nc-°p-Iƒ_m[-I-am-bn-cn-°pw.

GsXmcp \nIpXn hyh-ÿ-bnepw auen-I-amb am‰-ßƒ hcp-Øp -tºmƒ Hcp hn`m -K -Øn\v\jvShpw as‰mcp hn`m-K-Øn\vem`hpw D≠m-IpI km[m-c-W-am-Wv.F∂m¬ Nc°v tkh\ \nIp-Xn-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ Cu c≠p km[y-X-Ifpw D≠m-bn-´n-√. em` \jvS-an√mØ am‰-am-bn-cn°pw GST bpsShc-thmsS D≠m-hpI. AXp-sIm-≠mWv CXns\ dh\yq \yqS¬BsW∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. \mevkvfm_p-Iƒ amX-ap≈ ]pXnb\nIpXn LS-\bv°v Hcp ]ptcm-K-a\

Nc°v tkh\ \nIpXn]Xo£-Ifpw Bi-¶-Ifpw

]cn-thjw D≠v. a‰p cmPy-ß-fn¬\ne-\n¬°p∂ kam\ cq]-Øn-ep≈ \nIpXn hyh-ÿ-I-fn¬\n∂pw Nc°p tkh\ \nIp-Xnsbth¿s]-SpØn \n¿Øp-∂Xpw CXm-Wv. kzØn-s‚ DS-a-ÿ-Xbnepw hcp-am -\ -Øn-s‚ \ne-hm -c -Øneppw[mcmfw Akz-a -Ø-ßƒ \ne-\n¬°p∂ C¥y-bn¬ hnX-c-W-ta-J-e-bnse A\o-Xn-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Sphm-\p≈ ]cn-i-a-ßsf ]nt∂m-´-Sn-°p∂XmWv \ne-hnse \nIpXnhyh-ÿ-bnse k¶o¿Æ-X-Iƒ.CØcw k¶o¿Æ-X-Iƒ Hgn-hm-°m≥Nc°v tkh\ \nIpXn t]mse]ptcm-K-a\ kz`m-h-ap-≈Xpw efn-X-hp-amb Hcp \nIpXn kº-Zmbw aqewIgn-bp-sa∂v ]Xym-in-°mw.

2015 sabv amk-Øn¬ GST t`Z-KXn _n¬ temIvk` ]mkm-°n-sb-¶nepw 2016 BK-Ãn¬ amX-amWv

cmPy-k- -bpsS AwKo-Imcw e`n-®-Xv.2016 sk]vXw-_¿ 8 \v `c-W-L-S\t`Z-KXn \nbaw 101 \ne-hn¬ hcp-Ibpw sNbvXp. 2016 sk]vXw-_¿15 \v GST Iu¨kn¬ t\m´n- n-t°-j≥ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®tXm-Sp-IqSn Nc°vtkh\ \nIp-Xn-bn-te-bv°p≈ am‰-Øn\v XpS-°-am-bn. bqWn-b≥ [\-Im-cy-a¥n sNb¿am-\mbpw kwÿm-\-ß-fpsS dh\yq Nm¿÷p≈ tIµa¥nbpw, kwÿm-\-ß-fnse [\-Im-cy-a-¥n-amcpw tN¿∂-Xm-Wv GST

Iu¨kn¬. GST Npa-Øp-hm\pwHgn-hm-°-s∏-Sp-hm-\p-ap≈ km[-\-ßfpw tkh-\-ßfpw GsXm-°-bm-sW∂pw Ah-bpsS \nc-°p-Iƒkw_-‘n®v Xocp-am-\-ß-sf-Sp-t°-≠Xpw GST Iu¨kn-em -Wv .kwÿm-\-ßƒ XΩnepw, tIµhpwkwÿm-\hpw XΩnepw GST Imcy-Øn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ X¿°-ßƒ N¿®-I-


fn-eqsS ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-tS≠ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw GST Iu¨kn-en¬\n£n-]vX-am-Wv. GST Iu¨kn-en¬lmP-cm-bn-cn-°p∂ AwK-ß-fpsS\men¬ aq∂v `qcn -]-£-tØmSvamXta Iu¨kn-en\v Xocp-am-\-ßƒ ssIs°m-≈m-\m-hq.

Nc°v tkh\ \nIpXn \S-∏n-em-°p-tºmƒ hne-Isf kw_-‘n®pw km[-\-ß-fpsS e`y-Xsbkw_-‘n-®p-ap≈ Bi-¶-I-fmWvP\-ßƒ°p-≈-Xv. hne-°-b-‰-Øn\v

Hm¨sse≥ P\-d¬ Sm≥kv ¿\S-]-Sn-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´v Poh-\-°m-cpsS CS-bn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂Bi-¶-Ifpw A\n-›n-X-Xzhpw Cu]w‡n-bn-eqsS Ign-™-am-khpwt_m¿Uv A[nIm-cn-I-fpsS i≤-bn¬s∏Sp-Øn-b-Xm-Wv. Hm¨sse≥P\-d¬ Sm≥kv -dp-ambn _‘-s∏ vPoh-\-°m-cpsS k¿∆okv C≥UIvkvXøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn t_m¿Uv DØ-c-hn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ ka-hm-Iy-Øns‚ ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ ]e-th-Zn-bnepwkwL-S\ D∂-bn-®-Xm-Wv.. B ka-hmIyw D]-tbm-Kn®v C≥UIvkvXøm-dm-°p-tºmƒ D≠m-Ip∂ \oXn-]q¿∆-a-√mØ hyXym-k-ßfpw kwL-S\ Nq≠n-°m- n-bn-cp-∂p. C≥UIvkvIW-°m-°p∂ coXn°p ]pdta^vfmKnUv t]mÃp-I-fpsS Imcy-Ønepw, hS-°≥ Pn√-bnse Poh-\-°m-cpsS Ipdhv ]cn-l-cn-°p-hm≥sX°≥ Pn√-bnse Poh-\-°m-cpsSFÆ-Ønepw Ipdhv hcp-Øp-∂-Xn-s\-Xn-scbpw \ΩpsS kwL-S\ ]c-ky-\n-e-]m-sS-Sp-Øn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. Cuhnjbw Db¿Øn-s°m≠v kwL-S\]kn-≤o-I-cn® t\mókpw ]N-cW

km[y-X-bn-s√∂pw Aan-X-em`w FSp-°m≥ ian -°p -∂-h¿s°-XnscI¿i\ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ D≠m-Ip-sa∂pwk¿°m¿ Bh¿Øn®v ]d-bp-∂p.IrXna hne-°-b‰w krjvSn-°p-∂-h¿s°-Xnsc B‚o t]m^n-‰n-b-dnwKv]Imcw \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥GST Iu¨kn-en\v A[n-Im-c-ap≠v.Nc°v tkh\ \nIpXn \ne-hn¬h∂-tXmsS an° D¬∏-\-ß-fp-sSbpwhne Ipd-bp-sa∂v ]Xo-£n-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw ]e-ta-J-e-bnepw AanX

P\-d¬ Sm≥kv^¿ \S-]-Sn-IƒthK-Øn-em-°-Ww

]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw Poh-\-°m-cpsSBi-¶-Iƒ shfn-hm-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ t_m¿UnseHmô-k¿amcpsS CS-bn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ Bi-¶-I-fp-sSbpw A\n-›n-X-Xz -Øns‚bpw Bghpw ]c∏pwt_m¿Uv A-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS i≤-bn¬s∏-Sp-Øm≥ \ΩpsS ]N-c-W-ßƒ°m-bn.

k¿∆okv C≥UIvkv IW-°m-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ka-hm-Iy-Øn¬ Nne-am-‰-ßƒ hcp-Øp-hm≥ t_m¿U-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ Xøm-dm-b-Xns\ kwL-S\ kzmK-Xw sNøp-I-bm-Wv. B ka-hm-Iy-hp-ambn _‘-s∏ v \Ωƒ D∂-bn-®n-cp∂Bi-¶-Iƒ°v Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc ]cn-lmcw ImWm≥ ]pXnb CtIz-j\vBhpw F∂mWv ]Xo-£n-°p-∂Xv.h\nXm Poh-\-°m¿°v ]tXyI ]cn-KW \¬Ip-hm-\p≈ Xocp-am-\hpw,sUman-ssk-bn¬ tÃj-\n¬ tPmensNøp∂ Hmô-k¿am¿°v 3 h¿j-tØ-°v Ah¿ tPmen sNøp∂ko‰n¬ s]mÍvSv sNbvXv \n¿Øp-hm-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-Ifpw ]pXnb am\-Z-WvU-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\p≈Xocp-am-\-sØbpw kwL-S\ kzmKXw

sNøp-I-bm-Wv.\Ωƒ Db¿Øn-°m-ńb Bi-¶-

I-fn¬ NneXv ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-´p-sh-¶nepw ^vfmKnUv t]mÃp-I-fp-tS-X-S°w ]e-\-S-]-Sn-Ifpw kpXm-cy-a-√msX XpS-cp-∂Xv tJZI-c-am-Wv.G]n¬, sabv amktØmsS ]q¿Øn-bm-tI-≠n-bn-cp∂ P\-d¬ Sm≥kv ¿\S-]-Sn -Iƒ CX sshIn-bn´pw]q¿Øn-bm-°p-hm-\m-bn- n-√. Ign™P\-d¬ Sm≥kv -dn¬ hnXqc ÿe-ß-fn-tebv°v ÿew amdn-t∏mb Poh-\-°m¿°v P\-d¬ Sm≥kv^¿ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Cu coXn-bn¬ sshIp-∂XvISpØ Bi-¶-Iƒ°v Imc-W-am-bn-´p-≠v. ]pXnb CtIz-j≥ D]-tbm-Kn®vk¿∆okv C≥UIvkv ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw Poh-\-°m¿°v do Hm]vj≥\¬Ip-hm-\p≈ Ah-kcw FXbpws]´∂v D≠m-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv. Poh-\-°m-cpsS Bi-¶fpw BIp-e-X-Ifpw]cn-l-cn-®p-sIm≠v \oXn-]q¿∆hpwkpXm-cy-hp-amb P\-d¬ Sm≥kv ¿ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂Xn\p≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ t_m¿Uvamt\Pvsa‚ns‚ `mK-Øp-\n∂pwD≠m-I-Ww.

Nm¿÷v CuSm-°p∂ ]h-WXImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. GST h∂-tXmsS 80%DXv]-∂-ßƒ°pw \nIpXn Ipd-™p.AXns‚ B\p-Iqeyw P\-ßƒ°vIn´p∂ coXn-bn¬ IqSp-X¬ e-]-Z-amb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ D≠m-tI-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Kh¨sa‚ns‚ ka-tbm-Nn-X-amb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ X¬]-c-I-£n-I-fpsS hne-°-b‰w krjvSn°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Xncp-Øp-∂-Xn\v Imc-W-ambn F∂Xv]iw-k-\o-b-am-Wv.

G]n¬, sabv amktØmsS ]q¿Øn-bm-tI-≠n-bn-cp∂ P\-d¬ Sm≥kv^¿ \S-]-Sn-IƒCX sshIn-bn´pw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-hm-\m-bn- n-√. Ign™ P\-d¬ Sm≥kv -dn¬

hnXqc ÿe-ß-fn-tebv°v ÿew amdn-t∏mb Poh-\-°m¿°v P\-d¬ Sm≥kv^¿ \S-]-Sn-IƒCu coXn-bn¬ sshIp-∂Xv ISpØ Bi-¶-Iƒ°v Imc-W-am-bn- p-≠v.


Pq¨ 30\v A¿-≤-cm-Xn-bn¬ N-c-°p tk-h-\ \n-Ip-Xn (Kp-Uv-kv B≥-Uv k¿-ho-kv Sm-Iv-kv- -Pn-F-kv-Sn) \n-e-hn¬-h-cn-I-bm-Wv. tI-µ- -kw-ÿm-\k¿-°m-cp-Iƒ A-Xm-tLm-j-am-°m≥Xo-cp-am-\n-®n- p-≠v. 1954 ¬ ^m≥-kn-epw Xp-S¿-∂p-≈ Im-e-L- -Øn¬ tem-I-sØ hn-hn-[-cm-Py-ß-fn-epw -e-]-Z-am-bn \-S-∏n-em-°n-b \n-b-a-am-Wn-Xv.tem-I-Øv Pn-F-kv-Sn \-S-∏n-em-°p-∂ 152--m-a-Xv cm-Py-am-Wv C-¥y. Cu cm-Py-ß-

fn¬ _-ko¬, Im-\-U F-∂o cm-Py-ß-fn¬ am-X-am-Wv C-c- Pn-F-kv-Sn kw-hn-[m-\w \n-e-hn-ep-≈-Xv. Cu am-Xr-I-bm-Wv C-¥y-bpw kzo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv (tI-µ Pn-F-kv-Sn-bpw kw-ÿm-\ Pn-F-kv-Sn-bpw). C-¥y-bn¬ Cu hn-j-b-Øn¬ N¿-® Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv 1993 ¬ B-Wv. H-t -sd I-S-º-Iƒ ]n-∂n- v 2014Un-kw-_-dn¬ 122- mw -c-W-L-S-\m t -Z-K-Xn-bn-eq-sS C-¥y-bpw Pn-F-kv-Sn-°vh-gn Xp-d-∂p. "H-cp cm-Pyw H-tc-H-cp \n-Ip-Xn, cm-Py-am-sI H-‰-°-tºm-fw'˛ Cu\n-b-a-Øn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\-X-Xzw C-Xm-Wv. "B-tKm-f-h¬-°-c-W-Øn-s‚ a-s‰m-cp ap-J-am-Wv Pn-F-kv-Sn' F-∂ hn-a¿-i-\w \n-e-hn-ep-≠v. Cu hn-a¿-i-\-Øn¬I-g-ºp-≠v. ]-Xo-£-I-fpw B-i-¶-I-fpwD-W¿-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv Cu \n-b-aw F-∂

Im-cy-Øn¬ X¿-°-an-√. F-∂m¬ C-Xn¬ \n-∂v am-dn-\n¬-°p-hm≥ I-gn-bp-∂ A-h-ÿ-bn-e-√ tI-c-fw Dƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈ kw-ÿm-\-ßƒ. cm-Py-Øn-\pwa-lm- q-cn-]-£w h-cp-∂ km-[m-c-W-°m-cm-b P-\-ßƒ-°pw Cu \n-b-aw F-ß-s\ ]-tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw F-∂ Nn-¥-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww tI-µ-sØ-bpw kw-ÿm-\-ß-sf-bpw C-\n \-bn-t°-≠-Xv. -c-W-Iq-Sw- h-gn-sX-‰p-tºmƒ C-S-s]-Sm≥s]m-Xp-k-aq-lw D-W¿-∂n-cp-∂n-s√-¶n¬,C-¥y-bn¬ \n-c-h-[n \n-b-a-ßƒ ap≥-]v \-S-∏n-em-°n-b-t∏mƒ kw- -hn-®-Xp-t]m-se, Cu \n-b-a-Øn-s‚ ]-tbm-P-\-hpw C-¥y-bn-se h≥-In-S hym-]m-cn-Iƒ-°m-bn am-dpw. A-h¿-°v A-an-X-em-`w e- n-°m-hp-∂ h-Ip-∏p-Iƒ \n-b-a-Øn¬ [m-cm-f-am-Wv. Cu \n-b-aw, \n-b-a-Øn-s‚ h-gn-°v t]m-bm¬ t]m-c,\n-b-aw P-\-ß-f-p-sS h-gn-°v h-c-Ww F-∂p Np-cp-°w.

