p2p and e-business

8/12/2019 P2P and E-Business

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#Cludio Barradas 2004ESTInstituto Politcnico

de Castelo Branco

Negcio Electrnico e Internet

How Peer-to-Peer Technology is Revolutionizing the Way

We Do BusinessL. C. S. BarradasEmail: [email protected]/pessoais/claudio

ESTIPCBAv. do Empresrio6000 767 Castelo BrancoTel. 272339335 Fax:272339399


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#Cludio Barradas 2004EST Instituto Politcnicode Castelo Branco

Contents

P2P Computing History

Evolution of Distributed

Computing

P2P Models

P2P Applications

P2P Importance

Social Impacts of P2P

P2P Technology Enablers

JXTA P2P Network

JXTA Objectives

JXTA Software Architecture

JXTA Virtual Network

JXTA Peer Types

JXTA Peer Groups

JXTA Security


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P2P Computing

File Sharing Instant Messaging

MP3

mpeg MP3 AVI
http://emule-project.net/


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P2P Computing History

Smoke signals (native North Americans, Chinese)

Telegraphy (Morse, 1838)

Telephone Communications (Bell, 1876)

Internet birth Usenet, BBS, and FTPs. (1960)

At the end of 80s,PCs became increasingly powerful (speed and processing

power). Software developers realized that they could put server software on

individual PCs and initiate a direct two-way flow of information between

peers. IRC appears (Jarkko Oikarinen,1988)

Napster appearance (Shawn Fanning, 19992000). People began to realize thetrue potential of P2P.

B.I.

A.I.


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Evolution of Distributed Computing

JXTA, Gnutella, ...

HTTP

TCP/IP



Napster Architecture



P2P Models I

Pure P2P Model

Entirely Depends on Computers

Works without relying in a central server.

Peers find each other dynamically.

Allows users to set their own rules and

environments.

Problem: Finding other peers is a high cost

operation.


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de Castelo Branco

P2P Models II

Hybrid Model 1 P2P with Simple Discovery

The role of the server is restricted toproviding the names of connected peers to anincoming peer, which notifies the server aboutits presence by logging in.

The server only assists peers by providing a listof connected peers. Connections andcommunications still remains as part of thejob of the peers.

This model surpass the pure P2P model, oncethe peers list which increases the chances offinding a larger number of peers on thenetwork.


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de Castelo Branco

P2P Models III

Hybrid Model 2 P2P with a Discovery and Lookup Server

The server provides a list of connected peersalong with the resources available with eachof them.

Integrates the features of the pure P2P and

the P2P with simple discovery server modelsfor enhanced functionality of the server.

This model reduces the burden on peers, asthere is no longer a need to visit each peerpersonally for the required information.

Two connected peers establishcommunication, keep it alive, and performvarious activities ( e.g.: logging into thedatabase the information about theconnecting peers, entering an index ofresources shared by them, and so on).


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Working of Various P2P Models

A P2P application should provide the follow features:

Tracing out other peers

Finding other peers on the P2P network

Monitoring other Peers

Querying Peers for required resource

Files, Services, etc...

Sharing resources with other peers.



Ideal P2P Applications

Applications best suited for P2P implementation are those where:

Centralization is not possible or desired

Massive scalability is desired

Relationships are transient or ad-hoc

Resources are highly distributed

Resilience is desired



Instant Messaging:

ICQ (www.icq.com)

MSN Messenger (www.messenger.msn.com)

AOL Internet Messenger (www.aol.com/aim

Yahoo! Messenger(www.messenger.yahoo.com)

File Sharing:

Napster / OpenNap Emule / edonekey2000/ overnet

Kazaa / kazaa Lite

BearShare/ Morpheus /LimeWire (Gnutella Clients)

Distributed Computing

SETI@Home

Folding@home

Distributed.net

Most Popular P2P Applications
http://www.icq.com/http://www.messenger.msn.com/http://www.aol.com/aimhttp://www.messenger.yahoo.com/http://emule-project.net/http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/http://emule-project.net/http://www.messenger.yahoo.com/http://www.messenger.yahoo.com/http://www.messenger.yahoo.com/http://www.messenger.yahoo.com/http://www.messenger.yahoo.com/http://www.messenger.yahoo.com/http://www.messenger.yahoo.com/http://www.aol.com/aimhttp://www.aol.com/aimhttp://www.aol.com/aimhttp://www.aol.com/aimhttp://www.aol.com/aimhttp://www.messenger.msn.com/http://www.messenger.msn.com/http://www.messenger.msn.com/http://www.messenger.msn.com/http://www.messenger.msn.com/http://www.messenger.msn.com/http://www.messenger.msn.com/http://www.icq.com/http://www.icq.com/http://www.icq.com/http://www.icq.com/http://www.icq.com/


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General P2P Applications


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Why is P2P Important?

The Value of P2P

P2P offers the information and services that are more important to you;

P2P incurs minimum cost;

P2P Saves Time

P2P gives you control;

P2P offers the full richness of the Internet;

P2P offers virtual universal accessibility.


