78701112.book page 504 monday, april 29, 2002 1:49...

78701112.BOOK Page 504 Monday, April 29, 2002 1:49 PM

I N D E X

Symbols? (question mark), context-sensitive help, 70, 76

Numerics100 Mbps Ethernet, 4310Base2 Ethernet, 1510Base5 Ethernet, 1510BaseT Ethernet, 15

connectivity recommendations in hierarchical model, 44

router interfaces, 4672500 series routers, 477700 series routers, 469–470

10BaseT Ethernet interface, 467commands, 465–468configuration, 466, 469–470configuring ISDN switches that interface with,

467ISDN interfaces, 468naming, 467profiles, 464–465

creating, 468displaying configuration for, 466moving between, 466

reloading with default configuration, 466service support, 463–464static routes, establishing, 468

AAARP (AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol),

440access layer (hierarchical model for network

design), 8access lists

applying to router interfaces, 305applying to multiple router interfaces, 303blocking FTP traffic from a specific subnet,

319–320blocking Telnet traffic from a specific subnet,

320–321blocking traffic from a specific host, 313

blocking traffic from a specific subnet, 313–314blocking traffic from external networks,

311–312condition tests, 302–303, 305configuration

commands for, 304–306guidelines, 322–324

creating before applying to router interfaces, 304

defaults, 304displaying contents of, 324extended, 300

IP, 305, 317–321IPX, 305

functionality of, 299guidelines for implementing, 303–304inbound, 300–301IP, 298

displaying contents, 324extended, numbers for, 300extended, configuration, 317–321

IPX, 350–353displaying contents, 360–361extended, 305, 352, 355linking to router interfaces, 353SAP filters, 352, 356–360standard, 351, 353–355test conditions, 350verifying, 360–361

justification for, 298–300mechanics of, 300–302monitoring, 324–325named

IP, 305, 321–322IPX, 305

numbersfor IP/IPX access lists, 305guidelines for using, 303

outbound, 300–302, 312removing from router interfaces, 311standard, 300

IP, 305, 310–314IPX, 305

statementsadding, 304deny, 302, 305implicit deny any, 303


506

matching, 302numbering, 311order, 302organization for efficiency, 304permit, 302, 304–305

traffic filtering capabilities, 304verifying, 324–325

access-class command, 315–316, 325access-group command, 305, 307, 355access-list command, 304, 307, 310, 318, 325, 353,

355, 362ACLs (Access Control Lists). See access listsaddress mapping

Frame Relay connections, 414–418Address Resolution Protocol. See ARPaddress violation command, 176addresses

AppleTalk, 438–439dynamic assignment, 440–441extended, 439–440

BIA, 20dynamic MAC addresses (switch ports), 170IP addresses, 237

assigning host names to, 238–239assigning to router interfaces, 237broadcast addresses, 231–232calculating address space, 233classes, 222–224components, 25configuration, 237–241configuring for switches, 167denying router interface access with

access lists, 308displaying for hosts, 240–241dotted decimal format, 26format, 221Frame Relay VCs, mapping, 414host addresses, 224–226host number, 221identifying, 233–235mapping to MAC sublayer addresses with

ARP, 218network number, 221network schemes, 221permitting access to router interfaces with

access lists, 308subnet addresses, 226–227

subnet masks, 227–231verifying for switches, 168wildcard masking, 307–310

IPX addresses, 332–333logical addresses, 24–26MAC addresses, 19

in IPX addresses, 333MAC address table storage on Catalyst

1900 series switch, 171permanent MAC addresses (switch ports),

171–172static MAC addresses (switch ports),

172–173switches, learning, 146–148

addressing. See also addresses700 series routers

10BaseT Ethernet interfaces, 467ISDN interfaces, 468

end stations, 18IP addressing (switches), 83

address-violation command, 174administrative distance (routes), 256–259advertisements (VTP), 191all subnets broadcasts, 232American Registry of Internetwork Numbers

(ARIN), 222AND operation (Boolean), 230any keyword (access lists), 309AppleTalk

addresses, 438–439dynamic assignment, 440–441extended, 439–440

client/server environment, 438configuration, 443–453discovery mode, 447–450functionality, 438protocol stack versus OSI reference model,

437–438router global configuration parameters,

displaying, 452–453router interfaces, displaying information for,

451routing, enabling, 444routing table content displays, 451–452services, 441–443versions, 438

access lists


507

zone table information displays, 452zones, 441–443

AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol, 440appletalk cable-range command, 445–447, 454appletalk discovery command, 448, 454appletalk protocol command, 444, 454appletalk routing command, 444, 454appletalk zone command, 445, 454application layer (OSI reference model Layer 7), 11ARIN (American Registry of Internetwork

Numbers), 222ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), 215, 218ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits), 21ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode), 373AUI (attachment unit interface), 16authentication

CHAP, 380–383PAP, 379–383

Autoinstall utility, 131autonomous systems, 256AUX ports, 65

Bb command, 476b flash command, 476backbone layer, 9backup IOS images, 137–139Backward Explicit Congestion Notification, 414balanced hybrid routing protocols, 276bandwidth, 26, 55, 105bandwidth command, 105, 420banner motd command, 102Basic Rate Interface. See BRIBECN (Backward Explicit Congestion

Notification), 414BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), 249BIA (burned-in-address), 20blocking state (Spanning Tree), 160Boolean operations, 230boot field, 130, 476Boot ROM mode (router initialization), 84boot sequence (routers), 124–125, 128boot system command, 127boot system flash command, 127, 479

boot system rom command, 127boot system tftp command, 127booting router configuration register from Flash

memory, 477, 479bootstrap code (routers), 126–128Border Gateway Protocol, see BGPBPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit), 156–158branch offices, 5BRI (Basic Rate Interface), ISDN, 387

call processing, 391–392components of, 390enabling, 395–397

bridge IDs (Spanning Tree), 157bridge loops, 150Bridge Protocol Data Unit, 249bridged/switched networks. See also VLANs

characteristics of, 22, 24bridges, 30. See also devices, switches

criteria for selecting, 32, 34filtering, 22flooding, 22forwarding tables, 22operation at the data link layer, 21–24source-route bridging, 22translational bridging, 22versus switches, 162

bridgingdefinition of, 145disabling over 700 series router ISDN

interfaces, 468broadcasts. See also VLANs

addresses (IP), 231–232domains, 16, 18

routers, 181switches, 181

frames, 150SAP broadcasts, 338storms (frames), eliminating, 151–152

burned-in-address, 20

burned-in address


508

Ccabling

console ports, 64crossover cable, 51–52DCE, 372DTE, 372Ethernet, 45–46LANs, 41

connection types, 46Ethernet implementations, 44–45Ethernet media/connector requirement

considerations, 45implementations, 43requirements based on media, 52–53UTP implementation, 47–52

rollover cables, 64standards, 15–16straight-through cable, 48–50variety in a network environment, 52WANs, 53, 55

call command, 470carrier sense multiple access collision detection, 17Catalyst switches. See switchesCategory 5 wiring, 53cd command, 466CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol), 113

disabling on a device, 116displaying detailed CDP information about

neighboring devices, 118–119displaying general CDP information about

neighboring devices, 116–117displaying device CDP information, 115–116functionality, 113–115network device support, 114packets, 116preventing other devices from obtaining

information, 116re-enabling on a device, 116startup, 114

cdp command, 120cdp enable command, 116

CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol), 377, 380–383

CIR (committed information rate), Frame Relay, 414circuit switching (WANs), 369Cisco Discovery Protocol. See CDPClass A IP addresses, 222–224Class B IP addresses, 222–224Class C IP addresses, 222–224Class D IP addresses, 222–224Class E IP addresses, 222–224clear frame-relay-inarp command, 423clear line command, 123CLI (command-line interface), IOS, 67client mode (VTP), 189–190clock rate command, 105collision domains, 16, 18collisions, 16–18command history buffer

routers, 93–94switches, 77–78

command modesIOS, 69–70switches, changing between, 75

command scripts (router configuration), 88command-line interface, 67command-line mode (switch logon), 75commands

abbreviating, 77, 92access-class, 315–316, 325access-group, 305, 307, 355access-list, 304, 307, 310, 318, 325, 353, 355,