tZ-io-b- -kw-ÿm-\ X-e-ß-fn-em-bn1800 ¬ A-[n-Iw ]-tcm-£-\n-Ip-Xn-I-fm-Wv (1400 ¬ A-[n-Iw D¬-∏-∂-ßƒ,400 ¬ A-[n-Iw tk-h-\-ßƒ) \n-e-hn-ep-≈-Xv. C-h-bv-°p ]-I-c-am-bn h-cp-∂ G-Io-Ir-X-hpw kw-tbm-Pn-X-hp-am-b\n-Ip-Xn-bm-Wv Pn-F-kv-Sn. H-cp \n-Ip-Xn, A-Xn-\p-]p-d-Øv a-s‰m-cp \n-Ip-Xn,

C-Xn-\p c-≠n-\pw ]p-d-sa aq-∂m-a-sXm-cp \n-Ip-Xn F-∂ A-h-ÿ ]p-Xn-b]-cn-jv-Im-c-tØm-sS C-√m-Xm-Ipw. C-t∏mƒ H-cp¬-∏-∂-Øn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\hn-e-bn≥-ta¬ F-Iv-ssk-kv Xo-cp-h-bp-≠v. A-Sn-ÿm-\ hn-e-bpw F-Iv-ssk-kv Xo-cp-h-bpw tN¿-∂p-≈ Xp-I-bn≥-ta¬ tI-µ hn¬-∏-\ \n-Ip-Xn-bp-≠v.C-sX-√mw tN¿-∂ hn-e-bn≥-ta¬ kw-ÿm-\ k¿-°m-cn-\v aq-ey-h¿-[-\ \n-Ip-Xn (hm-eyp B-U-Uv Sm-Iv-kv- -hm-‰v),hn-t\m-Z-\n-Ip-Xn, ]-th-i-\ \n-Ip-Xn,]-c-ky-\n-Ip-Xn, ]¿-t®-kv \n-Ip-Xn, kw-ÿm-\ k¿-Nm¿-Pp-Iƒ, Nq-Xm- \n-Ip-Xn F-∂n-h-bpw G¿-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ hy-h-ÿ-bp-≠v. C-Xn-s\-√mw ]-I-c-am-Wv Pn-F-kv-Sn F-∂ H-‰ \n-Ip-Xn h-cp-∂-Xv.D¬-∏-∂-ß-sf A-©m-bn Xn-cn-®v \n-Ip-Xn \n-›-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. (1) 0 i-X-am-\w, (2) 5 i-X-am-\w (3) 12 i-X-am-\w(4) 18 i-X-am-\w (5) 28 i-X-am-\w. Hm-tcm D¬-∏-∂-Øn-\pw F-X i-X-am-\w\n-Ip-Xn F-∂v C-Xn-\-Iw \n-›-bn-°-s∏- n- p-≠v.

D-]-t`m-‡m-hn-\pw k¿-°m-cn-\pwhm-Wn-Py- -hy-h-km-b ta-J-e-bv-°pw \n-b-aw Kp-W-I-c-am-Ip-sa-∂v H-‰-t\m-´-Øn¬ X-s∂ Im-Wm-\m-Ipw. Cu cw-K-Øv \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂ \n-Ip-Xn tNm¿-

ka-Im-enIwkn B¿ tPm-kv-]-Im-iv

Pn-F-kv-Sn-bpwtI-c-f-Øn-s‚ `m-hn-bpw


® H-cp h-en-b A-f-hp-h-sc-X-S-bm-\m-hpw. \n-Ip-Xn _m-lp-eyw Ip-d-bpw. A-°u-≠n-Mv F-fp-∏-am-Ipw. k-¶o¿-W-XH-gn-hm-Ipw. sN-°v-t]m-Ãp-I-fn-se ]-cn-tim-[-\-bpw ]o-U-\-hpw H-gn-hm-Ipw. N-c-°p-\o-°w th-K-Øn-em-Ipw. kw-ÿm-\-ßƒ X-Ωn-ep-≈ a-’-c-hpw Ip-Sn-∏-I-bpw H-gn-hm-Ipw. ssI-°q-en-bpw am-^n-b-I-fp-sS C-S-s]-S-epw H-cp ]-cn-[nh-sc A-h-km-\n-°pw. \n-Ip-Xn I-W-°m-°p-∂-Xv kp-Xm-cy-am-Ipw. cm-Py-am-sI H-‰-°-tºm-f-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\m¬ D¬-∏-∂w cm-Py-Øv F-hn-sS-\n-∂v hm-ßn-bm-epw hn-e-bn¬ Im-cy-am-b hy-Xym-kw D-≠m-In-√. \n-tXym-]-tbm-K km-[-\-ß-fm-b A-cn, D-∏v, tKm-X-ºv, ]m¬,]-gw, ]-®-°-dn, ap- , a-’yw, amw-kwC-Xn-s\m-∂pw \n-Ip-Xn-bp-≠m-In-√. Po-h≥-c-£m a-cp-∂p-I-fp-sS \n-Ip-Xn A-©v i-X-am-\-am-bn Ip-d-bpw. \n-Ip-Xn"0' i-X-am-\w B-bn \n-›-bn-°p-I-tbmA-©v i-X-am-\w B-bn \n-›-bn-°p-I-tbm sN-bv-X-Xn-\m¬ an-° \n-tXym-]-tbm-K km-[-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw hn-e-bn¬Ip-d-hp-≠m-Ipw. C-e-Iv-tSm-Wn-Iv D¬-∏-∂-ßƒ-°pw \n-Ip-Xn Ip-d-bpw. X-t±-i ÿm-]-\-ßƒ Pq-sse H-∂v ap-X¬hn-t\m-Z-\n-Ip-Xn ]n-cn-hv A-h-km-\n-∏n-°pw. (C-Xp-h-gn D-≠m-Ip-∂ \-jv-Sw kw-ÿm-\ k¿-°m¿ \n-I-Øpw). B-sID¬-∏-∂-ß-fn¬ 82 i-X-am-\-Øn-\v "0'ap-X¬ 18 i-X-am-\w h-sc-bm-bn \n-Ip-Xn ]-cn-an-X-s∏-Spw. tI-µ- -kw-ÿm-\k¿-°m-cp-I-fp-sS \n-Ip-Xn h-cp-am-\-Øn¬ 15 ap-X¬ 20 i-X-am-\w h-sch¿-[-\-hp-≠m-Ipw. tI-µ-hpw kw-ÿm-\-hpw Pn.F-kv.-Sn- h-cp-am-\w Xp-ey-am-bn ]-¶p-h-bv-°pw. 500, 1000 cq-]-bp-sSt\m- p-Iƒ a-c-hn-∏n-®-Xn-s\ Xp-S¿-∂v cm-Py-Øn-s‚ h-f¿-®-\n-c-°n¬ h-en-b Ip-d-hp-≠m-bn. (6.1 %) Pn-F-kv-Sn, \-S-∏n-em-°p-tºmƒ h-f¿-®-\n-c-°n¬ h¿-[-\-hp-≠m-Ip-sa-∂m-Wv ]-Xo-£. k¿-°m¿ ÿm-]-\-ßƒ, s]m-Xp-ta-J-emÿm-]-\-ßƒ Xp-S-ßn 83 ÿm-]-\-ß-fp-sS k¿-ho-kn-\v Pn-F-kv-Sn-bn¬ \n-∂pw C-f-hp \¬-In-bn- p-≠v. C-Xn-s‚en-Ãv C-Xn-\-Iw ssk-‰n¬ ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®n- p-≠v. Cu \n-b-aw \-S-∏n-em-Ip-tºmƒ \n-Ip-Xn hy-h-ÿ-bv-°v ]p-d-Øp ]-h¿-Øn-®n-cp-∂ k-am-¥-c k-º-Zv-hy-h-ÿ A-kv-X-an-°m-\m-Wv km-

[y-X.C-\n Pn-F-kv-Sn \n-b-aw tI-c-f-Øn-

\v G-sX-√mw hn-[-Øn¬ ]-tbm-P-\-I-c-am-Ip-sa-∂v ]-cn-tim-[n-°mw. 50,000cq-]-bn¬ Iq-Sp-X¬ hn-e-bp-≈ km-[-\-ßƒ a-‰p kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ \n-∂psIm-≠p-h-cp-∂ h¿ _n¬ I-cp-X-Ww.kzm- m-hn-I-am-bpw a-‰p kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ \n-∂p-≈ D¬-∏-∂-ß-fp-sS h-c-hp\n-e-bv-°pw. a-e-bm-fn-Iƒ D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ km-[-\-ß-fn¬ ( -£y-h-kv-Xp-°ƒ,Xp-Wn-Ø-c-ßƒ, C-e-Iv-tSm-Wn-Iv-kvkm-[-\-ßƒ, B-Uw-_-c h-kv-Xp-°ƒDƒ-s∏-sS). 70- 80 i-X-am-\-hpw a-‰p kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ \n-∂pw h-cp-∂-Xm-Wv.C-Xn-s‚ t\- w _-‘-s∏- kw-ÿm-\-ßƒ-°m-Wv e- n-°p-∂-Xv. Hm -sse-\n-eq-sS D¬-∏-∂-ßƒ hm-ß¬ a-e-bm-fn-I-fn¬ \mƒ-°p-\mƒ i-‡n-s∏-´p-h-cn-I-bm-Wv. tIm-Sn-I-fp-sS h-cp-am-\\-jv-S-am-Wv C-hn-sS tI-c-f-Øn-\p-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. Pn-F-kv-Sn \n-e-hn¬ h-cp-

tºmƒ Cu ÿn-Xn-°v A-Sn-ap-Sn am-‰wkw- -hn-°pw. C-¥y-bn¬ F-hn-sS-\n-∂vkm-[-\w hm-ßn-bm-epw _n-√n¬ tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ hn-em-kw \¬-In-bm¬, A-Xn-s‚ hn-hn-[ L- -ß-fn¬ k-am-l-cn-® \n-Ip-Xn tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ J-P-\m-hn¬F-Øpw. C-Xn-eq-sS tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ \n-Ip-Xn-h-cp-am-\-Øn¬ 20- 22 i-X-am-\wh¿-[-\-hp-≠m-Ipw F-∂m-Wv ]-Xo-£.C-∂-sØ km-l-N-cy-Øn¬ C-Xv tI-c-f-Øn-\v ]-I¿-∂p \¬-Ip-∂ B-izm-kwsN-dp-X-√. C-Xp-h-sc tI-µ-Øn-\m-bn-cp-∂ tk-h-\-ß-fp-sS \n-Ip-Xn C-\nkw-ÿm-\-Øn-\pw In- pw F-∂-Xpw B-izm-k-I-c-am-Wv. sN-°v-t]m-Ãp-I-fn-sehm-l-\ ]-cn-tim-[-\-bpw K-Xm-K-X-Ip-cp-°pw H-gn-hm-Ipw. H-cp-hn- m-Kw hym-]m-cn-Iƒ \-S-Øp-∂ \n-Ip-Xn sh- n-∏n¬h-en-b X-I¿-®-bp-≠m-Ipw. A-gn-a-Xn-bn¬ Im-cy-am-b Ip-d-hp-≠m-Ipw. \n-Ip-Xn-bp-sS Im-cy-Øn¬ kw-ÿm-\ k¿-°m-cp-Iƒ X-Ωn-ep-≈ X¿-°w A-h-km-\n-°p-∂-Xv G-‰-hpw ]-tbm-P-\-I-c-am-Ip-∂-Xv tI-c-f-Øn-\p X-s∂-bm-Wv.Pn.-F-kv.Sn \-S-∏n-em-Ip-tºmƒ 14 i-X-am-\w h-f¿-® tI-µw D-d-∏p-\¬-In-bn-´p-≠v. C-Xn¬ Ip-d-hp-≠m-bm¬ B Xp-I \-jv-S-]-cn-lm-c-am-bn, tI-µw kw-ÿm-\-Øn-\p \¬-Ipw. Im-cy-ßƒ ]-Xo-£n-°p-∂-hn-[w ap-t∂m- p t]m-bm¬I-a-k-am-[m-\-cw-K-Øp t]m-epw Pn-F-kv-Sn \-S-∏n-em-°¬ Kp-W-I-c-am-b am-‰w kr-jv-Sn-°pw.

t\-´-ßƒ F-Æn-sb-Æn ]-d-bp-tºm-gpw Pn-F-kv-Sn-bp-sS `m-hn F-ß-s\-bm-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂v C-t∏mƒ ]-d-bp-

D-]-t`m-‡m-hn-\pwk¿-°m-cn-\pw hm-Wn-Py-˛-hy-h-km-b ta-J-e-bv-°pw\n-b-aw Kp-W-I-c-am-Ip-sa-∂v H-‰-t\m- -Øn¬ X-s∂Im-Wm-\m-Ipw.Cu cw-K-Øv \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂ \n-Ip-Xn tNm¿-®H-cp h-en-b A-f-hp-h-sc-X-S-bm-\m-hpw.


