p4p presentation overview 1.p4p: behavioral issues technical issues 2.behavioral issues 3.motivation...

AAA: San Francisco 2

Practice4Performance

Consideration Technical and Behavioral Issues

1. History2. Objectives:

1. Behavioral issues: motivation, effort, feedback

2. Technical issues: hardware, software

August 2010


Behavioral Issues

August 2010

Aptitude

Motivation

Effort

Performance

Internal Motivation External Motivation

Innate Aptitude Prior Knowledge

Effectiveness Efficiency

Feedback

Motivation

Effort

FeedbackAptitude Performance


External Motivation• Location: home, dormitory• Attempts: repeat homework, quizzes and exa

ms• Partial scoring: 32, 16, 4, 2, 1 versus 0, 1• Weight maximum score more heavily• Educational linkage between Practice/Homew

ork and Quiz/Exam• Bonus system

August 2010 (return)


External Motivation Location: home, dormitory



External Motivation Attempts: repeat homework, quizzes and exams



External Motivation Partial scoring: 32, 16, 4, 2, 1 versus 0, 1



External MotivationWeight maximum score more heavily

August 2010

Exam initial score 6/4/2010 18:21 80.39%Repeat 1 6/5/2010 17:42 94.79%Repeat 2 6/7/2010 16:20 97.00%Repeat 3

Sum 272.18%

Max * 5 485.00%

Total 757.18%

Average 94.65%

(return)


External MotivationEducational linkage between Practice/Homework and Quiz/Exam



Effort: Effective and Efficient

• Voluntary Practice– Quantity– Quality

• Elapsed Time



Effort: Effective & Efficient



Feedback

• Detailed Solutions• Class Grades• Analysis of Performance



FeedbackDetailed solutions



Feedback Class Grades



FeedbackAnalysis of Performance



Technical IssuesSimple arithmetic (add, subtract, multiply, divide)

VersusComplex algebra (statistical procedures, convex

solution spaces)

“The Use of Stochastic Simulation in Knowledge-Based System”, S. Raghunathan, P. Tadikamalla, Decision Sciences; Nov/Dec 1992

August 2010


Technology1. Generate new set values

a. Stochastic simulationb. Cholesky's algorithm –

dependent versus independent

2. Instantiatea. Statistical procedureb. Excel-Solver/GoalSeek

3. Structural integritya. Artificial intelligence

constructs

4. Iterate until AI are TRUE5. Parse to HTML

August 2010

AAA: San Francisco 23August 2010

Stochastic Simulation, Cholesky’s Algorithm and Artificial Intelligence Constructs

| |

| |

| |

SP VC FC | SP VC FC | SP VC FCMean for a normal pdf $100 $95 $50,000 | $100 $95 $50,000 | $100 $95 $50,000Random variates 94.80923 92.71506 60456.19 | 80.2557 76.1107 36905.72 | 87.4744 83.8405 46445.99Formatted RV 94 92 60500 | 80 76 36900 | 87 83 46400

| |

Elapsed time/Iterations 0.125 | 0.406 | 0.281 1Selling price $94.00 | $80.00 | $87.00Variable cost $92.00 | $76.00 | $83.00Contribution margin $2.00 | $4.00 | $4.00 >3

| |

Fixed cost $60,500 | $36,900 | $46,400Break even point 30,250 | 9,225 | 11,600 >2,000

Stochastic Simulation

Cholesky algorithm

Stochastic Simulation

Stochastic Simulation Artificial intelligence constructsCholesky algorithm

Cols 1 & 2 0.01062 Cols 1 & 2 0.94672 Cols 1 & 2 0.95322Cols 1 & 3 -0.00795 Cols 1 & 3 0.94598 Cols 1 & 3 0.95328Cols 2 & 3 -0.03778 Cols 2 & 3 0.94560 Cols 2 & 3 0.95367

119.6169 67.31519 52892.88 73.2765 75.4484 39909.04 114.5216 108.4818 59016.98106.8191 141.0323 55401.77 80.5387 77.7902 43982.18 79.4541 77.8316 42111.4298.16767 86.84706 58679.91 98.9461 101.0791 51060.19 98.8041 93.8839 48885.16128.5899 120.568 52540.85 62.1089 58.2918 32063.52 122.614 112.2128 59207.4120.8646 99.79727 51310.77 109.3834 103.5107 56770.09 126.5042 111.8183 62250.33104.3629 69.85332 66948.23 116.8359 111.0989 59589.01 139.1134 143.1519 73289.5792.32063 63.40165 47225.82 38.6561 33.5975 22541.34 114.4524 110.0374 59368.13

55.4005 81.63541 54707.41 118.7207 112.7058 62246.48 91.7954 80.49 51208.49105.2468 78.64905 69535.3 118.6383 120.4756 62562.13 109.6886 109.0414 54202.27

CalculateCalculateCalculate


Four situations with this set of values:1. Both variables significant: DL hrs & MC hrs2. DL hours significant3. MC hours significant4. Both variables insignificant

WinDoor Company specializes in making custom windows and doors for 'upscale homes'. Tito Rodriguez employs several framers and glazers to do the work for him. It is essential for him to have accurate indirect cost estimates so he can determine the price to charge the customer.