362address-violation, 174, 176appletalk cable-range, 445, 447, 454appletalk discovery, 448, 454appletalk protocol, 444, 454appletalk routing, 444, 454appletalk zone, 445, 454b, 476b flash, 476bandwidth, 105, 420banner motd, 102boot system, 127boot system flash, 127, 479boot system rom, 127boot system tftp, 127

cabling

78701112.BOOK 08 Monday, April 29, 2002 1:49 PM

509

call, 470cd, 466cdp, 120cdp enable, 116clear frame-relay-inarp, 423clear line, 123clock rate, 105config-register, 129–130, 474configure terminal, 100, 134, 474, 479connect, 120context-sensitive help, 70copy flash tftp, 138copy nvram tftp, 175, 177copy running-config tftp, 134copy running-configuration startup-

configuration, 101, 133copy running-configuration tftp, 133copy startup-configuration running-

configuration, 133copy tftp, 176copy tftp flash, 139–140copy tftp nvram, 175copy tftp running-config, 134debug apple routing, 454debug dialer, 406–407debug frame-relay lmi, 424, 432debug ip igrp events, 289, 294debug ip igrp transactions, 288, 294debug ip rip, 282, 294debug ipx routing, 345debug ipx routing activity, 348–349, 362debug ipx sap activity, 345, 349–350, 362debug isdn q391, 406debug isdn q921, 406–407debug isdn q931, 407debug ppp authentication, 384delete nvram, 176–177delete vtp, 191, 195, 200dialer idle-timeout, 406dialer list, 406dialer map, 403dialer map id, 406dialer-group, 402, 404, 406dialer-list, 401disconnect, 123duplex, 169enable, 474

enable password, 103enable secret, 103, 482encapsulation frame-relay, 431encapsulation hdlc, 374, 384encapsulation isl, 243, 245encapsulation ppp, 381, 384erase startup-configuration, 134exec-timeout 0 0, 104finding with context-sensitive help, 76frame-relay inverse-arp, 431frame-relay lmi-type, 431frame-relay map, 421, 431global commands (routers), 100hostname, 381initialize, 481interface, 104, 200, 342interface serial, 428, 432ip access-group, 304–305, 311, 319, 325ip access-list, 325ip address, 167, 176, 237, 245ip classless, 293–294ip default-gateway, 168, 176, 237, 245ip directed-broadcast, 232ip domain-lookup, 240ip host, 239, 245ip name-server, 239, 245ip netmask-format, 245ip route, 252, 294, 401ipx access-group, 353, 355, 362ipx input-sap-filter, 362ipx maximum-paths, 341ipx network, 336, 341–342, 361ipx output-sap-filter, 362ipx routing, 332, 340, 361isdn spid1, 397, 406isdn spid2, 397, 406isdn switch-type, 396isdn switch-type basic, 406line, 316line console 0, 102line vty, 325line vty 0 4, 103logging synchronous, 104mac-address-table permanent, 171, 176mac-address-table restricted static, 172, 176major commands, 100maximum-paths, 278

maximum-paths


510

net boot, 127network, 277, 279, 285, 294no access-list, 311no address-violation, 174no appletalk discovery, 450no cdp enable, 116no cdp run, 116no debug all, 294no ip access-group, 311no ip default-gateway, 168no ip domain-lookup, 240, 245no mac-address-table permanent, 171no mac-address-table restricted static, 172no port secure, 173no shutdown, 107, 407, 482options, displaying, 76ping, 124, 405, 470ping ipx, 345, 350port secure, 173, 176ppp authentication, 382ppp authentication chap, 384ppp authentication pap, 384privileged EXEC mode,

displaying, 91listing availability, 70

reboot, 470recalling, 77, 93–95reload, 474resume, 123router, 277, 294router igrp, 285router rip, 279service password-encryption, 103, 381set 1 spid, 467set bridging off, 468set default, 466set ip address, 467–468set ip netmask, 467–468set ip route destination 0.0.0.0/0 gateway

0.0.0.0, 468set ip routing on, 467–468set switch, 467set systemname, 467set user, 468show, displaying options for, 76show access-lists, 324show appletalk globals, 452–454

show appletalk interface, 454show appletalk route, 451, 454show appletalk zone, 452, 454show cdp, 115–116show cdp interface, 120show cdp neighbors, 116–117show cdp neighbors detail, 118–119, 334show cdp traffic, 119show config, 466show dialer, 405, 407show flash, 131, 137show frame-relay lmi, 422, 432show frame-relay map, 423, 432show frame-relay pvc, 422–423, 432show history, 94show hosts, 240show interface, 106, 169, 383–384, 421show interfaces, 80–81, 107–110, 169, 176show ip, 82, 168, 176show ip access-lists, 324–325show ip interface, 324–325show ip protocols, 279, 281, 287, 294show ip route, 280, 288, 294, 406–407show ipx access-list, 360, 362show ipx interface, 345–346, 360–361show ipx route, 345–347, 362show ipx servers, 345, 347–348show ipx traffic, 345, 348show isdn active, 405, 407show isdn status, 406–407show mac-address-table, 170, 172–173, 176show mac-address-table security, 174show run, 166show running-configshow running-configuration, 79–80, 98–99,

132, 281show sessions, 121show spantree, 167, 199–200show startup-configuration, 98–99, 132, 482show trunk, 196, 200show user, 122show version, 78–79, 98, 128, 175–176, 473show vlan, 197, 200show vlan-membership, 167, 199–200show vtp, 191, 195, 200shutdown, 107, 406–407telnet, 120, 405

net boot


511

term ip netmask-format, 238, 245terminal editing, 96terminal history size, 94trace, 124traffic-share, 286, 294trunk, 196upload, 466user EXEC mode


username, 381, 384variance, 294vlan, 197, 200vlan-membership, 198vtp, 195vtp domain, 200where (UNIX), 122who (UNIX), 122write, 101write memory, 101

committed information rate, 414condition testing (access lists), 302–305config-register command, 129–130, 474configuration, 469–470

access listscommands for, 304–306guidelines, 322–324

AppleTalk, 443–453CHAP, 382–383DDR over ISDN, 400–406default routes, 254dynamic routing, 276–277extended IP access lists, 317–321Frame Relay subinterfaces, 425, 428–431