I km-[y-a-√. tI-µ k¿-°m¿ Zp-jv-S-em-t°m-sS \o-ßn-bm¬ H-t∂m A-Xn-e-[n-I-tam kw-ÿm-\-ß-fp-sS km-º-Øn-I \n-e-sb Pn-F-kv-Sn D-]-tbm-Kn-®v X-I¿-°m-\m-Ipw. Cu \n-b-a-Øn-eq-sS kw-ÿm-\-ß-fp-sS \n-Ip-Xn kzm-X-¥yw \-jv-S-am-Ip-∂p F-∂-Xm-Wn-Xn-\p Im-c-Ww. a-s‰m-cp Im-cyw, tI-µk¿-°m¿ Pm-K-X-Im- n-bn-s√-¶n¬ \n-Ip-Xn-bn¬ D-≠m-Ip-∂ Ip-d-hv, D-]-t`m-‡m-°-fn¬ F-Øm-sX tIm¿-∏-td-‰v i-‡n-I-fn¬ tI-µo-I-cn-°m-\p-≈ km-[y-X- i-‡-am-Wv F-∂-Xm-Wv. H-cp h¿-jw H-∂-c-e-£w tIm-Sn cq-]-h-sc Cß-s\ Ip-Ø-I-I-fp-sS ssI-bn¬ F-Ømw. Pn-F-kv-Sn \n-b-a-Øn-se 171- mwh-Ip-∏p ]-Im-cw, A-an-X-em- w Cu-Sm-°p-∂-Xv X-S-bp-∂-Xn-\p-≈ N- -ßƒkr-jv-Sn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. F-∂m¬ A-Xn-\n-bpw D-≠m-bn- n-√. ]m-h-s∏- -h-sc t\-cn- p _m-[n-°n-√-sb-¶n-epw Nn-e D¬-∏-∂-ß-fp-sS \n-Ip-Xn-bn¬ h¿-[-\-hp-≠m-Ipw F-∂-Xpw h-kv-Xp-X-bm-Wv. tI-µ-k¿-°m-cpw kw-ÿm-\-ß-fpw X-Ωn¬ \-S-∂ N¿-®-bn¬ Cu \n-b-a-sØ kw-ÿm-\-ßƒ-°v Kp-W-I-c-am-°n am-‰p-∂-Xn¬ tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ [-\-a-¥n tUm. tXm-a-kv sF-k-Iv h-en-b]-¶m-Wv h-ln-®-Xv. A-Xn-s‚ ]-tbm-P-\w tI-c-f-Øn-\v ]-tXy-I-am-bn e- n-°pw. A-\y-kw-ÿm-\ tem- -dn hn¬-∏-\-bv-°v 28 i-X-am-\w \n-Ip-Xn \n-›-bn-®-Xv H-cp-Zm-l-c-Ww am-Xw. Cu hn-j-b-Øn¬ ]m¿-e-sa‚pw \n-c-h-[n \n-b-a-k- -I-fpw _n¬ ]m-km-°n-sb-¶n-epw tI-c-f \n-b-a-k- _n¬ ]m-km-°n-bn- n-√. H-t -sd-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ G-Xm-\pw Zn-h-k-ßƒ-°v ap≥-]p-am-X-am-Wvhy-‡-X ssI-h-∂-Xv F-∂-Xn-\m-em-Wn-Xv F-∂m-Wv [-\-a-¥n ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.GXm-bm-epw K-h¿-W¿ H-∏n- Hm¿-Un-\≥-kv \n-e-hn¬ h-∂-Xn-\m¬ tI-c-f-hpw Pn-F-kv-Sn-bn¬ ]-¶m-fn-bm-bn I-gn-™p. Cu \n-b-aw \-S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈ X-øm-sd-Sp-∏n¬ N-Wv-Un-K-Uv,B-‘, a-lm-cm-jv-S F-∂o kw-ÿm-\-ßƒ I-gn-™m¬ \memw ÿm-\wtI-c-f-Øn-\m-Wv.

s]-tSmƒ, Uo-k¬, a-Zyw, ]m-N-I-Kym-kv, Ãm-ºv-Syq- n, c-Pn-kv-tS-j≥F-∂n-h-sb Pn-F-kv-Sn-bn¬ Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- n-√. hn-Zym- ym-k sk-kv, tdm-

Uv sk-kv F-∂n-h Xp-S-cpw. tI-µ- -kw-ÿm-\ k¿-°m-cp-Iƒ, \n-Ip-Xn ]n-cn-hn-\p-≈ ]-c-am-[n-Im-cw H-cp-an-®ptN¿-Øm-Wv Pn-F-kv-Sn-°v cq-]w \¬-In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. C-Xp-]-Im-cw tk-h-\-ß-sf hn-hn-[ tk-h-\ tIm-Up-I-fn-em-Wv X-cw Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. H-tc-k-a-b-Øv tI-µ- -kw-ÿm-\ k¿-°m-cp-IƒD¬-∏-∂-ßƒ-°pw tk-h-\-ßƒ-°pw\n-Ip-Xn Np-a-Øpw. A-h G-sXm-s°-sb-∂v \n-›-bn-®p-I-gn-™n- p-≠v. tI-µ Pn-F-kv-Sn tI-µ-hpw kw-ÿm-\ Pn-F-kv-Sn kw-ÿm-\-ß-fpw Np-a-Øp-I-bpw A-Xv ]n-cn-s®-Sp-°p-I-bpw sN-øpw.A-¥¿ kw-ÿm-\ \n-Ip-Xn-Iƒ Ir-Xy-am-bn Np-a-Øm-\pw ]n-cn-°m-\pw kw-tbm-Pn-X (C‚-tK-‰-Uv) Pn-F-kv-Sn \n-

k-hpw 20\v ap≥-]v, ap≥-am-k-sØ \n-Ip-Xn A-S-®n-cn-°-Ww. km-[m-c-W c-Pn-kv-tS-j-\p-≈-h¿ am-kw tXm-dpw dn-t´¨ -b¬ sN-ø-Ww. C-Xn¬ ho-gv-N h-cp-Øp-∂-h¿ Zn-h-kw 100 cq-] ho-Xw ]n-g A-S-bv-°-Ww. hym-]m-cn-Iƒ-°v ]-cm-Xn-bp-s≠-¶n¬ A-Xv Hm -sse-\m-bn k-a¿-∏n-°-Ww. A-Xn≥-ta¬ \n-›n-X k-a-b-Øp-X-s∂ Xo-cp-am-\w D-≠m-Ipw. I-ºyq- ¿ irw-J-e-bn-eq-sS cq-]w sIm-≈p-∂ h-kv-Xp-X-I-fpw I-W-°p-I-fpw _-‘-s∏- k¿-°m-cn-\pw hym-]m-cn-°pw D¬-∏m-Z-I-\pw e-`n-°p-∂ I-ao-I-c-Ww Ip-‰-a-‰-co-Xn-bn¬D-d-∏m-°p-I ]-[m-\-s∏- kw-K-Xn-bm-Wv. H-∂n-e-[n-Iw kw-cw- -ß-fp-≈ H-cp hy-‡n H-∂n-e-[n-Iw c-Pn-kv-tS-j≥

e-hn¬ h-cpw. F-√m \n-Ip-Xn-I-fpwHm -sse-\n-eq-sS am-X-ta A-S-bv-°m-\m-hq. \n-Ip-Xn sh- n-∏v X-S-bm-\m-bnC-e-Iv-tSm-Wn-Iv kw-hn-[m-\w D-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øpw. C-Xm-Wv C- -th- -_n¬kw-hn-[m-\w. hm¿-jn-I hn-‰p-h-c-hv 20e-£-Øn¬ Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈ hym-]m-cn-IƒCu \n-b-a-]-Im-cw c-Pn-Ã¿ sN-ø-Ww.

C-¥y-bn¬ Pn-F-kv-Sn irw-J-e-bn¬85 e-£w t]¿ D-≠m-hpw F-∂p I-W-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. C-h-sc-√mw \n-Ip-Xn A-S-bv-°-Ww. A-Xn¬ 2.11 e-£wt]¿ tI-c-f-Øn¬-\n-∂p-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°pw. tI-c-f-Øn¬ \n-∂v Cu \n-b-a-]-Im-cw c-Pn-Ã¿ sN-tø-≠-h-cn¬ 1.94e-£w hym-]m-cn-Iƒ C-Xn-\-Iw c-Pn-Ã¿ sN-bv-Xp-I-gn-™p. c-Pn-kv-tS-j≥Dƒ-s∏-sS F-√m Im-cy-ß-fpw Hm -sse-\n¬ th-Ww sN-øm≥. F-√m am-

F-Sp-Øm¬ A-h Hm-tcm-∂pw ]-tXy-Iw ]-tXy-I-am-bn I-W-°m-°pw. C-hX-Ωn-ep-≈ C-S-]m-Sp-Iƒ-°pw \n-Ip-Xn_m-[-I-am-Wv.

Pn-F-kv-Sn \n-b-aw -e-]-Z-am-bn \-S-∏n-em-bn-°-gn-™m¬ `m-hn-bn¬ \n-Ip-Xn-bn¬ Ip-d-hp h-cp-Øm-\m-Ipw. a-‰p cm-Py-ß-fp-sS A-\p- -hw A-Xm-Wv.bq-tdm-]y≥ bq-Wn-b-\n-epw \yq-kn-em‚n-epw Pn. F-kv. ‰n 15 i-X-am-\wB-sW-¶n¬ ssN-\-bn¬ G-gv i-X-am-\-hpw P-∏m-\n-epw Im-\-U-bn-epw A-©v i-X-am-\-hp-am-Wv. k-¶o¿-W-ß-fm-b H-t -sd hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ Cu \n-b-a-Øn-ep-≠v. Pn-F-kv-Sn \n-b-aw, A-Xn-se \n-_-‘-\-Iƒ, \-S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ,C- -th _n¬ kw-hn-[m-\w C-h B-g-Øn¬ a-\-kn-em-°p-I F-fp-∏-a-√. A-Xn-\v k-a-b-sa-Sp-°pw. C-\n-bpw H-t -


sd Im-cy-ß-fn¬ tI-µ k¿-°m-cpw kw-ÿm-\ k¿-°m-cp-I-fpw X-Ωn¬ [m-c-W D-≠m-tI-≠-Xp-≠v. N- -ßƒ D-≠m-tI-≠-Xp-≠v. kw-ÿm-\-ßƒ X-Ωn-ep-≈ X¿-° hn-j-b-ß-fpw _m-°n-bm-Wv. F-¶n-epw A-h-ti-jn-°p-∂ ]-iv-\-ß-fpw \n-b-aw \-S-∏n-em-°n Xp-S-ßp-tºmƒ D-b¿-∂p-h-cp-∂ ]-iv-\-ß-fpwA-h-[m-\-X-tbm-sS ssI-Im-cyw sN-øm≥ k¿-°m-cp-Iƒ-°v (Pn-F-kv-SnIu -kn-en-\v) I-gn-bpw F-∂ hn-izm-k-am-Wv s]m-Xp-sh D-≈-Xv.

tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ k-º-Zv-L-S-\-bv-°v Pn-F-kv-Sn H-cp Xm-ßm-hpw F-∂ ]-Xo-£-bm-Wp-≈-Xv F-∂v t\-c-sØ ]-d-™p. F-∂m¬ A-Xp-sIm-≠p-am-Xwkp-c-£n-X-am-Ip-∂ H-cp k-º-Zv-L-S-\-b-√ \-ap-°p-≈-Xv. 2017 Pq¨ H-∂n-se I-W-°p-]-Im-cw 1,83,310 tIm-Sncq-]-bm-Wv tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ s]m-Xp-I-Sw.2016- 17 se s]m-Xp-I-S-Øn-\v H-cp h¿-jw 13, 631 tIm-Sn cq-] ]-en-i \¬-I-Ww. am-X-hp-a-√ s]m-Xp-I-S-Øn-s‚47.41 i-X-am-\w 2023 \v ap-ºv Xn-cn-®-S-bv-°p-I-bpw th-Ww. \-S-∏p km-º-Øn-I h¿-j-sØ B-sI h-cp-am-\w 93,584tIm-Sn cq-]-bm-sW-¶n¬ sN-e-hv 1,09,627tIm-Sn-bm-Wv. I-Ωn 16047 F-∂m-Wv _-P-‰n¬ ]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv F-¶n-epw C-Xv 23,140 tIm-Sn-bm-Ip-sa-∂m-Wv dn-k¿-hv _m-¶v I-W-°p Iq- p-∂-Xv. 1956 ap-X¬ 2011 h-sc-bp-≈ 55 h¿-jw-sIm-≠v tI-c-f-Øn-\p-≠m-b B-sI I-Sw78,673 tIm-Sn cq-]-bm-bn-cp-∂p. F-∂m¬Xp-S¿-∂p-≈ A-©v h¿-jw sIm-≠v I-Sw 1,67,302 tIm-Sn cq-]-bm-bn D-b¿-∂p.55 h¿-jw sIm-≠p-≠m-b I-S-Øn-s‚C-c- n-bn-e-[n-Iw I-Sw I-gn-™ bp-Un-F- v k¿-°m¿ A-©v h¿-jw-sIm-≠vh-cp-Øn-h-®p. \n-b-¥-W-an-√m-sX I-Sw hm-ßn-b-Xp-sIm-≠p am-X-a-√ I-Sws]-cp-In-b-Xv., \n-Ip-Xn ]n-cn-hn-se A-\m-ÿ-bpw A-gn-a-Xn-bpw A-tXm-sSm-∏w tN¿-∂p F-∂-Xm-Wv h-kv-Xp-X.

Kp-cp-X-c-am-b km-º-Øn-I X-I¿-®-bn¬ tI-c-fw F-Øn-\n-∂ L- -Øn-em-Wv F¬-Un-F- v A-[n-Im-c-Øn¬h-∂-Xv. Xp-S-°-Øn¬-X-s∂ \n-Ip-Xn]n-cn-hv Du¿-Pn-X-am-°m-\pw tI-c-f _m-¶v cq-]o-I-cn-°m-\pw "In- v-_n' F-∂\q-X-\-]-≤-Xn B-hn-jv-I-cn-°m-\pw \-S-]-Sn kzo-I-cn-®p. F-∂m¬ C-Sn-Øo-

t]m-se ho-W- t\m- p-a-c-hn-∏n-°¬ F-√m ]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw Xm-fw sX-‰n-®p. hn¬-∏-\ \n-Ip-Xn, Ãm-ºv Uyq-´n, hm-l-\ \n-Ip-Xn Xp-S-ßn F-√m-Øn-epw Ip-d-hp-≠m-bn. C-t∏mƒ Im-cy-ß-fn¬ ho-≠pw sN-dn-b ]p-tcm-K-Xn h-∂p Xp-S-ßn-bn- p-s≠-∂p am-Xw.]-s£ I-S-s°-Wn-bn¬ \n-∂p-≈ tam-N-\w A-I-se-bm-Wv. I-gn-™ am-k-hpw 1000 tIm-Sn cq-] s]m-Xp-am¿-°-‰n¬ \n-∂v k¿-°m-cn-\v hm-bv-] F-Sp-t°-≠n-h-∂p.

