p4p : provider portal for (p2p) applications
DESCRIPTION
P4P : Provider Portal for (P2P) Applications. Laird Popkin Pando Networks, Inc. Haiyong Xie Laboratory of Networked Systems Yale University. P2P : Bandwidth Usage. Traffic: Internet Protocol Breakdown 1993 - 2006. File-Types: Major P2P Networks - 2006. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
P4P : Provider Portal for (P2P) Applications
Laird PopkinPando Networks, Inc
Haiyong XieLaboratory of Networked Systems
Yale University
P2P : Bandwidth Usage
Up to 50-70% of Internet traffic is contributed by P2P applications
Cache logic research: Internet protocol breakdown 1993 – 2006;Velocix: File-types on major P2P networks.
Traffic: Internet Protocol Breakdown 1993 - 2006 File-Types: Major P2P Networks - 2006
A Fundamental Problem Network-oblivious P2P applications may not be network
efficient 50%-90% of existing local pieces in active users are downloaded externally Average P2P bit traverses 1000 miles / 5.5 metro hops in Verizon network
Traditional Internet architectural feedback to applications is limited: routing (hidden) rate control through coarse-grained TCP congestion feedback
Emerging applications such as P2P can have tremendous flexibility in shaping how data is communicated more information and feedback are needed to most effectively utilize
this flexibility, and for improving network efficiency
P4P Mission
Design a framework to enable better providers and applications cooperation ISP perspective: guide applications to achieve more
efficient network usage P2P perspective: better user experiences
P4P: provider portal for (P2P) applications a provider can be
a traditional ISP (e.g., AT&T, Verizon) or a content distribution provider (e.g., Akamai), or a caching provider (e.g., PeerApp)
The P4P Framework: Control Plane iTracker: a portal for each network resource provider
(iPortal) An iTracker provides multiple interfaces
Static topology / policy Provider capability Virtual cost …
iTracker of a provider can be identified in multiple ways e.g., through DNS SRV records; whois iTracker can be run by trusted third parties
iTracker access protected by access control
Virtual Cost Interface: Network’ Internal View PIDs: set of nodes each
called a PID E: set of links
connecting PIDs pe: the “virtual price”
of link e Usage of “virtual price”
vPrice can be used to rank peers, converted to peering weights vPrice reflects both network status and policy, e.g.,
OSPF weights higher prices on links with highest util. or higher than a threshold congestion volume (Briscoe)
PID1 PID2
PID3PID6
PID5 PID4
70
2030
10
6015 10
Virtual Cost Interface: Applications’ View ISP computes the cost from
one PID to another- link cost and routing
PID-pair costs are perturbed to increase privacy
PID1 PID2
PID3PID6
PID5 PID4
70
20
30 10
60
Applications query costs of related PID pairs, adjust traffic patterns to place less load on more “expensive” pairs
Interdomain: Application External View Application obtains cost for top (ASN, PID)
pairs
(AS1, PID1)
(AS2, PID2)
Intradomain cost + interdomain costFrom AS 1’s point view
Intradomain cost + interdomain costFrom AS 2’s point view
ISP A
Example: P4P Protocol for BT
1 4
3
2pTracker iTracker
peer
Information flow:1. peer queries pTracker
2/3. pTracker asks iTracker for virtual cost (occasionally)
4. pTracker selects and returns a set of active peers, according to both the virtual prices and its own P2P objective
Complete Set: Feb 21 to April 2008
FTTH 209% faster
Current P4P-WG: 70+ Members
CoreGroup
AT&T Bezeq Intl BitTorrent
Cisco Systems Comcast
Grid Networks Joost
LimeWire
Manatt Oversi
Pando Networks PeerApp
Solid State Telefonica Group
Velocix VeriSign
Telecom ItaliaVerizon Vuze
University of Toronto Univ of
Washington Yale University
Observers
AbacastAHT Intl
AjauntySlantAkamai
Alcatel LucentCableLabsCablevisionCox Comm
Exa Networks
Juniper NetworksLariat Network
Level 3 Communications
Limelight NetworksMicrosoft
MPAANBC Universal
NokiaOrange
Princeton University
RawFlowRSUC/GweepNet
SaskTelSolana Networks
Speakeasy NetworkStanford University
ThomsonTime Warner CableTurner Broadcasting
UCLA
ISPs, P2Ps, Researchers. Scope includes business processes, protocols, education, etc.
Discussions I: Possible modifications to/uses of IETF protocols
Trackerless p2p use a mechanism to locate iTrackers (e.g. DNS)
Tracker-based p2p A mechanism for clients to find their (ASN, PID) (i.e. easier
than IP mapping) A lookup mechanism for finding the iTracker for a given ASN.
Enable P2P to "play nice" with ISPs A mechanism for determining the ISPs usage policies, and the
user's usage against quota. Imagine using a cell phone without being able to tell how many minutes you've used.
A standard mechanism for marking "bulk data" (i.e. not time sensitive).
Discussions II: P4P Data Plane
Routers mark packets to provide faster, fine-grained feedbacks, e.g., virtual capacity to optimize multihoming cost and performance
- applications adjust traffic rates according to feedbacks
ISP BISP A
a
b
Applications mark importance of traffic