Frame Relay multipoint subinterfaces, 430–431

Frame Relay point-to-point subinterfaces, 429–430

gateways for switches, 167HDLC encapsulation in WANs, 374IGRP, 285–286inter-VLAN routing, 243IP addresses, 167, 237–241IPX routing, 339–344named IP access lists, 321–322PAP, 382–383

PPP encapsulationin WANs, 379–383verifying, 383–384

RIP, 279routers

active, 132backup, 132CLI configuration method, 99–110command script, 88console passwords, 102copying into RAM, 133copying RAM configuration to TFTP

server, 133copying running configuration to

NVRAM, 133copying saved NVRAM configuration to

RAM, 133deleting NVRAM files, 134displaying current, 99displaying current configuration running

in RAM, 132displaying current configuration saved in

NVRAM, 132displaying saved configuration, 99displaying system information, 98downloading from TFTP server, 134Frame Relay, 418–424global parameters, 85initial configuration, 84–89initial protocol settings, 87IPX, 334interfaces, 104–110loading, 131–132loading parameters into RAM, 131message-of-the-day banner, 101modifying, 89–91moving between routers/router

components, 132moving configuration/system files, 136permissable access locations, 68–69ports on modular cards, 60remote terminal/console configuration

method, 134running, 131–132saving to NVRAM, 101setup mode, 84

configuration


512

system configuration, 85uploading to TFTP server, 134vty passwords, 103

Spanning Tree, displaying status of, 199–200standard IP access lists, 310–314static Frame Relay maps, 420–421static routes, 252subnet masks for switches, 167switches, 165

CLI configuration method, 82–83default, 68, 165–167displaying active configuration files,

79–80downloading from TFTP server, 175global configuration mode, 82interface configuration mode, 82interfaces (duplex mode), 168–170IP configuration, displaying current, 82permissable access locations, 68–69port security, 173–174resetting to factory defaults, 176trunk ports, 196–197uploading to TFTP server, 175

trunks, 196–197VLANs

default requirements, 194guidelines, 194overwriting, 192prerequisite steps, 194

VTP, 195–197configuration modes (switches), 167–168configuration register (routers), 126

bit meanings, 475boot field, 476boot field settings, 130booting from Flash memory, 477, 479contents, setting, 474default settings, changing, 129displaying, 128, 473, 481factory defaults, 473listing setting for, 129settings, changing, 473–479values, 127

configuration revision number (switches), resetting, 191–192

configure terminal command, 100, 134, 474, 479connect command, 120

connectionless protocols, 29, 207connection-oriented protocols, 29, 207connections (TCP), establishing, 211–213connectivity

devices, verifying, 124WAN options, 368–369

connectorsEthernet specifications, ??–4545jacks, 48RJ-45 connector, 46, 48wiring standards, 48

console connections (network devices), setup, 64–65console error messages

routers, 92–93switches, 77

console password (routers), configuring, 102console ports (routers), 64context-sensitive help (commands), 70

routers, 92, 94–96switches, 76–77

controller configuration mode (routers), 100convergence (Spanning Tree), 161–162copy flash tftp command, 138copy nvram tftp command, 175, 177copy running-config tftp command, 134copy running-configuration startup-

configuration command, 101, 133copy running-configuration tftp command, 133copy startup-configuration running-

configuration command, 133copy tftp command, 176copy tftp flash command, 139–140copy tftp nvram command, 175copy tftp running-config command, 134core layer (hierarchical model for network design), 9corporate networks. See internetworks, LANs,

WANscounting to infinity (routing loops), 266CPE (customer premises equipment), ISDN, 370,

392–394crossover cable, 51–52CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access collision

detection), 17cut-through mode switching, 162

configuration


513

Ddata circuit-terminating equipment, 57, 371-372Data Delivery Protocol, 438data encapsulation. See encapsulationdata link layer (OSI reference model Layer 2), 18,

437devices, 21–24, 30functionality of, 18–19functions of, 18–19LLC sublayer, 19–21MAC sublayer, 19–20

data terminal equipment, See DTEdata-link connection identifiers, See DLCIsDB-60 connectors (routers), 371DCE, (data circuit-terminating equipment), 57,

371–372DDP (Datagram Delivery Protocol), 438DDR (dial-on-demand routing), 299, 387

identifying interesting traffic with access lists, 299

ISDNcharacteristics of, 397–400configuration, 400–406connections, 398dialer information configuration for router

interfaces, 402–403operation, 399–400specifying interesting traffic, 401–402troubleshooting, 406verifying configuration/operation,

405–406setup, 397

debug apple routing command, 454debug dialer command, 406–407debug frame-relay lmi command, 424, 432debug ip igrp events command, 289, 294debug ip igrp transactions command, 288, 294debug ip rip command, 282, 294debug ipx routing activity command, 345,

348–349, 362debug ipx sap activity command, 345, 349–350,

362debug isdn q921 command, 406–407debug isdn q931 command, 406–407debug ppp authentication command, 384

de-encapsulation, 14default routes, configuration, 254delay, 26delete nvram command, 176–177delete vtp command, 191, 195, 200demarcation (WANs), 370deny statement (access lists), 302, 305designated port (Spanning Tree), 156desktop layer, 8devices. See also bridges, hubs, routers, switches

accessing via console port, 458–461AUX ports, 65CDP, re-enabling, 116CDP information

displaying, 115–116preventing other devices from obtaining,

116console connections, setup, 64–65criteria for selecting, 32, 34data link layer devices, 21–24, 30determining IP address components with subnet

masks, 227–231figure icons for, xxHyperTerminal terminal emulation session

components for enabling, 457creating, 458–461disconnecting, 461reconnecting, 461

interfacesdisplaying configuration about, 120displaying status information about, 120

IP addresses, 224ISL configuration, 186latency, 163neighboring

communication between, 115displaying detailed CDP information

about, 118–119displaying general CDP information

about, 116–117displaying general information about, 115

network connectivity, verifying, 124network layer devices, 31NT1 devices, 62physical layer devices, 30PPP connections, establishing, 378–379

devices


514

remote (Telnet sessions), 120–123routes, displaying, 124Telnet sessions, ending, 123traffic, displaying information about, 119URL prefixes, 135

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), 215, 219-220

dialer idle-timeout command, 406dialer map command, 403dialer map ip command, 406dialer-group command, 402–406dialer-list command, 401, 406dial-on-demand routing, 299, 387directed broadcasts, 232disabling router interfaces, 107disconnect command, 123distance vector routing protocols

characteristics of, 260routes, 261–263

distribution layer (hierarchical model for network design), 9

DLCIs (data-link connection identifiers), 414DNS (Domain Name System), 239Domain Name System, 239domains

adding switches to, 195broadcast, 16–18broadcast domains, 179–181collision, 16–18segmentation by routers, 27VTP domains, 188

dotted decimal notation (IP addresses), 26, 221DTE (data terminal equipment), 57, 371–372duplex command, 169dynamic AppleTalk address assignment, 440–441Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), 215,

219-220dynamic MAC addresses (switch ports), 170dynamic membership mode (VLANs), 184–185dynamic routes, 251dynamic routing

configuration, 276–277protocols for, 254–276

EEGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol), 256EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing

Protocol), 249, 258, 276enable command, 474enable password (routers), 86enable password command, 103enable secret command, 103, 482enable secret password (routers), 86encapsulation, 13–14