2017- 18 ¬ tI-c-f-Øn-\v hn¬-∏-\-\n-Ip-Xn-bn-eq-sS 42,187 tIm-Sn cq-] k-am-l-cn-°m-\m-Ip-sa-∂m-Wv I-W-°m-°p-∂-Xv. Pn-F-kv-Sn \-S-∏n-em-°p-tºmƒ C-Xn¬ 20- 22 i-X-am-\-Øn-s‚ h¿-≤-\-hp-≠m-Ip-sa-∂m-Wv ]-Xo-£. A-ß-s\-sb-¶n¬ hn¬-∏-\ \n-Ip-Xn-bn-eq-sS50,000 tIm-Sn cq-]-bn-e-[n-Iw h-cp-am-\-ap-≠m-Ipw. A-tXm-sSm-∏w tI-µ-hn-ln-X-Øn-epw h¿-[-\-hp-≠m-h-Ww. tI-µk¿-°m¿ Cu km-º-Øn-I h¿-jwB-sI sN-e-h-gn-°p-∂-Xv 21.47 e-£wtIm-Sn cq-]-bm-Wv. A-Xn-s‚ 24 i-X-am-\w kw-ÿm-\-ßƒ-°v In- pw. C-Xn¬

tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ hn-ln-Xw 16,891 tIm-Sncq-]-bm-Wv. C≥-Iw-Sm-Iv-kn-eq-sS tI-µwh≥ h¿-[-\-bm-Wv ]-Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xv.10 i-X-am-\w P-\-ß-sf C-Xn-s‚ ]-cn-[n-bn¬ sIm-≠p-h-cp-sa-∂v ]-[m-\-a-¥n-X-s∂ ]-Jym-]n-®p I-gn-™p. tem-I am¿-°-‰n¬ s]-tSm-fn-bw D¬-∏-∂-ß-fp-sS hn-e Ip-d-bp-∂-Xpw C-¥y-bn¬F-Æ D¬-∏-∂-ß-fn≥-ta-ep-≈ \n-Ip-Xn D-b¿-Øp-∂-Xpw h-cp-am-\-h¿-[-\-hn-\v Im-c-W-am-Ip-∂p-≠v. C-Xn-\p-]p-d-sa-bm-Wv Pn-F-kv-Sn \-S-∏n-em-°p-tºmƒe- n-°p-∂ A-[n-I h-cp-am-\w. C-¥y≥F-b¿-sse≥-kv Dƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈ s]m-Xp-ta-J-em ÿm-]-\-ßƒ H-s∂m-∂m-bn hn-‰-gn-°p-I-bm-Wv. C-Xpw tI-µ h-cp-am-\w h¿-[n-∏n-°pw. Cu h-gn-I-fn-eq-sS-sb-√mw \m-ep e-£w tIm-Sn cp-]-bp-sS A-[n-I-h-cp-am-\-am-Wv tI-µwe-£y-an-Sp-∂-Xv. A-Xn-s‚ hn-ln-Xw Iq-Sn kw-ÿm-\-ßƒ-°v \¬-Ip-hm≥ tI-µ-Øn-\v _m-[y-X-bp-≠v. A-ß-s\-sb-¶n¬ 4500 tIm-Sn cq-] Iq-Sn tI-c-f-Øn-\v e- n-°pw.

tIm¿-∏-td-‰v i-‡n-Iƒ-°v h-en-bkzm-[o-\-am-Wv tI-µ k¿-°m-cn-ep-≈-Xv. t\- -ß-fp-sS s]-cp-º-d ap-g-°n--h-cp-∂ ]-e \n-b-a-ß-fpw km-[m-c-W-°m¿-°v Kp-W-I-c-am-bn am-dm-dn-√ F-∂-Xm-Wv A-\p- -hw. Pn-F-kv-Sn \-S-∏n-em-°p-tºmƒ P-\-ßƒ Pm-K-X Im- -Ww F-∂v B-h¿-Øn-°p-∂-Xv A-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. D-Zm-l-c-W-Øn-\v Pn-F-kv-Sn L-S-\ ]-Im-cw km-[-\-ß-fp-sS ]-c-am-h-[n hn-e-bn-t∑¬ (Fw-B¿-]n)tI-µ k¿-°m-cn-\v \n-b-¥-Ww G¿-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-Ipw. A-ß-s\ hn-e \n-b-¥n-°m-\m-Ipw. ]-t£ tI-µ k¿-°m¿ C-°m-cy-Øn¬ Pm-K-X-tbm-sS ]-h¿-Øn-°pw F-∂v D-d-∏n-√. A-hn-sS-bm-Wv P-\-Io-b C-S-s]-S¬ ]-k-‡-am-Ip-∂-Xv. C-¥y-bn-se 15 kw-ÿm-\-ßƒ `m-hn-bn-epw H-cp-an-®p \n-∂m¬,tZm-l-I-c-am-b \o-°w tI-µ-Øn¬-\n-∂p-≠m-bm¬ t]m-epw A-Xn-s\ sN-dp-Øp tXm-ev-]n-°m-\m-Ipw. C-°m-cy-Øn¬ tI-c-f k¿-°m¿ Im- p-∂ Pm-K-X-sb sN-dp-Xm-bn I-≠p-Iq-S. A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂ P-\-ßƒ-°v Xm-ßm-Ip-∂, tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ k-º-Zv-L-S-\-bv-°vXm-ßm-Ip-∂ H-∂m-bn Pn-F-kv-Sn am-dp-sa-∂v ]-Xo-£n-°mw.n

2017- 18 ¬ tI-c-f-Øn-\vhn¬-∏-\-\n-Ip-Xn-bn-eq-sS

42,187 tIm-Sn cq-] k-am-l-cn-°m-\m-Ip-sa-∂m-Wv I-W-°m-°p-∂-Xv. Pn-F-kv-Sn \-S-∏n-em-

°p-tºmƒ C-Xn¬ 20- 22i-X-am-\-Øn-s‚ h¿-≤-\-hp-≠m-Ip-sa-∂m-Wv ]-Xo-£.


TRAIC based (dimmer or stepless type)regulator

A general circuit diagram of electronic TRIAC

based fan regulator is shown in the figure below.

motor to heat up and produce a

humming noise. Also, active

devices such as DIAC and

TRIAC being susceptible to

power supply transients, these

regulators have high failure rate.

Capacitive type (stepped)regulator

In a capacitive type fan

regulator, various combinations

of capacitors is used to control

the speed of the fan. Following

is the basic block diagram of a

capacitive type fan regulator.

The basic principle – voltage

across a capacitor is given as

Vc= Q/C where Q is the charge

and C is the capacitance.

According to this formula C ? 1/

Vc (or voltage across capacitor

is inversely proportional to the

capacitance). Hence, if

capacitance is increased then the

voltage across the capacitor

decreases allowing more voltage

across the fan motor. Hence, if

capacitance is increased, speed

of the fan motor also increases.

Capacitance is increased or

TECH

Fan Regulators andEnergy Savings

Resistor R1 is a variable resistor

(potentiometer) which is attached to a knob. This

knob controls the gate current of the TRIAC,

through a circuit consisting of a DIAC and a

capacitor (called as firing circuit). This gate

current controls the current flowing through the

TRIAC, consequently controlling the power fed to

the motor of the fan. Thus, the speed of the motor

(fan) is controlled.

This type of regulator offers stepless speed

control. They are expensive than resistive type

regulators. One main drawback of this type of

regulator is harmonic distortion, which causes fan


decreased in a capacitive type regulator by

connecting capacitors in different configurations.

For example, consider a regulator that consists 3

capacitors of 1 µF, 2.2 µF and 3.1 µF. When the

knob position is at 1, then only 2.2 µF capacitor

gets connected into the circuit. For knob position

2, only 3.1 µF capacitor gets connected. For knob

position 3, capacitors of 3.1 µF and 1 µF in parallel

configuration is connected so that equivalent

capacitance becomes 3.1+1=4.1 µF. For position

4, parallel configuration of 3.1 µF and 2.2 µF is

connected. And for the maximum speed, no

capacitor is connected in the circuit.

I don't know about all, but at least some of

these home and office devices operate using a

small PWM (pulse width modulation) controller.

When you turn a knob to adjust the speed, it

adjusts the duty cycle of the PWM wave [1].

with the fan. When we move the knob different

amount of resistance gets inserted in the circuit.

Although cheap the biggest problem with such a

regulator is that a considerable amount of energy

is lost in form of heat through the resistance. When

the fan is operating at low speed the power loss is

significant.

The technologically superior electronic

regulators overcome these problems by using

electronic components to control the speed of the

fan.

Some of the advantages of electronic fan

regulators are:

1. They provide a continuous speed control.

2. Power saving at all the speeds.

3. Smaller size and weight.

The heart of the electronic fan regulator is

TRIAC. TRIAC is a semiconductor device

belonging to the family of thyristors.

The most common household fan that comes

to mind has a 3 setting control dial and a shaded

pole motor. The dial can be set to OFF, LOW, or

HIGH. When the dial is HIGH, the motor is allowed

full line voltage, so it hits its max speed. In the

LOW setting a resistor is placed in series with the

motor. The resistor reduces the overall voltage

going to the fan which slows it down. The fan will

consume less power in the LOW setting than in

the HIGH setting.

Interestingly, almost all cheap office fans with

control dials like this have the HIGH setting as the

first option after OFF. This is so the fan will have

the most power possible when first turning on to

overcome the resistance of the stationary fan

blades.

As fan inherits the single phase induction

motor, so from the torque equation of a single

phase induction motor we observed that net torque

produced is proportional to the applied voltage so

the torque or the speed of a fan can be controlled

by varying the applied voltage.

The synchronous speed also depends on the

frequency and the no. Of poles used for induction

motor therefore we can also vary the speed of

fan by varying the no. Of poles and by varying

the frequency.

For the domestic purpose the frequency and

the poles cannot be changed therefore we

generally use a method of varying voltage.

The voltage of the single phase induction motor

can be varied by using a resistor in series with

the winding. When the resistance is zero then

motor will run at its full speed. When some

resistance is applied then lesser current is passed

through winding due to which motor start running

at low speed because of the voltage drop across

the winding, more and more resistance is supplied

lesser the speed of motor will be.

This method is not suitably used now a days

because of the heating problem of motors and

• For low speed, the power waveform going to

the fan would look like the top picture.

• For medium speed, the power waveform would

look like the middle picture.

• For high speed, the power waveform would

look like the the bottom picture.

The basic idea is that for higher speed

operation, you apply full power for a longer period

of time. The fan motor gets power in short bursts,

but since the PWM wave is so fast (usually going

up and down about 100-10,000 times a second or

more) we don't notice it and it seems like

continuous operation.

Note that this only applies for some low cost,

low end devices that you may pick up for desk or

something similar. This is not how other motor

controllers work; as the PWM wave must be

filtered, stepped up through a series of solid state

devices, it may be a sinusoid... etc.

Fan regulators have an important place in the

electrical switch boards. Fan regulators are very

similar to light dimmers.Their function is to

regulate/control the speed of the fan and provide

a convenient environment for the residents.

The traditional regulators which are bulky use

a resistance having taps and connected in series


the other problem is that if we

supplied the undervoltage than

its rated voltage then motor will

get damage so this method is

avoided now.

The regulator called electronic

regulator is used, this modern

technology uses a TRIAC( triode

in ac) which supply the chopped

ac waveform due to which speed

can be controlled.

More generally the torque of

an electric motor used to drive

such fans is dependent on the

applied voltage. Thus varying the

voltage to the motor will vary the

torque and hence the speed of

the fan, as motor torque must

equal the torque produced by the

resistance or air friction on the

fan blades.

As one varies the voltage the

speed will vary according to the

load characteristic of the fan.

The manner in which the

voltage may varied is varied as

set out below, but generally is

very low cost household fans it

is simply a series inductor with

fixed tapping such 1,2,3. Better

control may be obtained using

some form of power electronic

controller already described by

others.

Consider the regulator as an

equivalent of a water-tap. When

you turn on the tap the water

begins to flow slowly. If you turn

it on further, the water flow

increases. If you turn it on all the

way , then water flows at a

maximum speed. Thus you

control the flow of the water by

turning the tap at various levels.

Regulators work in a similar

manner. You turn on the regulator

and at each level- the speed of

the fan increases. Now what

causes the fan to rotate faster?.

The current flowing through the

motor which is connected to the

fan, right?. Thus we can safely

say that a regulator controls the

flow of the current.

Above figure shows a simple

circuit of a regulator.

Here:

M1= Motor which is connected

to the fan. This is powered by a

220V AC supply.

R1= Resistor whose value is

500 k Ohm. Its a variable resistor

whose resistance can be

controlled when we turn the knob

of the regulator.

D1= TRIAC which is a

semiconductor device . This is

directly used to control the speed

by arresting/ releasing the

current flow to the motor.

When we turn on the

regulator we will control the

resistance which in turn controls

the flow of the current to the

TRIAC and in turn controls the

speed of the motor. A lower

speed means higher resistance.

When the resistance is higher,

lower current flows. When lower

current flows via the diode, it

translates to lower speed of the

motor, thus the fan rotates

slowly.

As we turn the regulator

further we are decreasing the

resistance of R1, which in turn

increases the current to the diode

and results in higher speed.

There are 3 types of

regulators available in the

market today: Electric Regulator,

Step Type Electronic Regulator

and Movable Electronic

Regulator. All 3 have different

ways of controlling the fan speed

and thus the efficiency with which

they manage electricity

consumption differs. From price

perspective Electric regulator is

the cheapest, but of all three it

is the most inefficient regulator.

Regulator is like brakes on

an electrical bicycle. Pulling the

brakes is akin to setting

regulator very low setting (like

1 or 2) leaving the brakes is like

setting regutor on full (5).

The resulting speed of the

wheel is the speed of the fan.

More analogy - like a tap and

water - works on the same

principle . Water here is current

and tap is regulator. Full on is full

current means full speed fan.

That depends.

If the fan has a DC motor,

then the PWM technique is used

as mentioned before.

In case the fan has a AC

motor (most probably) then you

control the velocity of the motor

by changing the frequency of the

line.

To change the frequency, you

use a non linear device called

"TRIAC". The method is normally

known as "controlling the angle".

Fans a motor and hence to

regulate its speed we just have

to regulate speed of motor

Thus speed of motor can be

adjusted using armature control

method or field control method

Armature control method to

get above rated speeds and

armature control method for

below rated speeds hence we

use armature control method

which by connecting a rheostat

series to armature regulating

supply to armature by controlling

drop across rheostat ie just

regulating supply voltage to fan

Even power electronic interface

speed regulators are available

which are loss free but causes

non linear loading.

(to be continued)


U se of electricity is so

widespread that there may be

hardly anyone who has not

experienced a slight electric

shock at one time or other.

Voltages (of a circuit) cause

currents to pass through any

resistance. The resistance of the

human body at best is of the

order of 9000 ohms and at the

worst is 500 ohms. A major part

of the resistance is due to the

skin. The internal resistance of

the body varies from 200 to 800

TECH

ElectricityParametersrelated to Safety

ohms. So, when the skin is wet

and when perspiring freely, the

body resistance is at its worst.

The values of various

resistances given above are for

230 volts A.C. of 50 HZ

frequency. This is the frequency

used in houses, commercial

premises, Hotels etc., in India.

The body resistance varies

inversely with the voltage. That

means, at lower voltages the

body resistance is very high and

at higher voltage it goes on

reducing. Since current through

the body will depend on body

resistance and applied voltage,

at lower voltage as body

resistance is high, the magnitude

of current will be lower and so

is the shock effect.

In shocks from AC currents

of normal power frequency, the

shock current is sinusoidal with

frequency of 50 Hz. The

frequency of heart beat is also

in this range. The AC shock

current frequency disturbs the

frequency of heart signals. Also,

Direct Current, normally known

as D.C. is four times safer than

A.C. That is body resistance is

four times more then what is

mentioned earlier when D.C is

used instead of A.C. In India,

Calcutta is the only city where

D.C. is still used in some areas.

