page 1 sustainable alternative fuels for aviation icao secretariat
TRANSCRIPT
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SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR AVIATION
ICAO Secretariat
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CO2 Emissions Trends
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Basket of measures
Improve efficiency
Aircraft technology
Aircraft operations
Incentivize emissions reduction Market Based Measures
Introducing low carbon footprint fuels
Sustainable alternative fuels
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“Low carbon footprint” fuel
CO2
• CO2 emitted by combustion up-taken by plant growth Neutral
• Only CO2 emitted for fuel production is accounted for in a Life Cycle Approach (LCA)*
Example: biofuels
* LCA: accounting for emissions all steps of the fuel life, from plant growth to end use in aircraft
Potential to reduce GHG emissions
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“Drop-in” fuels
• Road transportation biofuels not suitable for aviation
• Severe constraints of use on aviation fuels– Freezing point (- 47 °C)– Energy contain– …
• Compatibility with existing system– “DROP-IN” fuel
• Aviation fuels need to be approved– ASTM, DEFSTAN,…– First alternative fuels approved in 2009 and 2011
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Pathways to sustainable fuels
Simplified view of pathways for alternative jet fuels
Micro-algae
Oleaginous plants
Tri-glycerides Hydroprocessing
Recycled oil
Animal fats
Hydroprocessing
Sugar crops
Sugar & starch Fermentation
Cereals
""Alcohol-to-Jet"
Cellulosic plants
Macro-algae Lignocellulose Fischer-Tropsh
Residues Municipal wastes
Drop-in Jet Fuel(& diesel)
Components
Yeast, algae
Hydrolysis Alcohol
Hydrocarbons
Waste gases
Approved
Approved
(HEFA)
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Example of biofuels GHG savings
Conventional kerosene
Switchgrass
Short rotation forestry
Miscanthus
Microalgaes
Rapeseed
Jatropha
Camelina
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Potential GHG emission reduction with biofuelsIndicative mean values*
Well to TankTank to wake
GHG emission gCO2eq/MJfuel Source: SWAFEA
* with no land use change Variation range (depending on cultivation conditions)
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Progress status
• 2 alternative fuel pathways approvedAdditional approvals underway
• First commercial flights in 2011More than 1500 flights by July 2012
• First regular flights initiated in 2013
• First supply agreements signed by airlines
Feasibility is demonstrated, next step is to deploy
…
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In a nut shell
• Potential for significant emissions reductions– Depends on feedstock type and cultivation, conversion process…
• Emissions reductions achievable with existing aircraft• Benefits will depend on:
– the availability of such fuels and the time profile of their deployment– their actual lifecycle emissions reduction
• Challenges– Decreasing production cost– Investment in feedstock production and conversion facilities– Ensuring a sustainable deployment
A policy support from States is required
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ICAO and sustainable alternative fuels
• A facilitator for the development and deployment– Providing fora for education, outreach and exchanges– Supporting exchange and dissemination of information– Facilitating development of standardized definitions, methodologies
and processes
• A key actor to provide a global view– Data collection and State’s Action Plan– Projection and scenarios – Trends assessment
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• Global Framework on Aviation Alternative Fuels (GFAAF)– A database on aviation alternative fuels
(http://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/GFAAF/Pages/default.aspx)
• ICAO’s conference and workshops– Rio de Janeiro 2009– Montréal 2009 & 2011
• Rio+20: the ICAO’s “Flightpath” initiative– Four connecting flights using biofuels from Montréal to Rio de Janeiro
• ICAO’s SUSTAF Experts Group– Analysis of the challenges and recommendations– Outcomes available on the GFAAF
ICAO achievements
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• Visit the GFAAF websitehttp://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/GFAAF/Pages/default.aspx
• Read the SUSTAF experts group report (available on the GFAAF)
• Read Environmental Report chapter 4
For more information
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Additional information
For more information on our activities, please visit ICAO’ website: http://www.icao.int/env