HDLC, configuration in WANs, 374IPX packets, 334–337ISLs, 187–188Layer 2 (WANs), 372–374PPP (WANs)

characteristics of, 375–379configuration, 379–383verifying configuration, 383–384

SAP encapsulation, 337encapsulation frame-relay command, 431encapsulation hdlc command, 374, 384encapsulation isl command, 243, 245encapsulation ppp command, 381, 384encryption (MD5), 86end stations

communication between at the transportlayer, 29

physical addressing, 18Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, 249,

258, 276enterprise services, 9erase startup-configuration command, 134error messages

routers, 92–93switches, 77

Ethernet100 Mbps Ethernet, 4310Base2 Ethernet, 1510Base5 Ethernet, 1510BaseT Ethernet, 15

connectivity recommendations in hierarchical model, 44

router interfaces, 467cabling, connector types, 46

connector/cabling specifications, 45–46considerations for LAN cabling, 44–45

devices


515

Ethernet (DIX), 43Fast Ethernet, 43–45full-duplex, 163–165Gigabit Ethernet, 43half-duplex, 163–165IEEE 802.3, 43interfaces (routers), media type settings, 106media, considerations for LAN cabling, 45switches, 145upgrading, 44

Ethernet_802.2 encapsulation type (IPX packet encapsulation), 335

Ethernet_802.3 encapsulation type (IPX packet encapsulation), 335

Ethernet_II encapsulation type (IPX packet encapsulation), 335

Ethernet_SNAP encapsulation type (IPX packet encapsulation), 335

EXEC mode (switch logon), 75EXEC sessions (routers), preventing timeouts, 104exec-timeout 0 0 command, 104extended access lists, 300extended AppleTalk addressing, 439–440extended IP access lists, 306

configuration, 317–321numbers for, 305

extended IPX access lists, 305, 352, 355Exterior Gateway Protocols, 256external networks (traffic), blocking with access

lists, 311–312

FFast Ethernet, 43

benefits in a campus LANs, 44–45connectivity recommendations in hierarchical

model, 44FastHub hub series, 34FCS (frame check sequence), 12FECN (Forward Explicit Congestion

Notification), 414filtering

bridging, 22frames to switch ports, 148–150packets with access lists, 298

finding commands with context-sensitive help, 76fixed ports (routers), 58Flash memory, 126, 131Flooded broadcasts, 232flooding

bridging, 22frames, 146

flow controlFrame Relay, 414TCP, 213–214UDP, 213–214

forward delay (Spanning Tree), 160Forward Delay timer (Spanning Tree), 160Forward Explicit Congestion Notification, 414forwarding

frames to switch ports, 148–150VLAN information, 183

forwarding state (Spanning Tree), 160forwarding tables, 22fragment-free mode switching, 163frame check sequence, 12Frame Relay, 373

BECN, 414CIR, 414Cisco router serial connection support, 412components, 412–414configuration on routers, 418–424connections

address mapping, 414–418displaying map entry information, 423displaying statistics, 422–423displaying status/information, 421–422LMI signaling, 414–418troubleshooting, 424verifying, 424

definition of, 411–412DLCIs, 414DTE, 411FECN, 414flow control, 414Inverse ARP, 414LMI, 414–415

types, 416traffic, displaying statistics, 422

local access rate, 413maps, clearing, 423

Frame Relay


516

multipoint subinterfaces, 428–431NBMA reachability, 426–429OSI functions, 412point-to-point subinterfaces, 428

configuration, 429–430PVCs, 413static mapping, configuration, 420–421subinterfaces, configuration, 425, 428–431SVCs, 413terminology, 412–414traffic, displaying statistics, 422–423VCs, 411, 413

design considerations, 427IP addresses, 414states, 416

frame-relay inverse-arp command, 431frame-relay lmi-type command, 431frame-relay map command, 421, 431frames, 13

broadcast, 150broadcast storms, eliminating, 151–152database instability, eliminating, 153–154duplicate nonbroadcast transmissions,

eliminating, 152–153filtering, 148–150flooding, 146forwarding, 148–150HDLC, format, 374LLC sublayer, 20–21MAC sublayer, 19–20multicast, 150switching, 162–163

FTP traffic, blocking from a specific subnet with access lists, 319–320

full-duplex transmission (switches), 163–165full-mesh topology (Frame Relay), 426

G-Hgateways (switches)

assigning defaults, 237default configuration, 167verifying, 168

Get Nearest Server. See GNSGigabit Ethernet, 43

global commands (routers), 100global configuration mode

routers, 99switches, 82, 167

global services, 9GNS (Get Nearest Server), 331

SAP queries, 339

half-duplex transmission (switches), 163–165HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control), 55, 373

encapsulation, configuration in WANs, 374frames, format, 374

hdlc keyword, 336headers, 12, 21Hello Time timer (Spanning Tree), 160help (context-sensitive help)

routers, 92, 94–96switches, 76–77

hierarchical model (network subdivision), 7, 10, 44High-Level Data Link Control. See HDLCholddown timers

pairing with triggered updates for route maintenance, 271–274

route maintenance with, 269–270hops, 26host addresses (IP), 224–226host names

assigning to IP addresses, 238–239routers, assigning, 381workstations, displaying, 240–241

host name-to-address mapping, 238–239hostname command, 381hosts

determining number of in a given network, 225IPX, testing reachability, 350traffic, blocking with access lists, 313

hubs, 30. See also devicesCisco product line, 34–35criteria for selecting, 32, 34–35FastHub series, 34functionality of, 17Micro Hub series, 34typical topology, 17

hybrid routing protocols, 274–276

Frame Relay


517

HyperTerminal terminal emulation sessions, 457components for enabling, 457creating, 458–461disconnecting, 461reconnecting, 461

IICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol), 215,

217–218IEEE 802.3 Ethernet, 43IFS (IOS File System), 135IGP (Interior Gateway Protocols), 256IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol), 249

administrative distance default, 258characteristics of, 282configuration, 285–286IP routing tables, displaying, 288load balancing/sharing, 286metrics, 283–284routes, assigning to unknown subnet of a

directly attached network, 293routing information

displaying summaries for, 289–290verifying, 287–288

routing process, 285–286routing transaction information displaying,

288–289routing updates, 290–293unequal-cost load balancing, 284–285

images (IOS)backup, 137–139displaying information about, 137loading from Flash into RAM, 130loading from network server, 139–140specifying source to load, 127

implicit deny any statement (access lists), 303implicit deny statement (access lists), 302inbound access lists, 300–301initial sequence numbers (ISNs), 211initialization (routers)

Boot ROM mode, 84setup mode, 84user mode, 84

initialize command, 481

Integrated Services Digital Network. See ISDNinterface command, 104, 200, 342interface configuration mode, 167

routers, 100switches, 82

interface serial command, 428, 432interfaces

routers, 26, 126access lists, activating, 304access lists, removing, 311AppleTalk, specifying a network number

range, 445AppleTalk information, displaying, 451AppleTalk routing, configuring, 443–453assigning to AppleTalk zones, 445bandwidth settings, 105clock rate settings, 105configuration, 104–110configuring a description, 102configuring dialer information for DDR

over ISDN BRI, 402–403disabling, 107displaying configuration information

about, 120displaying statistics for, 107–110displaying status of, 120IP addresses, assigning, 237IPX encapsulation types, 336IPX encapsulation types, selecting,

