packaging, storage and transportation of horticultural produces: perspective bangladesh
TRANSCRIPT
Dr. Sreekanta SheelB.Sc. Agril. Engg - with major in Food Technology
M.Sc. (Agril. Engg) in Food Technology,
Ph.D in Food Technology
Logistics (Transportation & Storage) Expert
Supply Chain Development Component, NATP
Hortex Foundation
Outline of the Presentation
Introduction
Existing Packaging and Transportation System
Effect of Improper Packaging and Transportation
Post-harvest Loss of Fruits and Vegetables
Suggested Appropriate Packaging, Storage and
Transportation Practices
Constraints in Introduction of Improved Technology
on Packaging, Transportation and Storage
Recommendation
Conclusion
IntroductionAspect Changing
Speed
Attempt
Population (Need)High
but Limited Control
Productivity of cropsHigh
but Limited Success
Cultivable Land Very Low and Out of Control
Post-harvest Loss of
crops(Double tin compare to the
Developed Country)
Very Low
Scope for Intervene !
Hence, It is more important
to reduce post-harvest loss
than to increase productivity only !!
Existing Packaging and Transportation System being major cause for the Postharvest loss-
At Farmer’s Level (transportation from farmers’ yard to assembly market)
At Traders Level (transportation from assembly market to wholesale market)
Existing Packaging and Transportation System being major cause for the Postharvest loss!
An amount of 400-500 kg
Packaging and Transportation of Cut Flowers for Domestic MarketingWrapping with jute sack
Bamboo-mat boxes
Effect of Improper Packaging and Transportation
Lack of aeration due to compression,
poor ventilation hindering removal of heat , carbon-
di-oxide and water and entrance of oxygen
Effects:
high heat development in the package,
the produces overripe or softens;
produce wilts and develops off-flavours;
decay develops rapidly, shelf-life reduces and
the quality deteriorates
Effect of Improper Packaging (Contd…)
Exposure of packages to external heat, causes
deteriorations
Exposure to rain or high humidity;
Sharp objects of the packaging materials bruise the
produces
Throwing or dropping of packages, sudden starting
or stopping of vehicle, vibration, speeding loaded
vehicle on rough road cause damage the produces
Oversized packages, overfilled or stacked too high or
both, collapse during transport, deteriorate the shelf-
life and quality of the produce
Post-harvest Loss of Fruits and Vegetables (for the Year 2006-07)
Post-harvest Loss (%) Total
CropsProduction
(MT)Producer Collector Wholesaler Retailer Total
PH loss of
Crops
(MT)
Price Per
MT (Tk in
'000')
Total Price
(Tk in '000‘)
Mango (In Garden) 259120 2 5 22 4 33 85510 40 3420400
Pineapple (06-07) 238360 2 4 8 4 18 42905 25 1072625
Banana 1004520 2 4 8 6 20 200904 25 5022600
Papaya (In Garden) 33855 6 10 15 4 35 11849 25 296225
Lime (In Garden) 13835 4 8 14 2 28 3874 30 116220
Beans 82980 4 6 13 5 28 23234 20 464680
Carrot 9855 3 6 12 4 25 2464 15 36960
Cabbage 182685 4 7 9 5 25 45671 10 456710
Bitter gourd 34445 4 6 11 6 27 9300 20 186000
Tomato 136935 5 10 15 7 37 50666 15 759990
Okra 38715 3 10 13 8 34 13163 15 197445
Eggplant 110910 2 5 6 7 20 22182 12 266184
Chilies 153955 2 3 5 4 14 21554 50 1077700
Potatoes 5167000 3 4 12 6 25 1291750 10 12917500
Average % Loss 3.3 6.3 11.6 5.1 26.4
Total 7467170 18,25,026 26,29,1239
Suggested Appropriate Packaging and Storage Practices
1. Plastic Crate
A. Non-nesting Plastic Crates(Partly Introduced due to readily available with lower
price as it came with imported goods)
B. Nesting Plastic CratesNestable, as a result requires one fifth space in the transport for empty crates
Cost Benefit Analysis of Using Poly-sacks and Non-nesting Plastic Crates in Bangladesh
Nat
ure
of
Pac
kag
e
*Veg
etab
les
to b
e tr
ansp
ort
ed (
kg)
Pu
rch
ase
pri
ce p
er k
g (
Tk.
)
Cap
acit
y o
f P
acka
ge
(kg
)
Pri
ce p
er P
acka
ge
(Tk.