Tito has been using the job's direct labor hours for his indirect cost estimations. Recently he decided to include the machine hours - the direct labor hours and machine hours - as a cost driver. Their cost is significant because many jobs require time consuming machining for elaborate framing. Tito has kept careful records of these expenses for the last 12 months:

Technology: An example

August 2010

Total Indirect Direct Labor Machine

Date Costs Hours Hours

January $286,813 27,683 2,188

February $266,463 35,918 2,670

March $380,015 50,533 2,883

April $200,596 19,639 1,211

May $252,236 22,952 2,231

June $271,368 40,565 3,876

July $462,388 41,914 4,009

August $313,176 31,485 1,393

September $258,000 16,351 1,566

October $272,831 18,447 2,535

November $197,199 32,414 1,520

December $324,891 32,977 4,236

Using the regression analysis, determine the cost of a door frame that requires 25 direct labor hours and 14 machine hours.

Generate New Value Set


Cost Estimation: Multiple Regression QuestionTito has been using the job's direct labor hours for his indirect cost estimations. Recently he decided to include the machine hours - the direct labor hours and machine hours - as a cost driver. Their cost is significant because many jobs require time consuming machining for elaborate framing. Tito has kept careful records of these expenses for the last 12 months:

WinDoor Company specializes in making custom windows and doors for 'upscale homes'. Tito Rodriguez employs several framers and glazers to do the work for him. It is essential for him to have accurate indirect cost estimates so he can determine the price to charge the customer.

August 2010

Total Indirect Direct Labor MachineDate Costs Hours Hours

January $194,801 40,527 2,039February $347,841 25,429 2,479March $271,295 27,781 3,654April $141,579 12,013 2,193May $286,927 21,449 2,088June $309,883 39,315 3,081July $380,811 42,426 4,228August $310,579 22,716 1,768September $319,595 17,793 2,777October $215,630 17,646 1,082November $306,480 26,294 1,521December $296,291 32,545 3,510

Using the regression analysis, determine the cost of a door frame that requires 13 direct labor hours and 14 machine hours.A. $179,363B. $207,842C. $196,566D. $42,010E. You need to identify additional cost driver(s) and collect consistent and accurate data for further analysis.

LINEST y = mx + cDirect Labor Hours and Machine Hours Direct Labor Hours Machine Hours

m2 m1 C m1 C m2 CEstimates $26.12 $1.35 $178,979.68 $2.72 $207,807.02 $33.81 $196,092.82Standard error of the estimates 24.7026 2.3737 63,209 1.9965 57,362 19.9447 53,651 Coefficient of determination/Standard error for the y estimate0.2501 64,399 #N/A 0.1570 64,777 0.2233 62,179 F statistic/degrees of freedom 1.5011 9.0000 #N/A 1.8622 10.0000 2.8742 10.0000 Residual sum of squares 1.E+10 4.E+10 #N/A 8.E+09 4.E+10 1.E+10 4.E+10t value 1.0573 0.5680 1.3646 1.6954 units 14 13 13 14Total cost $179,362.87 $207,842.44 $196,566.21

Total cost

Neither Significant

MC Hrs Significant

DL Hrs Significant

Both Significant

Regenerate Question


Capital Expenditure

August 2010

What is the payback period for the new machine?

Omaha Plating Corporation is considering purchasing a machine for $484,310. The machine will generate an after-tax income of $28,800 per year for 3 years. The firm will use straight line depreciation for the new machine over 2 years with no residual value. Desired rate of return 3%.

A. 6.5B. 1.8C. 10.4D. 6.3E. 8.2

Cost machine $484,310 Year Net Income Depreciation Cash Flow Cumulative PV Cash Cumulative PVDepreciation period 2 Cash Flow Flow Cash FlowYearly depreciation $242,155 0 -$484,310 -$484,310 -$484,310 -$484,310

1 $28,800 $242,155 $270,955 -$213,355 $263,063 -$221,247After tax income $28,800 2 $28,800 $242,155 $270,955 $57,600 $255,401 $34,154

3 $28,800 $28,800 $86,400 $26,356 $60,510Years project income 3Desired rate of return 3%

Net Present Value $60,510Internal Rate of return 11.1%Payback Period 1.8Present Value Payback Period 1.9Book rate of return initial investment 5.95%Book rate of return (average investment) 11.89%

Insufficient Cash Flow Sufficient Cash Flow


ABC: Breakeven Analysis – Goal Seek

August 2010

Sports Plus, Inc., produces software for personal computers. The company’s main product is Swing!, a golf training program. The total variable cost of the product is $9.80. Fixed manufacturing expenses are $64,410 per month, and the price of the product is $327. In the coming year, the company plans to spend $104,430 for advertising and $47,680 for research and development. Because this proprietorship is managed from a personal residence, it incurs no other fixed costs. The federal and state tax rate for the proprietor is 40 percent. The company expects 6,080 units of sales for the next year.

