p5 – electrical circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/p5-electrical-circuits.pdf · what...

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P5 – Electrical Circuits

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Page 1: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

P5 – Electrical Circuits

Page 2: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

Electrostatics can be shocking.

Page 3: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

Electrostatics can be annoying – or even dangerous.

Page 4: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

Electrostatics can be annoying – or even dangerous.

Page 5: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

Electrostatics can be annoying – or even dangerous.

Page 6: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

Electrostatics can be useful.

Page 7: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

What is the difference?

• What is the difference between a series and parallel circuit?

• Which is which?

Page 8: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

What is the difference?

• Series circuit– The electrical current needs to pass through all of the components before it gets back to the battery

• Parallel circuits– The electrical current does not have to go through all of the components, the circuit has different branches 

Page 9: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

Current Rules

• Current is the same everywhere in a series circuit.

• Current splits at the branches in parallel circuits, this depends on the resistance of each branch. Higher resistance = lower current.

Page 10: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

Resistance

• The more resistance there is the less current is able to flow. Therefore more resistance causes less current.

• Resistance (Ω) = Voltage (V)Current (A)

Make the equation triangle for this equation

Page 11: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

A way of picturing what a resistor does

Page 12: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through
Page 13: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

What causes the current in this circuit?• The battery.But, what is it that actually makes the charges move?• The chemical reactions inside the battery cause a difference of some kind between the terminals of the battery.

Page 14: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

Here, a height difference (a difference in gravitational potential energy) causes the ball to move.

Page 15: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

Rules

Current• Series – The current is the same in all parts of a series circuit

• Parallel – The current splits at the joins depending on the resistance of the components on each path

Page 16: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

Rules

Resistance• Series – The resistance is added together• Parallel – The resistance decreases as there are additional paths for the current

Page 17: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

Rules

Voltage• Series – The sum of the voltage of each component is equal to the voltage supplied by the power supply

• Parallel – The voltage of each split is the same as supplied by the supply.

Page 18: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

Light dependant resistor (LDR)

As light intensity increases, resistance ………… The relationship is not linear.

Page 19: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

Thermistor (Temperature dependant)

Page 20: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

Electrical Power

• Every device uses a different amount of electrical power. This gives them their rating in Watts. 

• This is calculated as their voltage x the current they use:– Power (W) = Voltage (V) x Current (A)– P = VI

Page 21: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

Electrical Energy

• Everything converts this electrical power into energy depending on the duration of time that it is left on.

• Energy (J) = Power (W) x Time (s)• E = Pt

• Energy (kWh) = Power (kW) x time (h)

Page 22: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

Why kWh and not joule?

• How many joules in a kWh?• Energy = Power x timekWh = 1000W x (60x60)1kWh = 3 600 000J

• So why do we use kWhs to calculate your household energy usage and not joules?

Page 23: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

Generating Electricity

• There are three important points when considering generating electricity:– Movement– Electric Current – Magnetism

• If you have two of these you can create the third.

Page 24: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

Generator

Page 25: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

Increasing Output

1. Add an iron core2. Increase the number of turns3. Increase the speed of rotation

Page 26: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

Power Station

Page 27: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

Transformers

Page 28: P5 – Electrical Circuitsthebicesterschool.org.uk/.../2015/09/P5-Electrical-Circuits.pdf · What is the difference? • Series circuit – The electrical current needs to pass through

National Grid

• The national grid uses step up transformers to increase the voltage, which decreases the current.

• This reduces the lose of energy due to heat/friction in the cables.

• The voltage is then stepped down at a local level to be safe when people use it.