341–343IPX network numbers, assigning, 341–343IPX routing, enabling, 341–343IPX, displaying status/parameters,

345–346ISDN, 394linking IPX access lists to, 353media type settings, 106re-enabling, 107serial

connectors, 370IPX node addresses, 340

slot/port adapter schemes, 105slot/port number schemes, 105subinterfaces, 242traffic, displaying information about, 119type/number schemes, 104verifying configuration, 106

interfaces


518

switchesdisplaying configuration information

about, 120displaying statistics for, 80–81displaying status of, 120duplex mode configuration, 168–170

Interior Gateway Protocols, 256Interior Gateway Routing Protocol. See IGRPInternal profile (700 series routers), 465Internet Control Message Protocol, 215, 217-218Internet Protocol. See IPinternetwork operating system. See IOSInternetwork Packet Exchange. See IPXinternetworks

organization by user type, 5–6remote access connections, 5–6subdividing based on business/user needs, 6–10traffic patterns, 7–8

Inter-Switch Links. See ISLsInverse ARP, 414–415, 418inverted subnet mask, see wildcard maskingIOS (internetwork operating system), 67

CLI, accessing, 67command modes, 69–70images

backup, 137–139displaying information about, 137loading from Flash into RAM, 130loading from network server, 139–140specifying source to load, 127

network service support, 67privileged EXEC mode, 89switches, displaying information about,

174–175user EXEC mode, 89–90

IOS File System, 135IP (Internet Protocol), 215. See also IP addresses

access lists, 298activing on router interfaces, 304displaying contents, 324extended, 300, 306, 317–321named, configuration, 321–322numbers for, 305standard, 300, 306

applying to vty ports, 315configuration, 310–314

header format, 215–217packets, access list testing, 306

ip access-group command, 304–305, 311, 319, 325ip access-list command, 325ip address command, 167, 176, 237, 245IP addresses

assigning to switches, 237assigning host names to, 238–239assigning to router interfaces, 237broadcast addresses, 231–232calculating address space, 233classes, 222–224components, 25configuration, 237–241denying router interface access with access lists,

308dotted decimal format, 26format, 221Frame Relay VCs, mapping, 414host addresses, 224–226host number, 221identifying, 233–235mapping to MAC sublayer addresses with ARP,

218network number, 221network schemes, 221permitting access to router interfaces with

access lists, 308subnet addresses, 226–227subnet masks, 227–231subnets, filtering traffic from with access lists,

309–310switches, 83

configuration, 167verifying, 168

wildcard masking, 307–310workstations

discovering with RARP, 219–220displaying, 240–241

ip classless command, 293–294IP configuration mode (switch logon), 75ip default-gateway command, 168, 176, 237, 245ip directed-broadcast command, 232ip domain-lookup command, 240ip host command, 239, 245ip name-server command, 239, 245ip netmask-format command, 245

interfaces


519

IP RIP routing700 series router 10BaseT Ethernet interfaces,

enabling, 467700 series router ISDN interfaces, enabling, 468

ip route command, 252, 294, 401IPX

access lists, 350–353displaying, 360–361extended, 352, 355linking to router interfaces, 353SAP filters, 352, 356–360standard, 351, 353–355test conditions, 350verifying, 360–361

addresses, 332–333characteristics of, 331configuration on Cisco routers, 334hosts, testing reachability, 350networks

addresses in, 332assigning multiple logical networks to the

same physical wire, 341Cisco router features, 329–330connectivity, testing, 350load sharing, enabling, 341nondefault encapsulation types,

specifying, 336overhead, 352

packets, encapsulation, 334–337protocol stack, 330–332RIP, 331, 337RIP updates, displaying information about,

348–349router interfaces, displaying status/parameters,

345–346routing

configuration, 339–344enabling, 340monitoring, 345–350verifying, 345–350

routing tables, displaying contents, 346–347SAP updates, displaying information about,

349–350servers, displaying information for, 347–348traffic, displaying volume/type information,

348ipx access-group command, 353, 355, 362

ipx input-sap-filter command, 362ipx maximum-paths command, 341ipx network command, 336, 341–342, 361ipx output-sap-filter command, 362ipx routing command, 332, 340, 361IPX/SPX (Internet Packet Exchange/Sequenced

Packet Exchange), 330–332IPX-router configuration mode (routers), 100ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), 387

benefits of, 387–388BRI, 387

call processing, 391–392components of, 390connections, cabling routers for, 62–63enabling, 395–397

DDRcharacteristics of, 397–400configuration, 400–406connections, 398dialer information configuration for router

interfaces, 402–403operation, 399–400setup, 397specifying interesting traffic, 401–402troubleshooting, 406verifying configuration/operation,

405–406equipment, 392–394port types, 63PRI, 390protocols, 389reference points, 392–394router interfaces, 394

addressing, 468disabling bridging over, 468IP RIP routing, enabling, 468subnet masks, specifying, 468

services, components, 390–397SPIDs, 395, 397standards, 388switches, 389

configuring for use with 700 series routers, 467

types, 395isdn spid1 command, 397, 406isdn spid2 command, 397, 406isdn switch-type basic command, 406

isdn switch-type basic command


520

isdn switch-type command, 396ISLs (Inter-Switch Links), 185–188

encapsulation, 187–188router support, 242tagging, 186–187

ISNs (initial sequence numbers), 211

J-Kjacks (connectors), 48

keywordsany (access lists), 309hdlc, 336novell-ether, 335–336snap, 336

LLAN profile (700 series routers), 465, 467LAPB (Link Access Procedure, Balanced), 373latency (switches), 163Layer 1. See physical layerLayer 2 encapsulation (WANs), 372–374Layer 2. See data link layerLayer 3. See network layerLayer 4. See transport layerLayer 5. See session layerLayer 6. See presentation layerLayer 7. See application layerLCP (Link Control Protocol), PPP sublayer,

376–378leaf node, 251learning state (Spanning Tree), 160leased lines (WANs), 368LEDs (light-emitting diodes), Catalyst 1900 series

switches, 70–74line command, 316line configuration mode (routers), 100line console 0 command, 102line vty 0 4 command, 103line vty command, 325

link-state routing protocols, 274–276listening state (Spanning Tree), 160LLC sublayer (Logical Link Control), data link

layer, 19frames, 20–21header components, 21

LMI (Local Management Interface), Frame Relay, 414–416

LMI signaling (Frame Relay connections), 414–418load balancing/sharing

IGRP, 286IPX networks, 341RIP, 278

local access rate (Frame Relay), 413local loop (WANs), 370Local Management Interface, 414–418logging synchronous command, 104logical addresses, 24–26logical AND operation, 230logon (switches)

after setup, 74–75EXEC mode, 75

loop avoidance (switches), 150–155loops. See also routing loops

bridge loops, 150multiple in switched networks, 154switched networks, eliminating with Spanning

Tree, 155–161

MMAC (Media Access Control), 12MAC addresses, 19

dynamic MAC addresses (switch ports), 170in IPX addressses, 333MAC address table storage on Catalyst 1900

series switch, 171permanent MAC addresses (switch ports), 171–172static MAC addresses (switch ports), 172–173switches, learning, 146–148