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Why is P2P Important? (...)

The Technical Value of P2P

P2P leverages Internet openness;

P2P leverages Technology standards;

P2P leverages Personal Computer Hardware;

P2P leverages Personal Computer Information and application services;

P2P offers a fully distributed symmetric architecture.

The P2P Value Proposition

One-to-One P2P value;

One-to-Many P2P value;

Many-to-Many P2P value;

P2P context value.


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Social Impacts of P2P

Immediacy

Intimacy

Intimacy and Knowledge Spaces I need my data;

Intimacy and Virtual Presence;

Intimacy, People, and communities

Utility

Control

Digital Butterflies

Trapped by Tools


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P2P Security

Security is unquestionably one of the major concerns in any networkedenvironment, and P2P networks are no exception.

Security is one of the major impediments to the widespread adoption ofP2P, especially in corporate environments. There is today basically onereasons for this:

A purely psychological reason. The initial "pirate-to-pirate" image for thetechnology (a gift from Napster and Gnutella), has been a bit difficult to getaway from.

Some Security models for P2P networks allow today the development ofsecure P2P applications.

Security is Multifaceted


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Possible Attacks in P2P Networks

Active Network Attacks

Masquerades

Man-in-the-middle

Playback or replay attacks

Passive Network Attacks

Eavesdropping

Traffic analysis


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More people connected, more data generated

More nodes on the Internet and wireless Web

More bandwidth available

More computing power available (disk,

memory, CPU)

More interesting applications, content, andservices

Edge devices are increasingly providers orresources

P2P Makes Sense Now


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P2P Enablers

Gnutella

www.gnutella.org

Sun JXTA

www.jxta.org

Jabber

http://www.jabber.org/

Freenet

http://freenet.sourceforge.net/

Opennap

http://freshmeat.net/projects/opennap/
http://www.jxta.org/http://www.gnutella.com/http://www.jabber.org/http://freenetproject.org/index.php?page=index


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JXTA P2P Network

An open set of XML-based protocols for creating peer-to-peer style network computing applications andservices

A virtual network overlay

Protocol based (language, OS, network, and serviceagnostic technology)

Defines mechanisms, not policies

Open Source project: www.jxta.org

What is Project JXTA?
http://www.jxta.org/


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JXTA P2P Network Objectives

Interoperability

Across different P2P systems and communities.

Platform independence

Programming languages (Java, C, Perl), systemplatforms (Linux, Windows, mac OS), and networkingplatforms (IP, GPRS...).

Ubiquity

Every device with a digital heartbeat (PersonalComputers, Personal Digital Assistants, 3G CellPhones....).

Security and Monitoring

For commercial and enterprise deployment.


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JXTA Software Architecture


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JXTA Virtual Network


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JXTA Peer Types

Micro peers

Standard peers

Super peers:

Rendezvous peer

Relay peer

Proxy peer


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JXTA Peer Groups


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JXTA Security

Security Requirements

Confidentiality

Authentication

Authorization

Data integrity

Refutability


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Intrinsic Security in P2P Networks

Decentralization

Privacy

Locality

Web of Trust


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JXTA Security Technologies

Transport Layer Security (TLS)

End-to-end transport independence of JXTA protocols

Digital certificates and certificate authorities


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Security in JXTA

TLS Endpoint Transport

Simple cryptography library

Peer security

Every peer has its own root certificate

Public key certificate part of peer advertisements

Credential certificate embedded in every JXTA protocol message

Authentication framework

Password-based login scheme

A S i R


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JXTA Security Resources

JXTA Security project

http://security.jxta.org

[email protected]

White papers

http://www.jxta.org/white_papers.html

TLS

http://www.ietf.org.rfc.rfc2246.txt

http://www.claymoresystems.com (Pure TLS)

P2P i h E i


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P2P in the Enterprise

From the perspective of an e-business or a solution developer, P2P canrepresent more than a tool. It can be a platform upon which a widevariety of business solutions can be developed and securely deployed andsupport the following communications capabilities:

Transparency

Awareness

Adaptability

Mobility

A P2P Platform for business solutions

P2P f B i S l ti


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P2P for Business Solutions

Para las iniciativas actuales hay dos soluciones clsicas que pueden seradoptadas:

Aceptar la esponsorizacin y campaas de marketing: Las aplicaciones con lasque los diferentes participantes acceden a los recursos pueden ser al mismotiempo plataformas de marketing permisivo. El interesado en el uso de lacomunidad P2P, para utilizarla aceptara la recepcin de anuncios por medio delinterfaz o por otros canales.

Extraccin y venta de datos de los usuarios: Ciertas empresas pueden interesarsepor los datos personales, gustos y preferencias de los usuarios de la comunidadP2P, por lo que la promotora de la comunidad puede vender estos datos, siemprecon la complicidad del usuario.

