page 1smart grid research consortium – october 20-21, 2011 distribution automation technical...

Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011

Distribution AutomationTechnical Background & Current Trends

Dan MurraySiemens Energy, Inc.

Smart Grid ConferenceRosen Shingle Creek Resort, Orlando, Florida

October 20-21 2011


Topics

Overview of several Distribution Automation Applications

Technical Considerations when implementing DA Applications Architectures Sensors Communications / Cyber security Control Technologies

Other Considerations when implementing DA Applications Current System Configuration (that is to say, your starting point) Policies and Standards Human Resources / Skill Sets ROI / Budget

DA Implementation Strategies

Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011Source: [1] Leveraging AMI and BPL Technologies at CenterPoint: Energy to Build the Intelligent Grid of the Future – Don Cortez

Distribution Automation TrendsExample: CenterPoint Smart Grid Strategy


Select DA Applications

Fault Detection Isolation and Service Restoration (FLIR or FLISR) reduces the impact of outages.

Volt/VAR Control provides greater network efficiency through improved monitoring and regulation of power on distribution lines.

Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) reduces load during peak periods.


Fault Location Isolation and Service Restoration (FLIR or FLISR)General Description

Fault Location, Isolation, and Service Restoration Detects occurrence of a fault on a distribution feeder. Determines the location of the fault between 2 switches or reclosers. Isolates the faulted section between nearest switch and/or recloser. Restores service to “healthy” portions of the feeder while maintaining

safe loading limits on the second source.


Fault Detection Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR)Typical Operation Today without FLISR


Fault Detection Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR)Improved Performance using FLISR


Fault Detection Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR)Benefits

Source: [2] “Equipment for Feeder Automation - Recent Trends in Feeder Automation Seminar”IEEE PES Miami Chapter Miami, Florida June 2, 2005, John McDonald, KEMA, Inc.

Revenue per Distribution Mile

IOU $62,665

Muni $86,302

Coop $10,565

Source: 2006 RUS/EIA data


Volt/VAR ControlGeneral Description

Volt/VAR Control provides greater network efficiency through improved monitoring and regulation of power on distribution lines. Regulation performed through coordinated use of cap banks and

voltage regulators. If DMS is used, then On Line Power Flow (OLPF) may help

determine what control actions to take.


Conservation Voltage ReductionGeneral Description

Conservation Voltage Reduction Flattens the voltage profile across the feeder. Allows monitoring of lowest voltage point to ensure it is above

minimum acceptable voltage level. Determines the necessary control actions to accomplish CVR.


System ArchitectureNIST Smart Grid Conceptual Model – Detailed View

Source: [3] Interoperability and Cyber Security Plan, NRECA CRN Smart Grid Regional Demonstration, Grant DE-OE-0000222


Centralized vs. Decentralized refers to where the switching logic resides.

Centralized at Centralized Decentralized Control Center at the Substation Peer-to-peer

Centralized vs. Decentralized ArchitectureOverview


Centralized vs. Decentralized Architecture Comparison

Consideration Centralized Decentralized

Cost DMS: Higher starting cost Lower starting cost

Complexity Greater time to implement Less time to implement

Skills DMS requires more

advanced skills for implementation

Most substation engineering skills portable to DA applications

Suggested Use

Good starting position with existing SCADA

Many feeders to be automated

Many DA functions to be implemented

Often used is SCADA can not be upgraded

Suitable for limited deployment (based on cost) or when “patching” system


Fault Detection Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR)Components when using Peer-to-Peer Logic Approach

Decentralized Feeder Automation

Municipals and Cooperatives Standardize on products Available skills and expertise Cost-Driven Small Annual Budgets (Short Cycle)

Better Performance Standardization Simplicity Lower Cost Short Cycle business

Concept

Switches IED Family

+ +

Software

+

Wireless

+

Substation HMI (Option)


Fault Detection Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR)System Integration when using Peer-to-Peer Logic

1. Automated Primary Switches/Reclosers2. Smart Controller3. High Speed Communication4. Communication Protocol (DNP / IEC 61850)5. Software Configuration Tools6. Smart Fault Detection Capability 7. Smart Switching Logic


Fault Location Isolation and Service Restoration (FLIR or FLISR)Benefits from Peer-to-Peer Approach

Problem: Keeping the lights on! Reduce outage size and duration. Locate faults faster with less driving time. Reduce crew size to isolate and restore. Reduce windshield time, particularly with

long distribution lines.

Compelling Solution: Allows utilities to “do more with less” Fast transfer scheme for critical load (e.g., hospital or industrial acct.) Perform isolation and restoration faster than standard recloser and

sectionalizer technology, and sometimes at a lower CAPEX cost. Increase billing revenue through fewer and smaller outages. Improve customer service – Resolve outages before customer calls. Provide the ability to service a larger territory with fewer linemen. Make use of adaptive settings for storm conditions to reduce SCADA

operator work load.


Fault Detection Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR)Peer-to-Peer Example: A&N Electric Coop


Communication ProtocolsComparison

Protocol Pro Con

DNP 3.0DNP over TCP/IP

90% utilities using it Relatively easy to use Training classes available

No object model No peer-to-peer Limited security

IEC 61850

More utilities using it Contains object model Native peer-to-peer Future enhancements to

the standard to support DG and comm to SCADA

More complex than DNP Interoperability issues

remain but improving Engineering tools are

average but improving

Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011Source: [4] “Smart GridNet” Architecture for Utilities. Alcatel-Lucent Strategic White Paper.

Telecommunication OptionsCommercial Carriers


Telecommunication OptionsDirection of Wireless Technologies


Communication Technology DeploymentComparison

Deployment Utilities owns network Carrier owns network

Control Full control over life cycle Full bandwidth following

storm event

Little to no control

Cost

Higher CAPEX cost Radio: One-time expense

of $1,000+ per node

Generally lower CAPEX cost

On-going maintenance cost

Complexity Radio: sight survey Requires expertise

Outsource expertise

Security Usually the most secure Requires expertise

Can be reasonably secured

Outsource expertise


Project Management

Engineering

Production

System Test

Support

DA Implementation Strategies

Requirements planning Evaluating your system starting

position Cost / Benefits Analysis Perform pilots and limited deployment Implementation resources available

NRECA website (architecture framework and cyber security)

NIST


Questions?

Dan MurrayMarketing ManagerMobile: (408) [email protected]

Thank you!


References

[1] Leveraging AMI and BPL Technologies at CenterPoint: Energy to Build the Intelligent Grid of the Future – Don Cortez

[2] “Equipment for Feeder Automation - Recent Trends in Feeder Automation Seminar” IEEE PES Miami Chapter Miami, Florida June 2, 2005, John McDonald, KEMA, Inc.http://www.ece.fiu.edu/docs/Seminar/John%20MacDonald/Equipment%20for%20Feeder%20Automation.pdf

[3] Interoperability and Cyber Security Plan, NRECA CRN Smart Grid Regional Demonstration, Grant DE-OE-0000222http://www.nreca.coop/press/NewsReleases/Documents/InteroperabilityCyberSecurityPlan.pdf

[4] “’Smart GridNet’ Architecture for Utilities,” Strategic White Paper, Alcatel-Lucent, 2007.

page 1smart grid research consortium – october 20-21, 2011 distribution automation technical...

Documents

smart grid research

flisr slide

intelligent grid

distribution feeder

fault location isolation

service restoration

distribution lines

ruseia data slide