In Calcutta, if you ask a washer

man whether he likes A.C. or

D.C. iron he will invariable say

D.C. If you ask him for the

reason, he will say that A.C.

catches you in case of shock

where as D.C. gives only a mild

shock.


Effect of CurrentAs mentioned earlier the current passing

through the body causes all the damage. Of

course, time duration is also important. The third

element is the path of the current through the

body. If the path involves the heart, the damage

is more. If the path is through the left hand to

earth, the heart will invariably get involved.

Before considering the effect of the magnitude

of current on the human body, certain

fundamentals regarding voltage and current need

to be cleared by a simple example

Example

Normal voltage 230 volts AC

Resistance due to

footwear and body 69000 ohms. = Voltage

resistance. Say Resistance

Then current = 230 = .0033 Amps

69000

Now 1 Amp = 1000 milli Amps or mA

So current through

the body = .0033 Amps = 3.3 mA

ReviewIf now a review is made of calculation made

above, it may be noted that only 3.3 milli Amps

flowed through the body. From table it could be

seen that this range is not fatal. The victim with

some presence of mind can release himself or

someone near him will come to switch off supply.

Suppose now the victim is on wet ground and has

no foot wear, the resistance may be as low as say

690 ohms. The current through the body will be

330 milli Amps, in the table this current will come

under the range “50 to a few hundreds” and this

can be fatal. From this example it could be seen

that unless one is absolutely careless in every

way he is quite safe from electricity in his house,

office, etc.

Effects of various values of current on the body are as follows

Value of Current Duration of Physiological effect on humans

in milli Amps shock

Up to 1 mA Not critical Range upto threshold of perception

1-15 mA Not critical Range upto threshold of cramp. Independent release

of hands from object gripped no longer possible, i.e

beyond “let-go” range. Sometimes painful effect on

muscles of fingers and arms.

15-30 mA Minutes Cramp like contraction of arms. Difficulty in

breathing. Rise in blood pressure.

30-50 mA Seconds or Heart irregularities. Powerful cramp effect.

minutes Unconsciousness. Rise in blood pressure. If time runs

to minutes, may prove fatal.

50 to a few Less than No ventricular fibrillation. Heavy shock.

hundreds cardiac cycle

50 to a few Above one Ventricular fibrillation. Current marks.

hundreds cardiac cycle Unconsciousness. If not attended immediately – death.

Above a few Less than Ventricular fibrillation possible depending on heart phases.

hundreds cardiac cycle Current marks. Unconsciousness.

Above a few Over one

hundreds cardiac cycle Reversible cardiac arrest. Unconsciousness burns.


apºv cpNn-®n-ń-√mØ cpNn, apºvtIń-ń-√mØ i_vZw, apºv Fgp-Xn-°-≠n-ń-√mØ hm°v, apºv A\p-`-hn-®n-ń-√mØ ssien F∂nh Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-emWv Fgp-Ønse ck-X¥w F∂v \sΩ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Ønb ‘Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lmkw’

A©v ]Xn -‰m≠v ]n∂n -Sp -∂p.CubnsS B ]pkvXw H∂qsS hmbn-°m≥ FSp-Øp. Zo]≥ inh-cm-a≥Hcp-°nb cwKm-hn-jvImcw ]me-°ms´Xkm°v s^Ãn-h-ens‚ `mK-ambnImWp-hm\pw mKy-ap-≠m-bn.

]me-°m-S≥ X\n-a-bpsS apZ-bmb Icn-º-\-t]mse s]mXn-s®-Sp-°m≥, hmbn-s®-Sp-°m≥ ]Wn-s∏-Sp-∂-Xcw mj-bm-sW∂v Iem-e-b-Im-eØv tXm∂n-b-Xn-\m¬ am‰n-sh-®p.Rm≥ P\n-°p-∂-Xn\v aptº `qW-s∏-´-XmWv Cu IrXn. ]ns∂ NneIpdn-∏p-Iƒ hmbn-®-t∏mƒ ]Xn-‰m-≠p-Iƒ°v ]nd-sI-bp≈ Imcy-ßƒX\na tNmcmsX hc-®n´ NnX]Z¿i-\-amWv Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-

\mbn-I -tI-µo-Ir-X-hptam A√ F∂-XmWv Jkm-°ns‚ IY-]-d-bp∂ CuIrXn. \m´p-ºp-dsØ Nmb-a-°m-\n-bpsS kam-h-dn\v Np‰p-an-cp∂ NqSp-Nm-b-tam¥n Ipipºpw Ip∂m-bvabpwtemI-hm¿Øbpw hn\n-abw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂Xv h√m-sØmcp ImgvN-bm-Wv.sNcp∏v ISn® hW-hp-ambn (A¿_p-Zw) A≈m-∏n® sam√m° k¿°m¿Bip-]-X-bn¬ sN√p-∂-Xm-bp≈`mKw ssZ\y-am-Wv. NnXen aebpwNpchpw IS∂v hcp∂ Im‰v Jkm-°vIm-cpsS hmbp-hm-Wv. Xpºn-Iƒacn-®-h-cpsS Hm¿Ω-bm-sW∂pw Hm¥va\p-jy-cpsS tNmc-Ip-Sn-°p-sa∂pwhmbn-°p-tºmƒ A‘-hn-izm-k-Øn-\-∏p-dØv Ipń-°me Ipkr-Xn-I-fpsSHm¿Ωbpw t]Snbpw \Ωn-ep-W-cpw.

Nqń-t‚bpw ]m\o-kn-t‚bpwshfn-®-Øn¬ \n∂pw \£X tim -bn-te-°p≈ Zqcw Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lm-k-Øn¬ Af-∂n- n- p-≠v. Ip´m-S≥]pim-cn-bpsS Imhnse ]qc-Øn\vKcp-V≥ Xq°hpw ssaaq-\-bp-sSbpw

hmb\Nµ≥ IÆ-t©cn

Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lmkwHcp hm-b\

H.-hn. hnP-bs‚ Im¿´q-Wp-Iƒ°-∏pdw Hmtcm hm°nepw aq¿Øn NnX-ßƒImWm-\mhpw F∂-XmWv Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lm-k-hm-b-\-bpsS ]tXy-I-X.

lmkw F∂v a\- n-em-bn. tijwhmb-\bv°v ian®p; ]cn-i-an®vXo¿Øp. ae-_m¿ ap…ow `mjbpwXangpw tN¿∂v X\n Kmay-]-tbm-K-ßƒ \njvI-f-¶-X-bpsS AS-bm-f-ambna\-t -dn. hmsam-gnbpw hc-sam-gnbpwka-\z-bn-∏n® \mS≥ hm°p-I-fpsSCµ-Pmew I≠p. tKmX-∏-ga \nd®hm°p-I-fm¬ [z\n-km-µ-amb NnX-ßƒ tImdn-bn- -h-bp-≠v. Xkm-°ns‚]pcm-hr-Ø-ß-fmWv t\mh-en\v Ah-ew-_w. Ahn-SpsØ Rm‰p-]p-cbpwAd-_n-°p-fhpw Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lm-k-Øn¬ ]I¿Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

IY-]-d-bp-∂-Xnepw IYm-]m-X-ßsf Ah-X-cn -∏n -°p-∂-Xnepw\n¿ÆnX coXnbpw \nb-ahpw CuIrX-bn¬ Ct√-bn-√. Ime-L-´hpw]›m-Ø-ehpw ]®-Øp-≈≥ NmSp-∂-t]mse sX∂n-s°m-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p. IYm-]m-X-ßƒ Hs∂m-∂mbnh∂v IY ]d™v t]mIp-∂p. HmtcmIYm-]m-Xhpw Hmtcmtcm IY-bm-hp-∂Xv ImWmw. \mbI tIµo-Ir-Xtam


bmX‰n. iolcn, tImgn-t°mSv

ss\km-a-en-bp-tSbpw sh‰n-e-bnseajn-t\m-´hpw ]mNo\ hnizm-k-ß-fpsS AS-bm-f-ambn InS-°p-∂p.hkqcn ac-Whpw sam√m-°-bpsSaøØv sIm≠p-t]m-Iepw ]pkvXIwaS-°n-sh-®mepw IÆn¬ \n∂vt]mIn-√. Hmtcm A[ymbw hmbn-°p-tºmgpw Ae-£y-ambn hmb-\-°m¿Hmtcm IYbv°v ]n∂mse t]mIp∂Ahÿbp≠v, kzmX-¥y-hpw.

“\Ωƒ NmIv∂tXm F´p-ImenNmIvWtXm PmkvXn thZ\” F∂vIp™m-an\ chn amjvt\mSv tNmZn-°p-∂p-≠v. Zm¿i-\nI Xe-Øn-te°vCßs\ Nne (tNm-Zy-ßƒ) FØn-t\m-´-ßƒ t\mh-en-ep-≠v. bp‡n

`Z-a-√mØ Ime-L- -Øns‚ ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ DØcw In´mØ tNmZy-ß-fmbv t\mh¬ _m°n-sh-°p-∂p.\mń¬ hkqcn ]S-cp-tºmƒ amjvIpØn-sh-s∏-Sp-°p-∂n-√. hkq-cn-tcmKw Poh-s\-SpØ Ipń-I-fpsSÿew Hgn™v InS-°p-tºmƒ a‰vIpń-I-fpsS t]cv hnfn-°m-\m-hmsXlmP¿ ]pkvXIw aS-°n-sh-°p∂amjv Ipń-I-fpsS ap∂n¬ hnjawAS-°p-∂-Xns‚ XohZp:Jw hmbn-°m-\p-≠v.

NnX-en-a-e, ]mSw, hc-ºv, Icn-º-\, Im‰v, Rm‰p-]p-c, Ad-_n-°p-fw,Nmb-°-S, GIm-[ym-]nI kvIqƒ,InW-dv, sNØp-Im-cs‚ ]\, Xpºn,Hm¥v, F´p-Im-en, ]mºv Aßs\ÿe-ßfpw P¥p-°fpw IY-]-d-bp-∂p. sam√m-°, -ssa-aq\, Ip™m-an-\, chn, A∏p-°n-fn, ]fl, tjJv,

“B¿°m-\n -®bw amjvtj”

F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ kwkm-c-ßƒ ]e-Xp≠v.

Iqa≥Im-hn¬ XpSßn Iqa≥Imhn¬ Ah-km-\n-°p∂p Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lmkw. Jkm-°ns‚_lp-kz-cX F°m-eØpw ]pe-tc≠ PmXn-a-X-k-¶-e-\-Øns‚A¿∞hpw ss\¿Ω-eyhpw \sΩHm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. BZy-Xm-fp-I¬hmbn®v AIØv ]th-in-®m¬]pdØv IS-°m≥ tXm∂n-°mØhnkvab temI-amWv Jkm-°ns‚CXn-lm-kw. Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ A£-c-ß-fm¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb NnX-ß-fmWv Cu t\mh¬. H.-hn. hnP-bs‚Im¿´q -Wp -Iƒ°-∏pdw Hmtcmhm°nepw aq¿Ø NnX-ßƒ ImWm-\mhpw F∂-XmWv Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lm-k-hm-b-\-bpsS ]tXy-I-X.n

ssaPm-a-en, Ip´m-S≥]qim-cn, NIp,Ip™p-¥p-d, ]m®n, Imfn, XnØn-_n-øp-Ω, sImS-®n, Nm¥p-ap-Øp,inh-cm-a≥ \mb¿, am[-h≥ \mb¿F∂n-ßs\ FX-I-Ym-]m-X-ßƒ?kØn-bw, ]m\o-kv, jvtImƒ, amjv-tj, Ah-Wo -i v , _Z-co -ßƒ,tImsW-gp-Øv, t]mbv, ]pK-ams´F∂n-ßs\ FXtbm hSnhv sX‰nbhm°p-Iƒ.

“Bhp, FØc ]p§m≠Infntb ”

“Im^-dns‚ kvIqfn¬ ]pK-amt´”

FX-hgn (Zq -cw)? “Zm,ASvØs∂”

tIcf tÃ‰v Ce-IvSn -kn‰nt_m¿Uv enan-‰-Un¬ eohv Smh¬I¨k-j≥ (F¬.-Sn.kn) BZy-ambnG¿s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬, F¬.-Sn.kn D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn. Hcp DØ-tc-¥y≥ bmXkwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n Fd-Wm-Ip-fØv IqSnb kwL-S-\-bpsSFIvkn-Iyp- ohv IΩn-‰n-tbm-K-Øn¬[mc-W-bm-bn. HutZym-KnI Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]Sn-I-fn-d-ßp-hm≥ t]mIp∂io. AeIvkvama-®s\t∏mse-bp≈ko\n-b¿ ]h¿Ø-I¿°v F¬.-Sn.knD]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ Hcp Ah-kcw IqSn-bmWv Cu Sq¿ t]mKmwF∂p Rßƒ IW-°p-Iq- n. Fd-Wm-Ipfw kztZin io. cta-jv_m-_p, Akn-Ã‚ v FIvko-Iyq-óhvF≥Pn-\o-bsd bmX-bpsS kwLm-SI Npa-Xe G¬∏n-°p-Ibpw,At±lw aptJ\ Fd-Wm-IpfwtIµ-ambn ]h¿Øn-°p∂ Hcp]apJ Smh¬/Sq¿ GP≥-knsbZuXyw G¬∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.tIc-f-Ønse AXn ITn-\-amb NqSn¬\n∂pw Hcp c£-s∏S¬ IqSn-bm-IsĆu Sq¿ t]mKmw F∂-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬, a≤y-th-\¬ Ah-[n-°mew Xs∂ Cu ^manen Sqdn-te-°mbn Xocp-am-\n-®p. U¬ln, knwe,Ipfp, aWm-en, Aar-Xv-k¿ BKXpS-ßnb ]IrXn ca-Wo-b-ß-fmb]tZ-i-ßsf Dƒs∏-SpØn 8 Znhkw\o≠p-\n¬°p∂ Sq¿ t]mKmwGP≥kn Xøm-dm°n 2017 G]n¬28˛mw XobXn Fd-Wm-Ip-f-Øp-\n∂pwBcw- n®v sabv 5˛mw XobXn Xncn®vFd-Wm-Ip-f-Øv kam-]n-°p∂ Xc-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p t]mKmw Nm¿´vsNøn-®-Xv. AwK-ß-fn¬ ]e¿°pwhnam-\-bmX ]pXp-a-bm-b-Xn-\m¬s\Sp-ºm-t»-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw U¬ln-hsc hnam-\-bmX aXn-sb∂v sFI-I-WvtT\ \n›-bn-®p. tijw ][m-\-s∏´ ]tZ-i-ßƒ ImWp∂Xnte-bv°mbn 45 ko‰¿ F.-kn. _kpwSq¿ Hm∏-td-t‰gvkv kwL-Sn-∏n-®p.Xma-k-Øn-\mbn 3 Ãmdn\p apI-fn¬


kuI-cy-ß-fp≈ tlm -ep-I-fpw, ae-bmfn ssKUn-t\bpw k÷-am-°n-bn-cp-∂p.