MAC sublayer (data link layer), 19–20mac-address-table permanent command, 171, 176

isdn switch-type command


521

mac-address-table restricted static command, 172, 176

major commands, 100Max Age timer (Spanning Tree), 160maximum transmission units, 15maximum-paths command, 278MD5 (Message Digest 5) encryption, 86Media Access Control, 12memory

Flash, 126, 131NVRAM, 126RAM, 125ROM, 125routers, displaying information about, 137

Menu Console Logon Screen (switches), 74Menu mode (switch logon), 75message-of-the-day banner (routers), configuration,

101metrics

IGRP networks, 283–284networks, 26

Micro Hub hub series, 34mobile user connections, 6modular serial ports (routers), 58MTUs (maximum transmission units), 15multicast addresses, 222-224multicast frames, 150multipoint subinterfaces (Frame Relay), 428–431

NName Binding Protocol, 438name servers (IP networks), defining, 239–240named IP access lists

configuration, 321–322numbers for, 305

named IPX access lists, 305naming

700 series routers, 467routers, 86, 101switches, 83

NBP (Name Binding Protocol), 438NCP (NetWare Core Protocol), 331, 376–378

neighboring devicescommunication between, 115displaying detailed CDP information about,

118–119displaying general CDP information about,

116–117displaying general information about, 115

net boot command, 127NetWare, features of, 331–332NetWare Core Protocol, 331, 376–378NetWare Link Services Protocol, 331network command, 277, 279, 285, 294network layer (OSI reference model Layer 3), 24

devices, 31functions of, 24router operations, 26–28

network layer addresses, 24–26network numbers (IPX), 333–334networks

autonomous systems, 256bridged/switched, characteristics of, 22–24broadcasts, 231–232communication across, 12–14connections, figure icons for, xxidomains

broadcast domains, 16, 18collision domains, 16, 18

external, blocking traffic from with access lists, 311–312

figure icons for, xxihierarchical model for subdividing, 7, 10hosts, determining number of, 225IPX networks

addresses in, 332assigning multiple logical networks to the

same physical wire, 341Cisco router features in, 329–330connectivity, testing, 350load sharing, enabling, 341nondefault encapsulation types,

specifying, 336overhead, 352

metrics, 26name servers, defining, 239–240segmenting with subnet addresses, 226–227segmenting with subnet masks, 234stub networks, 251

networks


522

subnet masks, format, specifying, 238subnets

planning, 235–236traffic, blocking with access lists, 313–314

switched networksmultiple loops, 154redundancy in, 150

toll networks (WANs), 370traffic. See also internetworks, WANs

filtering, See access listsidentifying interesting traffic with access

lists, 299separating into queues with access lists,

299user connections at the access layer, 8

NICs (network interface cards), Novell file servers, 333

NLSP (NetWare Link Services Protocol), 331no access-list command, 311no address-violation command, 174no appletalk discovery command, 450no cdp enable command, 116no cdp run command, 116no debug all command, 294no ip access-group command, 311no ip default-gateway command, 168no ip domain-lookup command, 240, 245no mac-address-table permanent command, 171no mac-address-table restricted static command,

172no port secure command, 173no shutdown command, 107, 407, 482nonvolatile random-access memory. See NVRAMNovell file servers, 333Novell Internetwork Packet Exchange. See IPXnovell-ether keyword, 335–336NT1 (Network Termination 1), ISDN, 392NT1 devices, 62NT2 (Network Termination 2), ISDN, 392numbering SPIDs, 467NVRAM (nonvolatile random-access memory), 84,

126

Ooctets, 25, 221ODI (Open Data-Link Interface), 331Organizationally Unique Identifier, see OUIOSI (Open Systems Interface) reference model,

10–12advantages of, 10application layer, 11communication between layers, 12–14data link layer, 18functions of, 10lower layers, 11–12network layer, 24physical layer, 14–18presentation layer, 11session layer, 11transport layer, 28upper layers, 10–11

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), 249, 258, 275OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier), 20outbound access lists, 300–312

Ppacket switching (WANs), 369–372packets, 13

CDP, 116denying from router interfaces, 298filtering with access lists, 298IP, access list testing, 306IPX

displaying volume/type information, 348encapsulation, 334–337

permitting to router interfaces, 298routing. required information for, 250VLAN information, forwarding, 183

PAP (Password Authentication Protocol), 377–383partial-mesh topology (Frame Relay), 426passwords (routers)

changing, 482defining, 381disabling, 103enable, 86enable secret, 86recovering, 479–485

networks


523

path cost (Spanning Tree), 158–159PCs, serial communications ports, 459PDUs (protocol data units), 12peer layers, 13permanent MAC addresses (switch ports), 171–172permanent virtual circuit, 413permit statement (access lists), 302, 304–305physical layer (OSI reference model Layer 1), 14,

17–18, 437devices, 30functions of, 14–15wiring standards, 15–16

ping command, 124, 405, 470ping ipx command, 345, 350Point-to-Point Protocol. See PPPpoint-to-point subinterfaces (Frame Relay),

428–430poison reverse (routing loop prevention), 269port numbers, 29, 209–211port secure command, 173, 176ports

ISDN port types, 63PCs, 459routers

console ports, 64vty ports, filtering Telnet traffic, 298

switchesaddress violations, 174assigning to VLANs, 198–199designated ports, 156displaying VLAN assignments for, 199dynamic MAC addresses, 170MAC address table, displaying, 170permanent MAC addresses, 171–172port states (Spanning Tree), 157–158root ports, 156security configuration, 173–174static MAC addresses, 172–173trunk line configuration, 196–197trunk ports, 184VLAN assignments, 181VLAN membership, 194VLAN support, 187

POST (power-on self test), 68result displays, 74router booting sequence, 125

routers, 84switch port LED associations, 73

PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol), 55, 373benefits of, 377connections, establishing, 378–379encapsulation

characteristics of, 375–379compatible interfaces, 375configuration in WANs, 379–383verifying configuration in WANs,

383–384LCP sublayer, 376–378NCP sublayer, 376–378services, 376

ppp authentication chap command, 384ppp authentication command, 382ppp authentication pap command, 384presentation layer (OSI reference model Layer 6),

11PRI (Primary Rate Interface), ISDN

components of, 390privileged EXEC mode (IOS), 69

changing to, 70commands


restricting access to, 103profiles (700 series routers), 464–465, 468protocol data units, 12protocol stacks, 12protocols

AARP, 440AppleTalk, 438ARP, 215BGP, 249CDP, 113–120connectionless, 29, 207connection-oriented, 29, 207EIGRP, 249HDLC, 373ICMP, 215IGRP, 249initial router settings, 87IP, 215IPX, 330–332IPX RIP, 337ISDN, 389

protocols


524

OSPF, 249PPP, 373RARP, 215RIP, 249SAP, 337–339Spanning-Tree Protocol, 155transport layer protocols, 28VTP, 188

pruning (VTP), 192–193PVCs (permanent virtual circuits), 413

RR reference point (ISDN networks), 393RAM (random-access memory), 125RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol), 215,