Pero est en la mente de todos que las potencialidades del modelo P2P nopueden quedar pendientes en definitiva del inters o no que tenga la iniciativapara las campaas de marketing de terceras empresas.

Por este motivo estn apareciendo en el mercado utilidades e iniciativas quepretenden hacer negocio con la tecnologa asociada al P2P. Esta tecnologa tienegrandes posibilidades de ser utilizada por la empresa en los siguientes campos:

P2P f B i S l ti


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P2P for Business Solutions

Creacin de comunidades en el seno de una empresa: Posibilitara el intercambiode archivos de forma descentralizada, haciendo muy sencilla la bsqueda de

recursos en un red local.

Intercambio de informacin en comunidades de profesionales: Comunidadesdonde las tareas de investigacin sean de suma importancia, como laBiotecnolgica, pueden beneficiarse del intercambio de informacin de formarpida y descentralizada, poniendo en contacto los diferentes centros deinvestigacin en tiempo real.

Arrendamiento de capacidades ociosas de las computadoras: Ciertos organismosy empresas con necesidades de computacin importantes se pueden plantear laposibilidad de remuneracin por el uso de las capacidades ociosas decomputacin de PCs de particulares.

eMarketplaces descentralizados: Uno de los problemas ms importantes con los

que se puede encontrar un eMarketplace es la falta de confianza para con elpromotor de la iniciativa. La tecnologa asociada a los modelos P2P permiten lacreacin de plataformas descentralizadas, que una vez implantadas en lasdiferentes empresas no seran controladas por ningn tercero.

P2P i th E t i


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P2P in the Enterprise

Traditional e-Marketplaces P2P based e-Marketplaces

P2P Based e Marketplaces


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P2P Based e-Marketplaces

Completely distributed repository;

Peers are able to interact directly and perform one-to-one exchanges;

Up-to-date, dynamic information can be provided by one peer to another;

Transactions are distributed across the network and the addition or removal of one node

does not put the e-marketplace at risk; instead, it shapes the e-marketplace;

Peers can attach to each other and develop virtual communities;

The exchange rules can be set by each pair of peers performing an exchange;

Peers can exchange virtually any information in order to make decisions;

Peers are able to settle agreements by iterated phases of negotiation;



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Each peer is able to collect more information about other peers and about the e-

marketplace in general, so as to develop the most advantageous, possibly long-termrelationships;

It is possible to set up a P2P e-marketplace without service charges, where everyone

benefits from being able to connect to everyone else.

P2P e-marketplace reinforces trust between business partners:

Reinforces inductive trust because peers deal with each other directly, so that they

can estimate the behaviour of the other party in future transactions.

Reinforces deductive trust because peers are provided with a decentralised,

reliable infrastructure where business communities can develop within protectedpeer groups.

Setting Your Course!


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Setting Your Course!

As a manager, your challenge will be to figure out exactly where and how peer-to-peer

technologies will fit into your business.

This is not a one-size-fits-all technology. Depending on :

your business and your needs;

your geographic dispersion;

and your size,

different peer-topeer applications will be more appropriate for you.

Remember: P2P is a way of thinking as much as a computing mode!. As you reruse the

growing list of peer-to-peer applications, ask yourselff the following kind of questions.

Setting Your Course! ( )


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Setting Your Course! (...)

What Problem are you Solving?

Is it a human issue or a machine issue?

How broadly do you intend to implement it?

Are you ready to give employees more control?

Is it secure?

Does it integrate with other applications?

So is it a revolution or an innovation?

P2P Resources


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P2P Resources

Mastering JXTA: Building Java Peer-to-Peer Applications; Joseph D. Gradecki, John Wiley & Sons; 1stedition (August 15, 2002); ISBN: 0471250848

www.jxta.org

P2P: How Peer-to-Peer Technology Is Revolutionizing the Way We Do Business;Hassan M. Fattan; Dearborn Trade Publishing; 1st edition (January 15, 2002) ASIN: 0793148782

JXTA: Java P2P Programming; Daniel Brookshier , Darren Govoni, Navaneeth Krishnan , Juan Carlos SotoSAMS; 1st edition (March 22, 2002); ISBN: 0672323664.

Peer-to-Peer : Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies; Andy Oram;O'Reilly & Associates; 1st edition (March 15, 2001); ISBN: 059600110X.

JXTA in a Nutshell;Scott Oaks, Bernard Traversat, Li Gong; O'Reilly & Associates; (September 2002); ISBN:059600236X

JXTA; Brendon J. Wilson; New Riders; 1st edition (June 15, 2002); ASIN:0735712344.

Peer-to-Peer: Building Secure, Scalable, and Manageable Networks

Dana Moore, John Hebeler; McGraw-Hill Osborne Media; 1st edition (November 28, 2001); ASIN:0072192844.

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/search-handle-url/index=books&field-author=Wilson%2C%20Brendon%20J./102-4132334-3320143http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/search-handle-url/index=books&field-author=Wilson%2C%20Brendon%20J./102-4132334-3320143

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