)
Pac
kag
ing
co
st (
Tk)
Tran
spo
rta
tio
nC
ost
(T
k.)
Tota
l Co
st o
f P
ack+
Tra
ns
(Tk.
)
Ove
rhea
d C
ost
per
kg
Tota
l Ove
rhea
d c
ost
(T
k.)
Tota
l Op
erat
ion
gC
ost
(T
k.)
PH
Lo
ss (
%)
Veg
Ob
tain
ed a
fer
tran
spo
r-ta
tio
n(k
g)
Sal
e p
rice
per
kg
(T
k.)
Tota
l Sal
e p
rice
(T
k.)
Tota
l pro
fit
(Tk.
)
Pro
fita
bili
ty (
%)
Bam
bo
o B
aske
t
and
Sac
k
10400 10 80 70 9100 6500 15600 0.15 1560 121160 3 10088 18 172505 51345 42.4
Pla
stic
Cra
te
7000 10 18 5 1944 10000 11944 0.15 1050 82994 1 6930 20 131670 48676 58.7
2. Ice Packaging with Styrofoam Box
3. Passive Modified Atmosphere Packaging (PMAP)
PMAP with cling wrapping
PMAP with perforated polythine
5. Ice Packaging of Cut Flower Using Insulated Fiberboard Carton
6. Cut Flower Packaging in Plastic Crates
• Bengal Polymer Wares Ltd. is manufacturing plastic crates
(Model: BW – 407) which can be suitably used as transport
package for cut flower.
•This crate can be also used in the other product transportation,
storage and handling.
7. Gerbera Cups
In Retailer’s Shop
Gerbera Cupping at
Farmers’ Level
8. Packaging of Rose
Water Packaging at Farmers’ Level
9. Introduction of Rose Cap
Rose capping at farmers’ level
10. Storage of Horticultural Produces at Zero Energy Evaporative Cooler (IARI Model)
Acts as a “Natural
Refrigerator” for short
term preservation of
fruits and vegetables,
milk, eggs, cooked foods
etc. at household level,
assembly and retail
market
More efficient during
the months of November
to May
11. CoolBottechnology for small scale cold rooms
A small-scale cold room using a modified room
air conditioner (developed by Boyett and Rohrbach
in 1993.)
The cost of installation of a CoolBot technology
for a 20 m2 small scale cold rooms having capacity
of 6 MT potato is around US$ 5000.00 only.
The coolbot technology utilizes a typical
window type air conditioning unit to create a cold
room capable of 0oC Coolbot cold room
Source: USAID Horticulture Project, RARS, Jessore
Constraints in Introduction of Improved Technology on Packaging, Transportation and Storage
Inadequacy of extension activity of appropriate post-harvest technologies for fruits and vegetables;
Technical manpower, research and development activities are inadequate;
Insufficiency of linkage among stakeholders;
Inadequacy of credit facilities at reasonable interest rates, for growers and traders;
Inadequacy of transport facilities especially for transporting fruits, vegetables and cut flowers;
Constraints (Contd…)
Poor road and market infrastructure coupled with lack of technical know-how also result in high post-harvest losses;
Absence of quality consciousness among consumers, leads to preference for poor quality and unsafe produce which is generally less costly;
Little sharing of information among farmers, traders, processors, researchers and extensionistson appropriate post-harvest technologies;
Poor linkages between Chambers of Commerce, industries, research institutions and extension agencies.
Recommendation Introduce the appropriate packaging (like nesting type crates, ice packaging,
PMAP), minimal processing and storage technologies (like ZEEC and CoolBot
Technology) by the concerned projects and line agencies
Subsidy should be provided in manufacturing, promotion, introduction and extension
of plastic crates to save the valuable agril. produces as that is being provided in
cases of fertilizer and diesel in production of the commodities
Appropriate national policies to be designed ensuring use of improved package to
address these issues if post-harvest losses are to be reduced .
A platform of networks should be created among growers, local traders ,
wholesalers, retailers, package manufacturer and suppliers and technology
providers
Financial and technical support for the development of packaging industries is
required particularly subsidy on plastic granule.
Initiate and coordinate awareness and training programs for producers and stake
holders on packaging & transportation and reducing post-harvest losses
Finally every step of the supply chain should be controlled. Cooperation among
producers, collectors, traders, transporters, retailers and government are the key to
achieving good management in post-harvest loss reduction.
Thank You