2017 G]n¬ 28 sh≈n-bmgvNcmhnse 9.30 \v s\Sp-ºm-t»-cn-bn¬FØnbt∏mƒ Fs‚ ]nb kplr-Øp-°ƒ ]ecpw FØn-t®¿∂n-cp-∂p.25 t]cm-bn-cp∂p Rß-fpsS bmX-bn¬Dƒs∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv. kplr-Øp-°fpw,IpSpw-_-hpw, Fb¿-t]m¿´p--sa√mwsamØ-Øn¬ Fs∂ B›-cy-s∏-Sp-Øn. GI-tZiw 11.40 AM \v skIyq-cn‰n sN°nwKv Ign™v hnam\w qan-tbm-Sp≈ _‘w hnt›-Zn®v A\-¥-hn-lm-b-kn-te°v IpXn-®p. sI.-F-kv.-C.-_n. tbmSpw, FÃn-ta-‰n-t\m-Spw,sSUdnt\mSpw, FKn-sa‚ vknt\mSpw,_n√n-t\mSpw, Ak-‰n-t\mSpw hnS...Rß-fpsS kz]v\-bm -Xbv°vAßns\ XpS-°-am-bn.

ap≥]v ]e-X-hW hnam\ bmXsNbvXn- p-s≠-¶n-epw, Ah-\m-Im-iØvH∂p-e-™-t∏mƒ P∑w X∂-hs\Adn-bmsX a\-kn¬ Hm¿Øp-t]m-bn.aq∂p aq∂c aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ sIm≠vU¬ln Fb¿t]m¿ń¬ Rß-fpsS“ kvss]kv sP‰v ”kpc-£n-X-ambnem‚ v sNbvXp. _mtK-Pp-Iƒ ssI∏-‰m≥ GI-tZiw 45 an\n v FSp-Øp.Aev]w Xma-kn-s®-¶nepw t_kn¬sNdn-bm≥ F∂ ae-bmfn ssKUv

hml\ klnXw Rß-sf kzoI-cn-°m≥ FØn.

U¬ln-bn¬ IpØ-_van-\m¿,cmjvS-]Xn `h≥, ]m¿e-sa‚ v aµn-cw, C¥y-tK-‰v, Aa¿ Phm≥tPym-Xn,cmPv]Yv F∂nh I≠v cmXn ^jvA]v Hcp-°n-bn-cp∂ tlm´-en¬FØn. Ipfn®v cpNn-I-c-amb £WwIgn-®p. Aev]w hni-aw. tijwsFXn-lm-kn-I-ambn knwe bmX XpS-ßn. ssUh¿ AXn-k-a¿∞≥,cmtPjv i¿Ω Hcp sNdnb amcpXn

tSmbnIm¿ ssIImcyw sNøp∂emL-h-tØmsS B henb h≠nAbmƒ CSp-ßn-b- hgn-I-fn-eq-sSbpw,ae-I-fn-eq-sS-bpw, Xmgv-h-c-I-fn-eq-sSbpw]mbn-®p. bmX-°n-S-bn¬ ‘Zm_’ Ifn¬Nmb-IpSn, a‰v AXym-hi ‘i¶’-IƒXo¿°¬ Aßns\ cmhnse 9 aWn-tbmsS knwe-bn-se-Øn. dqan-seØn^jv Bbtijw t_°v ^mÃv...ImWm≥ t]mIp∂ ]tZ-isØ q]-IrXn ]cn-K-Wn®v sNdnb hml-\-ß-fn-em-bn-cp-∂p Rß-fpsS ]n∂o-Sp≈bmX BZyw Xmcm-tZhn t£Xw,[mcmfw hm\c kwL-ß-fm¬ kºp-jvSamW-hnSw. bmX-°m-cpsS £Wkm[m-\-ßfpw a‰pw AI-aW kz`m-h-tØmsS Ah¿ Xń ]dn®p hmßn.thdn´ Hcp A\p- -h-w, hf-sc im¥-amb A¥-co-£-am-bn-cp∂p ]cn-k-cØv. tijw Ip^n, C¥y≥ C≥Ãn-‰yq v Hm v AUvhm≥kvUv ÃUo-kv,cmjvS-]XnbpsS th\¬-°me hk-Xn, knwem-amƒtdmUv. knwem-amƒtdmUv hfsc ck-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. hfscDb-c-Øn-te°v t]mIp∂ tdmUv, Ccp-h-ihpw ASn-s]mfn _m≥USvtjm]vkv ]¿t®kv sNøm≥ \√kuIcyw hml-\-ßƒ IS-Øn-hn-Sn-√... P\w sshIn v D√m-k-tØmsSsXcp-hn-en-d-ßpw. Kwò-c-amb \S-Øw.XWp∏pw IqSn-bm-b-t∏mƒ ckw

Hcp aWm-en-b≥ A]m-cX


Xs∂.. cmXn aSßn dqan-se-Øn.Rm≥ Xma-kn® dqan¬ BcpsSsbm-s°tbm Im¬ s]cp-am-‰w, dqw \º¿H∂p IqSn t\m°n Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øn...C√... sX‰n-bn- n-√. Bscm-s°tbmAI-Øp-≠v, tamj-W-i-a-am-tWm..sas√ Xpd-∂-t∏mƒ Ipsd hm\-c≥am¿ Rß-fpsS _mKp-Ifpw, Ih-dp-Ifpw Xpd∂v apgp-h≥ XpWn-Ifpwa‰p-km-[-\-ßfpw hen-®p-hm-cn-bn- n-cp-∂p. NneXp [cn®p t\m°n-bn- p-ap-≠v.Rßsf I≠Xpw Ah¿ P\¬-am¿Kw]pd-tØ°v IpXn-®p. s]s´-∂m-W¿Ø-Xv, knwe-bpsS ssiXy-hpw]I-ens‚ at\m-lm-cn-X-bpw, XW-p-Øp-hn-d® ac-ßƒ°n-S-bn-eq-Sp≈ ]`mXkqcys‚ Db¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]pw Bkz-

e-b-Øns‚ \S-phn-eqsS _obmkv \ZnCu th\¬°m-eØpw Hgp-In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. (a-™p-cp-In-bp-≠mb \Zn)Hcp sIm°-bpsS AKm-[-X-bn-embn_obmkv \Zn. bmX-bpsS ImTn-\y-Øm¬ ]e¿°pw Xe-th-Z-\bpw.O¿Znbpw D≠m-bn. C¥y-bnse Pe-k-º-Øn¬ 25%hpw lnam-N¬ ]tZ-in-\mWv kz¥-sa-∂p≈ bmYm¿∞ywGsXmcp sI.-F-kv.-C.-_n.-°m-c-t\bpwtImcn-Ø-cn-∏n-°pw. GI-tZiw 27436MW BWv lnam-N¬ ]tZ-inse Pe-k-º-Øv. CXp-hsc 8418 MW ]≤-Xn-I-fn¬ h¿jw apgp-h\pw P\-td-j≥\S-°p-∂p. C¥-bnse Ce-IvSn-kn‰nan® kwÿm-\-amWv lnam-N¬]tZiv. _obmkv, sN\m-_v, chn,

sØ-dn-®v, CSn®p adn™v GI-tZiw7 Intem-ao-‰-tdmfw Hgn-°n-\-\p-k-cn®vapt∂m v t]mIp-∂-XmWv dm v‰nw-Kv.Bdv Bfp-Iƒ°v Htc-k-abwss^_¿ t_m n¬ k©-cn°mw ck-I-c-amb Hcp A\p- hw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p ‘dm v‰nw-Kv’.

tijw sNdp hml-\-ß-fn¬bmX-bm-cw- n-®p. sFXn-lm-kn-I-amb‘aWm-en-bn-te°v’ cmXn-tbmsSRßƒ°mbn Hcp-°n-bn-cp∂ tlm -enseØn. Ccp- p-]-c-∂n-cp-∂p. tlm -en\v ap≥]n-em-bp≈ hnim-e-ambB∏nƒtØm´w. ]¿∆-X-ßƒ°- n-ap-J-am-bn-´m-bn-cp∂p tlm´¬ apdn-Iƒ\¬In-bn-cp-∂-Xv. `£Ww Ign™phni-aw. ]nt‰∂v cmhnse apdn-bnseI¿´≥ hI™v am‰n ]¿∆-X-Øn-te-s°m∂p t\m°n... tlm.... ap∂n¬òam-Im-c-ßfmb a™p-a-e-Iƒ, sh≈-]p-X®v kqcy-]-Imiw ]Xn®v shń-Øn-f-ßp-∂p. kn\n-a-I-fn-epw, kz]v\-ß-fnepw amXw ]cn-Nn-X-amb ImgvN-Iƒ. AhnsS ]I¬ IqSp-Xepw cmXnIpd-hp-am-Wv. GXm≠v 5 aWn-tbmsSkqcy-\p-Zn°pw, cmXn 7.30 hsck‘y-bm-Wv.

cmhnse `£-W-tijw Rß-fpsS bmX ho≠pw XpS-ßp-I-bm-bn.t\sc sFkv t]mbn‚n-te°v t]mbna™p sXm´p. t]mIp∂ hgn ]ecpwhmS-Ibv°v _qSvkp-I-fpw, tIm´p-Ifpw•ukp-Ifpw hmßn-h-®p. ae-b-Sn-hm-c-sØ-Øn-b-t∏m-gmWv AXns‚ Bh-iy-IX t_m≤y-s∏- -Xv. ]n∂oSv ae-I-b-‰-am-bn-cp-∂p. apI-fn-tem v Ib-dp-t¥mdpw izmkw \n¬°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se..... F¥m-bmepw HgpIn Xmtg°vh∂v Dd™ a™p-]m-fn-Iƒ sXm´p-t\m-°m-\mbn. ASp-Øp≈ ]md-s°-´p-I-fn¬ Ccp∂p hni-an-®tijwAßp Xmsg ]m¿°v sNbvXn-cp∂Rß-fpsS hml\-ß-fn-te-°v. tijwtkmf-mwKv hmen-bn-te°v... ]mcm-ss•-UnwKv, tdm]v Im¿ Ch-bm-bn-cp∂pAhn-SsØ ]tXy-I-X. Hcp a™pae-bpsS apI-fn-te°v tdm]v Imdn¬t]mbn, Ahn-S∂p ]mc-Nyq- n¬ ss•UvsNøp∂ Hcp kw`hw... tijw bmXXpS-cp-I-bmWv.

lnUpw_n sSw_nƒ.....XpScpw

Zn-®-Xns‚ ]cn-k-am-]vXn. P\¬ AS-°phm≥ ad-∂p-t]m-bn. apdn c≠mw\ne-bn¬ apI-fn-em-W-s√m-sb∂Bizm-khpw, Bcp-h-cphm-\mWvtamj-W-Øn\v ChnsS hsc F∂hnizm-khpw l\n-°-s∏- -Xv. Rß-fpsS \n¿`m-Ky-sa-∂p-]-d-b-s´, as‰√mdqanepw h®n-´p≈ “Ipc-ß≥am¿iey-°m-cmWv ” F∂ Cw•ojvt_m¿Uv tlm -ep-Im¿ Fs‚ dqan¬hbv°m≥ ad-∂p.

Xnc-®n-en-s\m-Sp-hn¬ XmgsØ\ne-bn¬ \n∂pw, Aß-Ise ac-ß-fpsS Nn√-bn¬ \n∂pw \jvS-s∏´hkvX-ßƒ tlm´¬ t_mbvkv]nt‰∂p sIm≠p-h∂p X∂p.

ASp-Ø-bmX Bcw- n®p Ipfp-hmen hgn aWm-en-bn-te-bv°v....

c≠p-h-ihpw sN¶p-Ømb lnam-

Nµ-_m-Km, bap\, k‰vePv XpS-ßnb\Zn-Iƒ lnam-N-en-emWv D≈-Xv. Ch-sb√mw a™p-cpInbp≠m-Ip∂ \Zn-I-fm-Wv. Hcp Imew hsc C¥y-bnsehenb ]≤-Xn-I-fn-sem-∂mb Ìm-\-¶¬ kXvePv \Znbv°p Ipdp-sI-bm-Wv.

sshIp-t∂-c-tØmsS Ipfp-hm-en-bn-se-Øn. Aÿn Xpf-bv°p∂ XWp∏vBcw- n-°p-I-bm-bn. Aßp Zqsc ae-\n-c-Iƒ a™p ]pXbv-°m≥ XpS-ßp∂ ImgvN Ahn-kva-co-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. B ae-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Hgp-Ip∂Pew ]pg-bmbn ]md-s°- p-I-fn-eqsSAe-®m¿Øv Xmsgbv-s°m-gp-Ip-I-bm-Wv. AhnsSbmWv ]kn-≤-amb‘dm v‰nwKv’ F∂ t_mńwKv kº-Zmbw. hmbp \nd® ss^_¿ t_m´p-Iƒ \Zn-bn-eqsS ]md-s°- p-I-en¬ X n-


th\¬°m-eØpw ae-\n-c-I-fn¬lna-I-Wn-I-Ifpw aqS¬ a™pw\nd™p \n¬°p∂ ]›n-a-L-´-Ønse ][m\ hnt\mZk©mctIµ-amWv aq∂m¿.

tIc-f-Ønse sshZypXn ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS Xe-sXm- -∏-\mb ]≈n-hm-k¬Pe sshZypX ]≤-Xn-bpsS mK-ambcma-kzman Aø¿ XS-b-W-bpsSHmcØp ÿnXn sNøp∂ at\m-l-c-amb sslU¬ ]m¿°v k©m-cn-I-fpsS a\w Ipfn¿∏n-°p∂ kt¶-X-am-Wv. sshZypXn t_m¿Uns‚ kΩm-\-amb sslU¬ Sqdnkw ]≤XnIgn™ 15 h¿j-ambn hf¿∂p]S¿∂Xv Cu aÆn-em-Wv. Chn-sS-bmWv ]q°-fpsS D’-h-amb ]pjv]-taf 2017 Ac-tß-dn-b-Xv. Ign™ 2h¿j-ambn aq∂m-dnse tlm´¬ dtÃm-d‚ v At m-kn-tb-j-\p-ambn tN¿∂v\S-Øn-bn-cp∂ taf Cu h¿jwsslU¬ Sqdnkw kz¥w A≤zm-\-Ønepw hnb¿∏nepw BWv \S-Øn-b-Xv. 2017 G]n¬ apX¬ sabv 21

]cn-ÿnXn]n.-F≥. _nPp

]pjv]-taf 2017

tIc-f-Ønse sshZypXn ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS Xe-sXm-´-∏-\mb]≈n-hm-k¬ Pe sshZypX ]≤-Xn-bpsS `mK-amb cma-kzman Aø¿ XS-b-W-bpsS HmcØp ÿnXn sNøp∂at\m-l-c-amb sslU¬ ]m¿°v k©m-cn-I-fpsS a\wIpfn¿∏n-°p∂ kt¶-X-am-Wv. sshZypXn t_m¿Uns‚kΩm-\-amb sslU¬ Sqdnkw ]≤Xn Ign™ 15 h¿j-ambn hf¿∂p ]S¿∂Xv Cu aÆn-em-Wv.


hsc apXn-c-∏pg Pem-i-b-Øn\pXocØp Ac-tß-dnb taf Hcp]s£ CXv hsc \S-Ø-s∏- -Xn¬G‰hpw \o≠p \n∂ ]pjv]-ta-f-bmWvG]n¬ 28 \v aq∂m¿ Kma ]©m-bØv ]kn-U‚mWv taf DZvLm-S\wsNbvX-Xv.

tafbn¬ hnhn[ h¿Æ-ß-fn-ep≈tdmkv, sP¿_-c, s]‰-\n-b, tªmIvkv,AUo-\n-b, Pa-¥n, hn¶ XpS-ßnb\nc-h[n ]qs®-Sn-Iƒ ]Z¿i-\-Øn\pwhnev]-\bv°pw Hcp-°n-bn-cp-∂p.

tdmkm-]q-°-fn¬ Xo¿Ø hnhn[cq]-ßƒ ImgvN-bpsS hyXy-kvX-ambHcp temIw Xo¿°p∂hbm-bn-cp-∂p.