219–220read-only memory, 126reboot command, 470recovering router passwords, 479–485redundancy (switched networks), 150reference points (ISDN), 392–394reload command, 474reloading 700 series routers with default

configuration, 466remote access connections

branch offices, 5mobile users, 6telecommuters, 5

remote devices (Telnet sessions)displaying, 121–122ending, 123establishing, 120–121re-establishing, 122suspending, 122verifying, 121–122

resume command, 123Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP), 215,

219–220RIP (Routing Information Protocol), 249

administrative distance default, 258characteristics of, 278configuration, 279IP routing table information, displaying,

280–281

IPX, 331, 337load balancing,enabling, 278routing information, verifying, 279–280routing updates, displaying, 282selecting as a routing protocol, 279

RIP-1 (RIP version 1), 278RIP-2 (RIP version 2), 278RIT (Route Information Table), IPX, 333RJ-45 connectors, 45–46, 48rollover cables, 64ROM (read-only memory), 126ROM microcode (routers), 126–131ROM monitor mode (routers), 129root bridge (Spanning Tree), electing, 156–157root port (Spanning Tree), 156Route Information Table, 333route maps, 299route poisoning, 268–269routed protocols versus routing protocols, 255router command, 277, 294router configuration mode, 100router igrp command, 285router rip command, 279routers, 31

2500 series, default boot filenames, 477700 series

addressing 10BaseT Ethernet interface for, 467

commands, 465–468configuration, 469–470configuring ISDN switches that interface

with, 467displaying configuration for, 466displaying profile configuration, 466enabling IP RIP routing for 10BaseT

Ethernet interfacesr, 467ISDN interfaces, disabling bridging, 468ISDN interfacs, enabling IP RIP routing

for, 468ISDN interfaces, IP addressing, 468ISDN interfaces, specifying subnet mask

for, 468moving between profiles, 466naming, 467profiles, 464–465, 468reloading with default configuration, 466

protocols


525

service support, 463–464static routes, establishing, 468subnet masks, specifying for 10BaseT

Ethernet interface for, 467AppleTalk global configuration parameters,

displaying, 452–453boot sequence, 128booting sequence, 124–125bootstrap code, 125–128cabling for WAN ISDN BRI connections,

62–63cabling for WAN serial connections, 57–62Cisco product line, 36, 38command history buffer, 93–94configuration

active, 132backup, 132CHAP, 382–383command script, 88copying into RAM, 133copying RAM configuration to TFTP

server, 133copying running configuration to

NVRAM, 133copying saved NVRAM configuration to

RAM, 133deleting NVRAM files, 134displaying current, 99displaying current configuration running

in RAM, 132displaying current configuration saved in

NVRAM, 132displaying saved configuration, 99displaying system information, 98downloading from TFTP server, 134Frame Relay, 418–424from CLI, 99–110from remote terminal/console, 134HDLC encapsulation, 374initial configuration, 84–89initial global parameters, 85initial protocol configurations, 87IPX, 334loading, 131–132loading parameters into RAM, 131

modifying, 89–91moving between routers/router

components, 132moving configuration/system files, 136PAP, 382–383permissable access locations, 68–69running, 131–132saving to NVRAM, 101setup mode, 84system configuration dialog, 85uploading to TFTP server, 134

configuration register, 126bit meanings, 475boot field, 476boot field settings, 130booting from Flash memory, 477–479contents, setting, 474default settings, changing, 129displaying, 128, 473, 481factory defaults, 473listing setting for, 129settings, changing, 473–479values, 127

console error messages, 92–93console input, redisplaying interrupted, 104console password, configuring, 102context-sensitive help, 92, 94–96controller configuration mode, 100criteria for selecting, 32–38DB-60 connectors, 371enhanced editing mode (terminal editing),

96–98EXEC sessions, preventing timeouts, 104fixed ports, 58Frame Relay subinterfaces, configuration, 428functions of, 27–28global configuration mode, 99host names, assigning, 381IFS, 135IGRP transaction information, displaying,

288–289initialization

Boot ROM mode, 84setup mode, 84user mode, 84

initializing


526

initializing, 481interface configuration mode, 100interfaces, 26, 126

access lists, activating, 304access lists, removing, 311AppleTalk information, displaying, 451AppleTalk routing, configuring, 443–453assigning IP addresses to, 237assigning to AppleTalk zones, 445bandwidth settings, 105clock rate settings, 105configuration, 104–110configuring a description, 102configuring dialer information for DDR

over ISDN BRI, 402–403disabling, 107displaying configuration information

about, 120displaying statistics for, 107–110displaying status of, 120IPX encapsulation types, 336, 341–343IPX network numbers, assigning, 341–343IPX routing, enabling, 341–343IPX, displaying status/parameters,

345–346ISDN, 394linking IPX access lists to, 353media type settings, 106re-enabling, 107serial


slot/port adapter schemes, 105slot/port number schemes, 105specifying a network number range in

AppleTalk, 445subinterfaces, 242traffic, displaying information about, 119type/number schemes, 104verifying configuration, 106

inter-VLAN routing, 241–244IPX networks, 329–330IPX-router configuration mode, 100ISL configuration, 186ISL trunking support, 242line configuration mode, 100memory, displaying information about, 137

message-of-the-day banner, configuration, 101modular serial ports, 58multiple broadcast domains, 181naming, 86, 101neighboring devices, displaying CDP

information about, 116–117operation at the network layer, 26–28passwords

changing, 482defining, 381disabling, 103enable, 86enable secret, 86recovering, 479–485

portsconfiguration on modular cards, 60console ports, 64

POST, 84required information for routing packets, 250ROM microcode, 126–131ROM monitor mode, 129router configuration mode, 100RTMP routine output, displaying, 453seed routers (AppleTalk), 447–450setup, 68startup, 68, 83–84static maps (Frame Relay),configuration, 4,

20–421subinterface configuration mode, 100subnet addressing, 228usernames, defining, 381vty interfaces, controlling access to with access

lists, 314–316vty passwords, configuring, 103vty ports, filtering Telnet traffic, 298WANs, routing across, 244

routesadministrative distance, 256–259default, configuration, 254devices, displaying, 124discovering with distance vector routing

protocols, 261–263dynamic, 251

configuration, 276–277routing protocols for, 254–276

IGRP, assigning to unknown subnet of a directly attached network, 293

interface configuration mode


527

load sharing in IGRP, 286maintenance

with both holddown timers and triggered updates, 271–274

with distance vector routing protocols, 261–263

with holddown timers, 269–270with triggered updates, 270–271

multiple path support in IGRP, 284–285selecting with distance vector routing protocols,

261–263static, 251

configuration, 252defining for DDR over ISDN BRI,

400–401enabling, 251–254establishing for 700 series routers, 468

routingIGRP process, 285–286IP RIP routing

enabling for 700 series router 10BaseT Ethernet interfaces, 467

enabling for 700 series router ISDN interfaces, 468

IPXconfiguration, 339–344enabling, 340monitoring, 345–350RIP updates, displaying information

about, 348–349SAP updates, displaying information

about, 349–350verifying, 345–350

packets, required information for, 250process overview, 249–251

Routing Information Protocol. See RIProuting loops

causes, 263–266troubleshooting

with maximum metric settings, 266–267with route poisoning, 268–269with split horizon, 267–268

routing protocols. See also distance vector routing protocols, link-state routing protocols, hybrid routing protocols

characteristics of, 255

classes, 259EGP, 256IGP, 256versus routed protocols, 255

Routing Table Maintenance Protocol, 438routing tables, 250

components, 26displaying for RIP networks, 280–281IGRP networks, displaying, 288IPX, displaying contents of, 346–347populating, 251

routing updatesIGRP, 290–293RIP, displaying, 282

RPS LED (Catalyst 1900 series switch), 71RTMP (Routing Table Maintenance Protocol), 438