Suppose that 20 percent of the manufacturing fixed costs are batch-level costs from testing and packaging. Because of the nature of the testing process, all production has the same batch size of 21 units. Calculate revised breakeven point.

A. 2,641 B. 3,347 C. 3,463 D. 4,424 E. 3,784

Optimal solution with Goal SeekVolume Based ABCFixed costs Batch size 21

Manufacturing $772,920 Batches 290Advertising $104,430 Batch level costs 20.00% $154,584Research & Development $47,680 Non batch costs $618,336

Total fixed costs $925,030 Cost per batch $533.05Cost per unit $25.38

Selling price $327.00 batches 126Variable costs $9.80 Units 2,641 Contribution margin $317.20 Selling price $327.00 $863,488Breakeven point 2,916 Variable costs

unit $9.80 $25,878batch $25.43 $67,164

Contribution margin $291.77 $770,446Fixed costs

Manufacturing $618,336Advertising $104,430Research & Development $47,680

Total Fixed Cost $770,446Profit before tax $0Tax $0Profit after tax $0

Generate Question & Solution


ABC: Multi Product - Solver

August 2010

The per unit manufacturing costs for 152,600 units of CB3668 and 49,600 units of GC1000 follow: CB3668 GC1000 Materials and purchased parts $6.30 $16.90 Direct labor $13.10 $12.40 Variable overhead $27.50 $29.10 Fixed overhead $38.10 $21.60 Manufacturing information for CB3668 and GC1000 Batch size 50 50 Cost per setup $303 $272 Machine hours 99,000 60,900

The federal and state rate is 30 percent.Compute the breakeven in units for the current manufacturing plan, assuming that setup costs vary with the number of batches. Assume that setup costs are the only costs that vary with the number of batches.

CG’s main two products are a circuit board (CB3668) and a graphic chip (GC1000) used in computers with enhanced graphics capabilities. Prices vary depending on the terms of sale and the size of the purchase; the average price for CB3668 is $106.00 and for GC1000 is $73.00. If the firm is able to take off, it might be able to raise prices, but it might have to reduce the price because of increased competition. The firm expects to sell for CB3668 152,600 units and for GC1000 49,600 units in the coming year, and sales are expected to increase in the following years. The future for CG looks very bright indeed, but it is new and has not developed a strong financial base. Cash flow management is a critical feature of the firm’s financial management, and top management must watch cash flow numbers closely.

Computer Graphics (CG) is a small manufacturer of electronic products for computers with graphics capabilities. The company has succeeded by being very innovative in product design. As a spin-off of a large electronics manufacturer (ElecTech), CG management has extensive experience in both marketing and manufacturing in the electronics industry. A long list of equity investors is betting that the firm will really take off because of the growth of specialized graphic software and the increased demand for computers with enhanced graphics capability. A number of market analysts say, however, that the market for the firm’s products is somewhat risky, as it is for many high-tech start-ups because of the number of new competitors entering the market, and CG’s unproven technology.

At present, CG is manufacturing the CB3668 and GC1000 in a plant leased from ElecTech using some equipment purchased from ElecTech. CG manufactures most of the parts in these two products. CG management is considering a significant reengineering project to significantly change the plant and manufacturing process. The project’s objective is to increase the number of purchased parts (to about 51 percent) and to reduce the complexity of the manufacturing process. This would also permit CG to remove some leased equipment and to sell some of the most expensive equipment in the plant.

General, selling, and administrative costs are $10.60 per unit and $718,600 fixed; these costs are not expected to differ for either the current or the proposed manufacturing plan.

Break EvenNew Set Values


Motivation, Effort, Feedback

August 2010


Anecdotal Evidence: Motivation, Effort, Feedback

August 2010

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree

Somewhat Disagree

Strongly Disagree

Neither Agree/Disagree

Abstain

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Practice4Performance motivated me to try harder in my course


Case, MiniCase, Exercise, Problem

August 2010


Practice4Performance

August 2010

McGraw-Hill Wiley

Cost Management: A Strategic EmphasisBlocher, Stout, Cokins

Financial Accounting in an Economic ContextPratt

Managerial AccountingGarrison, Noreen, Brewer

Advanced AccountingJeter, Chaney

P4P processes 12,000 questions in 90 minutes

http://www.practice4performance.com/

Questions??

http://www.practice4performance.com/

p4p presentation overview 1.p4p: behavioral issues technical issues 2.behavioral issues 3.motivation...

Documents

san francisco slide

san francisco1 slide

san francisco26 slide

san francisco27 slide

san francisco28 slide

san francisco2 slide

san francisco22 slide

san francisco4