IqSmsX ]Z¿i\w ImWm-s\-Ønb Ip´n-Iƒ°v ]tXyIw hnt\mZ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ taf-bn¬ k÷-am-°n-bn-cp-∂p. AtXm-sSm∏w Ip´n-Iƒ°pwapXn¿∂-h¿°pw Hcp t]mse Bkz-Zn-°m-hp∂ hnhn[ sKbn-ap-Iƒ, cpNn-bpsS sshhn[yw kΩm-\n-°p∂^pUv tIm¿ v XpS-ßn-b-hbpw Cuh¿jsØ taf-bpsS hnti-j-X-I-fm-

bn -cp -∂p. sshIp-t∂-c -ß-fn¬sslU¬ ]m¿In-Is\ BI-am\wat\m-l-c-am-Ip∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ Zo]m-e-¶mcw Hcp-°p-hm\pw BbXv taf-bn-se-Øp-∂-h-cpsS ]iwk ]nSn®p]‰p-∂-Xn\pw Cu h¿jsØ ]pgv]-taf km£yw hln-®p. Cu h¿j-sØ ]pjv]-ta-f°v cmPy-Øns‚hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw IqSmXhntZi cmPy-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Ip n-IfpwapXn¿∂-h-cp-a-S°w FØn-bXv 1,50,000¬ IqSp-X¬ Bfp-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p.n

Participants:· Mr. Ram Mahesh R, Chief Personnel Officer

· Ms. Mini George, Deputy Chief Engineer

(HRM)-I

· Mr. Bipin Sankar, Deputy Chief Engineer, TRAC

(C/o Engineers Association)

· Mr. Sreekumar P.K., Deputy Chief Engineer

(IT)

· Mr. Sathyarajan J., Executive Engineer, ITCU

· Mr. Baby John, Assistant Executive Engineer,

O/o the Dir (T&SO)(C/o KSEBOA)

· Ms. Jasmine Banu, Assistant Executive

Engineer,O/o the CE(PED) (C/o KSEBOA)

· Mr. Shaj Kumar,AEE, O/o the Dir(D,S &GE),(C/

o Engineers Association)

· Mr. S.Vijayan, Asst. Engineer, O/o the CE

(REES) (C/o KEOF)

· Mr. Sudhakaran Nair R., Sr. Superintendent,

(C/o KPBOF)

· Mr. S. Shajahan, Sr. Superintendent, O/o the

CE (HRM)(C/o KSEBOA)

· Mr. S. Mohana Chandran R., Sr. Supent, Board

Secretariate (C/o KSEBOA)

· Mr. Madhavan Namboothiri K.V.,Sr.

Superintendent, O/o the Dy.CE (HRM-I)

· Mr. K.S.Sunil, Secretary, KPBPF

· Mr.Ananthakrishnan M S, Secretary, KEOF

· Mr.Noble Gulab S.T., Treasurer, KEOF

· Mr. Narayanan M, Assistant Executive

Engineer, ITCU

· Mr. Kiran, Programmer, ITCU

· Mr. Pradeep Kumar K.S., Senior Assistant, G E

Section, O/o the CE (HRM)

The meeting commenced at 04.00 p.m. The

following clarifications/modifications were

proposed in the meeting:

Modification in Index Calculation Formula:

Based on the MoM of the functional committee

meeting held on 26.5.2017, the index calculation

formula was reworked and proposed. The

proposed formula is Index, I=W1*W2*W3*(sum

of PijDij(r)i)*W4);

where

N = Total years of service

i = 0 to N – 1

Pij= Number of days of service at a particular

station in “ith” year of service in the “jth” spell.

Dij= Shortest Road Distance in Kilometer from

domicile office to working office.

r is a constant. When ‘r’ is assigned a value

0.75, it is observed that a reasonable index is

getting generated for employees with different

lengths of service periods. If required, the value

of 'r' may be reviewed after the verification of

trial order by O/o the CE (HRM)

Office Preference Index, W4: W4, in the

index calculation formula is W4=1+K (No. of

Requests Out-No. Of Requests In)/(Total no. of

Assigned Posts); where K is Office Preference

Multiplier (with values 1,1.3,1.6 or2 depending

upon the office type) But for the General Transfer

2017-18 W4 will be taken as 'K' itself. The value

of 'K' for all offices should be furnished by the

Sub Committee nominated by the Functional

Committee.

· Maintaining Gender Ratio: While

calculating the index, it is noticed that the index

values of female officers are generally less. Hence

the committee recommended that in a station the

ratio of males and females in each category who

have declared same station as domicile should

be computed and it should be ensured that female

officers should be retained in the posting strength

after transfer, at least at this ratio. But if in any

case female number exceeds the minimum

number required as per ratio, the general index

Minutes of the Functional Committee Meeting to discuss about theOnline Transfer Module (Officers) held on 07.07.17 at 4.00 pm at the Conference Room,

ITCU, 3rd floor, Vydyuthi Bhavanam, Thiruvananthapuram.

CornerSTAFF


will be retained without any change. In addition

to this in the Domicile Station list, Adjacent District

list, Zonal list and State List the order should be

rearranged in such a manner that the ratio is

maintained all through the list.

3 Year Place Protection inside the

Domicile station: If a person is eligible to be

retained in his/her domicile and he/she is

occupying the present seat for less than 3 years

he/she will not be shifted from the seat even if a

person having higher index has applied for that

seat. The persons eligible for nominated protection

will be posted to the requested seat, subject to

availability.

Concept of Deemed Domicile Section: As

decided in the meeting with Director (HRM) of

23.5.2017, employees who have more than 3

years of continuous service in the districts

Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alappuzha,

Ernakulam and Kottayam while having their

declared domicile in other districts, the service

will be reckoned as 'deemed domicile' by the

system for the entire period after first three years.

The distance for such cases will be reckoned as 8

km.

Calculation of Posting Strength: The

posting strength in different quota (domicile/

adjacent district/region/state) will be calculated

after deducting protected seats from total posting

strength. Reduction in posts due to rounding will

be adjusted in State Quota.

Officers on Maternity Leave: The officers

who are on maternity leave will be retained in the

present office.

Cut-Off Date: Last date of application

(26.06.2017) should be taken as cut-off date.

Chance of Re-option after Index

Publishing: The index will be published after the

fixing of Medical Priority Index 'W2' by Medical

Committee. All officers will have a chance for re-

option after publishing of trial list.

The meeting concluded at 7.00 p.m.

Sd/-

Deputy Chief Engineer (IT)


F√m tem-I-ß-sf-bpw F-√m Po-h-cm-in-I-sf-bpwkm-K-c-ß-sf-bpw ]¿-h-X-ß-sf-bpw Xm-¶-sf-bpw F-s∂-bpw F-√m-‰n-s\-bpw kr-jv-Sn-® B-Zy-¥-hn-lo-\-\m-b k¿-th-im, tem-I-ß-sf F-√mw B-ew-_-an-√m-sX \n¿-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂ A-ß-bp-sS A-\p-K-lwR-ß-fn¬ D-≠m-I-W-ta!'' F-∂v ]m¿-Yn-®p-sIm-≠vI-Y-Iƒ F-gp-Xn-b _-jo-dn-s‚ I-Y-Iƒ A-h-km-\n-°p-∂n-√. Po-hn-X-sØ a-‰m¿-°pw I-gn-™n- n-√m-Ø-co-Xn-bn¬ t\m-°n-°m-Wp-hm-\pw kv-t\-ln-°p-hm-\pw I-g-n-™ A-km-[m-c-W ]-Xn- -bm-bn-cp-∂p _-jo¿. X-\n-a-e-bm-f-Øn-s‚ `m-j-bn-eq-sS A-\-iz-cI-Ym-]m-X-ß-sf-bpw Im-em-\n-h¿-Øn-I-fm-b I-Ym-k-µ¿- -ß-sf-bpw kr-jv-Sn-® _-jo-dn-s‚ "_m-ey-Im-e-k-Jn'bn¬ ]-W-bw hy-‡n-I-fp-sS kz-Im-cy-am-bA-\p- -h-Øn¬ \n-∂p-b¿-∂v k-ap-Zm-b-sØ-Ø-s∂am-‰n-Øo¿-°p-∂ H-cp \-thm-∞m-\ hn-Im-c-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p-≠v. \-c-I-Øn-s‚ Zzo-]n¬ kz¿-Kw ]-Wn-bp-I-bm-Wv C-hn-sS kv-t\-l-Øn-s‚ \n-tbm-Kw. Hm¿-Ω-I-fn¬ `q-X-Im-e-Øn¬ Ip-cp-ßn-t∏m-b H-cp X-e-ap-d-bpw ]-Ir-Xn-sb-t∏m-se kz-—-hpw \n-jv-I-f-¶-hp-am-b a-s‰m-cp-X-e-ap-d-bpw C-Xn¬ Im-Wmw. A-\p-cm-K-Øn-s‚ \n-d-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v \-ap-°n-∂p-≈ t_m-[wkr-jv-Sn-®-Xp-X-s∂ "_m-ey-Im-e k-Jn', "t]-a-te-J-\w', "a-Xn-ep-Iƒ' A-S-°-ap-≈ G-Xm-\pw Ir-Xn-I-fm-Wv. a-Xn-ep-Iƒ F-∂ t\m-h¬ \-Ωp-sS m-j-bp-sSa-l-Øm-b t\- -ß-fn-sem-∂m-Wv C-Xn-epw _-jo¿-X-s∂-bm-Wv I-Ym-]m-Xw. A-t±-lw P-bn-en¬ In-S-°p-tºmƒ sXm- -∏p-d-Øp-≈ s] -P-bn-en¬ In-S-°p-∂ \m-cm-b-Wn-sb t]-an-® I-Y. X-Ωn¬ Im-Wm-sXa-Ww A-\p- -hn-®pw i-_v-Zw tI- pw am-X-am-Wn-h¿t]-an-°p-∂-Xv.

""X-Ωn-sem-∂p Im-Wm-s\-¥p-h-gn?''Rm≥ ]-d-™p""Rm-s\m-cp h-gn-bpw Im-Wp-∂n-√''\m-cm-b-Wn ]-d-™p.""Rm-\n-∂p cm-Xn In-S-t∂m¿-Øp-I-c-bpw!''""P-bn-en-s‚ ]-Sp-Iq-‰≥ hm-Xn¬ -b-¶-c-i-_v-Z-tØm-

kmlnXyw]n sP h¿-Ko-kv a-e-ta¬

Hm¿-Ω-I-fn¬H-cp kp¬-Øm≥


sS F-s‚ ]n-d-In¬ A-S-™p. Rm≥X-\n-®m-bn. Rm≥ B kp-K-‘w ]-c-Øp-∂ Np-h-∂ tdm-km-∏q-hp ssI-bn-se-Sp-Øp t\m-°n-s°m-≠v B s]-cp-h-gn-bn¬ kv-X-_v-[-\m-bn h-f-sc-t\-cw\n-∂p.''

k- -e-am-Im-sX-t]m-b B t]-a-I-Y a-\p-jy-a-\-kn-s\-∏-‰n, kv-t\-l-_-‘-ß-sf-∏-‰n, kzm-X-¥y-sØ-∏-‰n,Po-hn-X-sØ-∏-‰n \-ap-°p-≈ ]-e k-¶¬-∏-ß-sf-bpw Io-gv-ta¬ a-dn-®p-I-f-™p. kv-t\-l-Øn-s‚ ]p-Xn-b A-S-bm-f-ßƒ tI-c-fo-b¿-°v \¬-Ip-I-bm-Wv _-jo¿ I-Y-Iƒ sN-bv-X-Xv. kv-t\-l-Øn-\v F-X h¿-W-ß-fp-≠v F-∂v"_m-ey-Im-e k-Jn'bpw "a-Xn-ep-I-fpw]-Xp-s° ]-d-bp-tºmƒ kv-t\-lw F-X ITn-\-am-sW-∂v t]-a-te-J-\-Øn¬_-jo¿ D-d-s°-∏-d-bp-∂p. s]-Æn-s‚B-bn-cw U-_nƒ Iq-c-lr-Z-bw!' F-∂m-Wv.

tI-i-h≥-\m-b-sc-∂ bp-hm-hv km-dm-Ω F-∂ bp-h-Xn-bn¬ A-\p-c-‡-\m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv "t]-a-te-J-\'Øn-se C-Xn-hr-Øw. c-≠p I-Ym-]m-X-ßƒ am-X-ap-≈ \n¿-tZm-j--am-b -en-X-c-kw Hm-tcm ]p-d-Øpw Xp-fp-ºp-∂ C-Xp-t]m-sem-cp sN-dp-Ir-Xn A-°m-e-sØ-ßpwa-e-bm-fn-Iƒ hm-bn-°m≥ kw-K-Xn-bm-bn- n-√. Np-Ω A-ßv C-cp-∂pw In-S-∂pw\-S-∂p-sam-s° kv-t\-ln-®m¬ t]m-sc?A-ß-s\ kv-t\-ln-°p-∂ tPm-en km-dm-Ω-bv-°v X-c-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-Ø _-jo¿ X-s‚ s\-©p-sIm-≠v X-s‚ hm-Iy-ßƒ-s°m-≠v X-s‚ `m-j-sIm-≠vkv-t\-l-sØ ]m¿-Y-\-sb Po-hn-X-sØA-f-∂ H-cm-fm-b-Xp-sIm-≠v H-cp h-en-b _-jo-dm-bn \mw A-dn-bm-sX kv-t\-ln-®p-t]m-Ip-∂p. _-lp-am-\n-°p-∂p.t]-a-te-J-\-Øn-se tI-i-h≥ \m-b¿kv-t\-lw In- m-sX h-∂-t∏mƒ th-sdm-cp h-gn-X-s∂ I-≠p-]n-Sn-®p. ""C-hn-sSRm≥ sI- n-Øq-ßn-®m-Ipw. N-Øp Xq-ßn-°n-S-°p-tºmƒ Im-en¬ h-en-b H-cp I-S-em-kv F-gp-Xn Xq-°n-bn-cn-°pw:tem-I-ta F-s‚ a-c-W-hpw Iq-c-lr-Z-b-bm-b km-dm-Ω-bp-am-bn bm-sXm-cp _-‘-hp-an-√!..''

km-dm-Ω-bv-°p-th-≠nN-Ø tI-i-h≥F-∂v,]m-h-Øm≥ (H-∏v)

i-aw Iq-Sm-sX-bp-≈ ssi-en-bpwkm-am-\y-ß-fm-b kw- -h-ß-sf-°q-Sn c-k-I-c-hpw B-I¿-j-I-hp-am-°p-∂ ]-Xn-]m-Z-\-co-Xn-bpw _-jo¿ I-Y-I-sf k-Po-h-ß-fm-°p-∂ I-em-kr-jv-Sn-I-fm-°p-∂p. "sk-°≥-Uv lm≥-Uv' F-∂ I-Y-bn¬ am-Xm-hm-b im-c-Z F-∂ kv-Xo`q-X-kr-jv-Sn-bm-Ip-∂p. hy-h-ÿ-I-fp-sS]n-Xr-Xz-tØ-bpw am-Xr-Xz-tØ-bpw C-hn-sS tNm-Zyw sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. C-hn-sStKm-]n-\m-Y≥ F-∂ ]-Xm-[n-]-cp-sS ap-dn-bn¬ A- n-bw-tX-Sn h-∂ im-c-Z-bv-°vA-bmƒ cm-Xn-bn¬ A- -bw sIm-Sp-°p-∂-tXm-sSm-∏w im-c-Z-bn¬ kp-µ-c-am-bB-flm-hn-s\-bpw Im-Wp-∂p. im-c-Z-sbHm-scm-‰ cm-Xn-sIm-≠v kv-t\-ln-°p-∂p.im-c-Z s]m- n-°-c-™p-sIm-≠v ]-d-™p:

""Rm≥ No-Ø kv-Xo-bm-Wv''tKm-]n-\m-Y≥ s]m- n-®n-cn-®p.kp-Zo¿-L-am-b \n-i-_v-Z-X-bv-°p-ti-

jw tKm-]n-\m-Y≥ tNm-Zn-®p.""F-∂n- v Ip-s™-hn-sS''""a-cn-®p-t]m-bn. Rm≥ A-hn-hm-ln-

X-bm-Wv.''""B a-\p-jy≥ F-hn-sS''˛ B a-

\p-jy≥ im-c-Z-sb D-t]-£n-®p. tKm-

]n-\m-Y-s‚ lr-Z-bw iq-\y-am-bn-cp-∂p.t]-a-an-√. A-h¿ c-Pn-kv-Sm¿ ap-ºm-sI`m-cym- ¿-Øm-°-∑m-cm-bn im-c-Z tKm-]n-\m-Y-s\ Cu-iz-c-s\-t∏m-se I-≠p-Po-hn-®p. Po-hn-X A-\p- -h-Øn-ep-≠m-Ip-∂ A-\p-cm-K-Z¿-i-\-Øn-s‚ Cu am-‰w Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚ km-am-\y-kz- m-h-am-Wv. kv-t\-l-sØ-°p-dn-®v hn-h-cn-°p-∂\-Ωp-sS t_m-[-ß-sf-√mw sX-‰n-°m≥_-jo¿ X-s‚ Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ i-an-°p-∂p-≠v. ]q-h≥-]-gw F-∂ I-Y _-jo¿-°-Y-I-fp-sS B-¥-cn-I-k-Ø ap-gp-h≥ Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂ a-t\m-l-c-am-b H-cp Zm-º-Xy-Øn-s‚ \¿-Ω-a-[p-c-am-b Nn-Xo-I-c-W-am-Wv. kv-Xo-]p-cp-j-_-‘-Øn-s‚k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ -C-hn-sS I-Ym-Im-c≥A-]-K-Yn-°p-∂p. ]q-h≥ ]-g-sØ-s®m-√n " - -dq-t°m' F-∂p ]-d-bp-∂-am-Xn-cn A-Sn-In- p-I-bpw "`' "_p-kv-Iv' F-∂p ]-d-bp-∂-am-Xn-cn C-cn-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-X P-ao-em-_o-_n H-º-Xp-X-h-W s]-‰p. A-_v-Zpƒ-Jm-Z¿ km-ln-_n-\pw h-f-sc h-b-km-bn. ]-s√m-s° t]m-bn. c-≠p-t]-cpw \-c-®p-Iq-\n. ]-Sp-In-g-h-\pwIn-g-hn-bpw a-°-fpw a-°-fp-sS a-°-fp-am-bn A-ß-s\ I-gn-™p-h-cn-I-bm-sW-

Po-hn-X-sØ a-‰m¿-°pw I-gn-™n- n-√m-Ø-co-Xn-bn¬t\m-°n-°m-Wp-hm-\pw kv-t\-ln-°p-hm-\pwI-g-n-™ A-km-[m-c-W ]-Xn-`-bm-bn-cp-∂p _-jo¿.


¶n-epw A-_v-Zpƒ-Jm-Z¿ km-ln-_v Nn-cn-®p-sIm-≠v P-ao-em-_o-hn-tbm-Sv tNm-Zn-°pw:î

""a-lm-dm-Wn! .... ]-≠p \o ]q-h≥-]-gw th-W-sa-∂p ]-d-™-t∏mƒ cm-Xn ]p-g \o-¥n Rm-s\-¥m sIm-≠p-h-∂-Xv?''

P-ao-em-_o-_n Nn-cn-®p-sIm-≠v ]-d-bpw:

""]q-h≥ ]-gw''aq-∏¿ tNm-Zn-°pw""A-sX-ß-s\ C-cp-∂p?''aq-∏-Øn ]-d-bpw""Hm-d-©p-t]m-se D-cp-≠v''B-flm¿-Y-X-bp-sS B¿-÷-h-am¿-

∂ e-fn-X-a-t\m-⁄-am-b ssi-en-hn-ti-jw-sIm-≠v A-\p-K-lo-\-am-Wv "]q-h≥-]-gw' F-∂ I-Y.

_-jo¿ k-©-cn-®n-cp-∂ tem-Iw Zm-cn-Zy-Øn-t‚-bpw D-∑m-Z-Øn-t‚-Xpw hn-i-∏n-t‚-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p. hn-i-∏v H-cp A-\p- -h-am-sW-∂pw hn-i-∏v H-cp Im-e-L--Øn-s‚ A-\p- -h-am-sW-∂pw hn-i-∏n-

s‚ \o-‰-epw ]p-I-®n-epw A-\p- -hn-®n-´p-≈-h¿-°p am-X-ta A-dn-bq. hn-i-°p-tºmƒ h-b-dv h-ep-Xm-Ip-sa-∂pw hn-i-°p-tºmƒ h-b-dv B-Im-i-am-Ip-sa-∂pwC-∂v ]-e¿-°pw A-dn-bn-√. ]-t£ _-jo-dn-\-dn-bmw. C-t∂m¿-°p-tºmƒ -en-X-am-bn tXm-∂p-∂ Po-hn-X-Øn-seh-en-b k-Xy-ß-fm-Wv B F-gp-Øp-Im-c≥ \-sΩ A-dn-bn-®-Xv. A-\p- -h-Øn-s‚ ]p-\¿-\n¿-h-N-\-am-Wv _-jo¿ X-s‚ Ir-Xn-I-fn-eq-sS \n-c-¥-c-am-bn sN-bv-Xp-t]m-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. ""Po-hn-X-\n-g¬-∏m-Sp-Iƒ'' F-∂ Ir-Xn-bn-se \m-b¿ H-cpt\-c-sØ B-lm-c-Øn-\m-bn ]-e-tcm-Spw tI-W-t]-£n-°p-∂p-≠v. H- n-b h-b-dv X-S-hn-s°m-≠v ]-cn-`m-¥-am-b \-b-\-ßƒ D-b¿-Øn-s°m-≠v h-c-≠sXm-≠-bn-eq-sS ]-X-dp-∂ kz-c-Øn¬A-bmƒ bm-Nn-®p.

""F-\n-°p hn-i-°p-∂p. h-√-Xpw X-cn-I!''

Iq-c-X-tbm-sS P-\-ßƒ A-bm-sfB- n-tbm-Sn-®p.

""F-¥m-Sm \n-s‚ t]-cv?''""ap-l-Ω-Zv A-∫m-kv.'' ]-X-dn-s°m-

≠v B-bmƒ ]-d-™p.C≥-kv-s]-Iv-S-dp-sS tNm-Zy-ap-≠m-bn.""tam-jv-Sn-®n- p-t≠m-Sm?''A-bm-fp-sS c-≠p I-Æp-I-fn¬ \n-

-Øn¬ kzm-X-¥y-k-a-c-Øn-s‚ A-·n-bpw a-\-kn¬ t]-dn _-jo¿ F-gp-Xn-b c-N-\-I-sf-√mw-X-s∂ N-cn-X-Øn-s‚H-tc-Sm-bn am-dp-∂p-≠v.

""\-ap-°v hm¿-W-®m-b-Øn-ep-≈ tb-ip-In-kv-Xp-hn-s‚ h-en-b m-h-\m-Nn-Xw.A-Xn-s‚ C-cp-h-i-ß-fn-em-bn c-≠v km-[m-c-W t^m-t´m; H-∂v £o-Wn-® ap-J-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b a-[y-h-b-kv-I≥, a-s‰m-∂v k-ar-≤-am-b Np-cp-f≥ ap-Sn-bpw ]p-©n-cn-Xq-Ip-∂ h-en-b I-Æp-I-fpw. A-ß-s\ ]-k-cn-t∏m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b kp-ap-J-\m-b bp-hm-hv Cu hn-[-Øn-em-Wv B-Zy-am-bn a-dn-bm-Ω Im-Wp-∂-Xv.''

am-Xr- q-an-sb kz-X-¥-bm-°m≥ ap-t∂m- p-h-∂ sN-dp-∏-°m¿ A-h-km-\wIm-cm-Kr-l-Øn-s‚ C-cpƒ-ap-dn-I-fn¬ _-‘n-°-s∏- p. A-h-cp-sS B-K-l-ßƒA-ß-s\ A-h-km-\n-®p. `m-h-\-bn¬A-h¿ sI- n-∏-Sp-Ø a-Wn-ku-[-ßƒbm-Ym¿-∞y-Øn-s‚ sIm-Sp-¶m-‰n¬ X-I¿-∂p Zq-fn-bm-bn-Øo¿-∂p F-∂v "H-cpP-bn¬-∏p-≈n-bp-sS Nn-Xw' F-∂ I-Y-bn¬ _-jo¿ ]-d-bp-∂p.

""k-tlm-Z-co \n-ß-sf-s∂ a-d-∂p-I-f-bp-I. h-e-t∏m-gpw \n-ß-sf-s‚ ho-´n¬ t]m-hp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ F-s‚ A-Ω-®n-tbm-Spw A-∏-®-t\m-Spw ]-d-b-WwA-hn-sS B C-cn-°p-∂ F-s‚ Nn-Xw\-in-∏n-®p-I-f-bp-hm≥.... Cu k-Xyw A-dn-bn-°-cp-Xv. F-s‚ ap-Sn A-[n-I-hpwsIm-gn-™p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. _m-°n-bp-≈-Xv \-c-®pw. F-\n-°v c-≠p I-Æp-Iƒ D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. C-t∏mƒ h-e-tØ-Xp am-X-ta-bp-≈p. Np-h-∂ Xp-dn-®v c-‡-\-£-Xw t]m-se....

aw-K-fm-iw-k-I-tfm-sS,\n-ß-fp-sS P-bn¬-∏p-≈n \-º¿

1051.''_-jo¿ A-\p- -hn-® th-Z-\-I-sf-

°p-dn-®pw cm-jv-So-b-Ø-S-hp-Im¿-°v A-\p- -hn-t°-≠n-h-∂ Zp-cn-X-ß-sf-°p-dn-®pw a¿-±-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®pw "Hm¿-Ω-°p-dn-∏v' F-∂ ]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬ hm-bn-°mw.

1994 Pq-sse 5 -\v _-jo¿ bm-X-bm-bn. ""kp-lv-dm, Rm≥ a-cn-®p-t]m-Ipw''F-∂p I-c-™ a-Po-Zn-s‚-bpw Po-hn-X-hy-Y-bp-sS k¿-K-[-\y-X-bp-sS hn-ßp-∂ "Ip-cp' Npw-_n-®p s]m- n-® "kp-lv-d'sb-∂ Im-ap-In-bp-sS-bpw im-¥-au-\-®n-d-In≥ Io-gn-se-Øn-bn- p-≠m-hpw _-jo¿, Xo¿-®.n

IY-]-d-bp-∂-XnepwIYm-]m-X-ßsf Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xnepw\n¿Æb coXnbpw \nb-ahpw Cu IrXn-bn¬Ct√-bn-√. Ime-L-´hpw ]›m-Ø-ehpw]®-Øp-≈≥ NmSp-∂-t]mse sX∂n-s°m-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

∂pw _m-jv-]w H-gp-In. hn-h-i-\m-bnA-bmƒ-]-d-™p: ""Rm≥ H-cn-°-epwtam-jv-Sn-®n- n-√. hn-i-∏n-s‚ ImTn-\ywsIm-≠v Rm≥ sN-bv-Xp-t]m-b-Xm-Wv.''hn-[n-bp-sS Iq-c-X-bn¬ D-K-am-b hn-i-∏n-s‚ ap-ºn¬ F-√mw a-d-∂p-t]m-b B-fm-Wv _-jo¿. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ c-N-\-I-fn¬ Nn-e-Xv sI- p-I-Y-I-fm-hmw. Nn-e-Xn¬ bm-Ym¿-∞y-Øn-s‚ Aw-i-ß-fp-≠m-hmw. b-Ym¿-∞yw F-∂p-]-d-bp-∂-Xv B-fl-I-Ym-]-cw F-∂-Xn-\p k-am-\-am-Wv. _-jo¿ `m-j-bp-sS A-Xn-cp-Iƒ tX-Sn-t∏m-Ip-I-b-√ sN-bv-X-Xv. _-jo¿ A-\p- -h-Øn-s‚ A-Xn-cp-Iƒ tX-Sn-t∏m-hp-I-bm-Wv sN-bv-X-Xv. C-Xn¬ H-∂p k-©m-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. kzm-X-¥y-k-a-c-Pzm-e \m-Sm-sI D-b¿-∂n-∂ Im-e-L-

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