SS reference point (ISDN networks), 393SAP (Service Advertisement Protocol), 331,

337–339broadcasts, 338encapsulation, 337filters (IPX access lists), 305, 352, 356–360LLC frame type, 20services, enabling, 340types, 338

securityswitch ports, configuration, 173–174VLANs, 179

seed routers (AppleTalk), 447–450segments, 13Sequenced Packet Exchange, 331serial communications ports (PCs), 459serial connections (WANs), 55–62serial interfaces (routers)


Serial Line Internet Protocol, 373serial lines (WANs), standards, 370–372server mode (VTP), 189–190servers

IPX, displaying information for, 347–348Novell file servers, NICs, 333

servers


528

TFTPdownloading router configuration from,

134downloading configuration files to

switches, 175uploading router configuration to, 134uploading switch running configuration,

175service access point identifier, 19Service Advertisement Protocol. See SAPService Information Table, 333service password-encryption command, 103, 381service provider IDs. See SPIDsservices

AppleTalk, 441–443SAP, enabling, 340

session layer (OSI reference model Layer 5), 11set 1 spid command, 467set bridging off command, 468set default command, 466set ip address command, 467–468set ip netmask command, 467–468set ip route destination 0.0.0.0/0 gateway 0.0.0.0

command, 468set ip routing on command, 467–468set switch command, 467set systemname command, 467set user command, 468setup, routers, 68setup mode (router initialization), 84Setup utility, 132show access-lists command, 324show appletalk globals command, 452, 454show appletalk interface command, 454show appletalk route command, 451, 454show appletalk zone command, 452, 454show cdp command, 115–116show cdp interface command, 120show cdp neighbors command, 116–117show cdp neighbors detail command, 118–119,

334show cdp traffic command, 119show command, displaying options for, 76show config command, 466show dialer command, 405, 407

show flash command, 131, 137show frame-relay lmi command, 422, 432show frame-relay map command, 423, 432show frame-relay pvc command, 422–423, 432show history command, 94show hosts command, 240show interface command, 106, 169, 383–384, 421show interfaces command, 80–81, 107–110, 169,

176show ip access-lists command, 324–325show ip command, 82, 168, 176show ip interface command, 324–325show ip protocols command, 279, 281, 287, 294show ip route command, 280, 288, 294, 406–407show ipx access-list command, 360, 362show ipx interface command, 345–346, 360–361show ipx route command, 345–347, 362show ipx servers command, 345, 347–348show ipx traffic command, 345, 348show isdn active command, 405, 407show isdn status command, 406–407show mac-address-table command, 170–173, 176show mac-address-table security command, 174show run command, 166show running-configuration command, 79–80,

98–99, 132, 281show sessions command, 121show spantree command, 167, 199–200show startup-configuration command, 98–99, 132,

482show trunk command, 196, 200show user command, 122show version command, 78–79, 98, 128, 175–176,

473show vlan command, 197, 200show vlan-membership command, 167, 199–200show vtp command, 191, 195, 200shutdown command, 107, 406–407SIT (Service Information Table), IPX, 333SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol), 373SNAP (Subnetwork Access Protocol), 20, 336SONET (Synchronous Optical Network), 373source-route bridging, 22Spanning Tree

BPDUs, 156–158bridge IDs, 157

servers


529

configuration, displaying status of, 199–200convergence, 161–162designated port, 156forward delay, 160functionality of, 155operations, 156path cost, 158–159port states, 157–158recalculation, 161root bridge, electing, 156–157root ports, 156Spanning-Tree Protocol, 155states, 159–160timers, 160

SPF (shortest path first) algorithms, 275SPIDs (service provider IDs), ISDN, 395

numbering, 467specifying, 397

split horizon (Frame Relay), 267–268, 427SPX (Sequenced Packet Exchange), 331SS7 (Signaling System 7), ISDN BRI call

processing, 391standard access lists, 300standard IP access lists, 306

applying to vty ports, 315configuration, 310–314numbers for, 305

standard IPX access lists, 305, 351, 353–355Standard profile (700 series routers), 465star topology (Frame Relay), 425startup

CDP, 114routers, 68, 83–84switches

operations, 68prerequisite checklist, 70procedures for, 70

static MAC addresses (switch ports), 172–173static mapping (Frame Relay), configuration,

420–421static membership mode(VLANs), 184–185static routes, 251

700 series routers, establishing, 468configuration, 252defining for DDR over ISDN BRI, 400–401enabling, 251–254

store-and-forward mode switching, 162straight-through cable, 48–50stub networks, 251subinterface configuration mode (routers), 100subinterfaces

inter-VLAN routers, 242Frame Relay, configuration, 428

subnet addresses, 226–227subnet masks, 25, 227–231

700 series routers, specifying for ISDN interfaces, 468

defaults, 230extending, 231format, specifying, 238patterns, 229specifying for 700 series router 10BaseT

Ethernet interfaces, 467switches


subnetsfiltering traffic from with access lists, 309–310planning, 235–236traffic, blocking with access lists, 313–314

Subnetwork Access Protocol, 20, 336SVCs (switched virtual circuits), 413switched networks

loopseliminating with Spanning Tree, 155–161multiple, 154

redundancy, 150switches (Catalyst 1900 series), 30, 70, 167

adding to VTP domains, 195bridge IDs, 157bridging/switching between in VLANs, 183broadcast storms, eliminating, 151CDP information, displaying, 115–116Cisco product line, 35–36CO switch (WANs), 370command history buffer, 77–78command modes, changing between, 75communication with other network devices,

163–165configuration, 165

default, 68default settings, 165–167

switches


530

displaying active configuration files, 79–80

downloading from TFTP server, 175from CLI, 82–83global configuration mode, 82interface configuration mode, 82IP configuration, displaying current, 82permissable access locations, 68–69resetting to factory defaults, 176uploading to TFTP server, 175

configuration modes, 167–168configuration revision numbern resetting,

191–192console error messages, 77context-sensitive help, 76–77criteria for selecting, 32, 34–36cut-through mode, 162database instability from redundant frame

transmissions, eliminating, 153–154duplicate nonbroadcast frame transmissions,

eliminating, 152–153enterprise software, 79Ethernet switches, 145flooding, 146fragment-free mode, 163frame transmission, 162–163full-duplex transmission, 163–165functionality of, 145gateways

assigning defaults, 237default configuration, 167verifying, 168

global configuration mode, 167half-duplex transmission, 163–165interface configuration mode, 167interfaces

displaying configuration information about, 120

displaying statistics for, 80–81displaying status of, 120duplex mode configuration, 168–170

IOS, displaying information about, 174–175IP addresses, 83

assigning, 237configuration, 167verifying, 168

ISDN, 389configuring for use with 700 series

routers, 467

types, 395ISLs (Inter-Switch Links), 185–188latency, 163LEDs, 71–74logon

after setup, 74–75EXEC mode, 75

loop avoidance, 150–155MAC addresses, learning, 146–148Menu Console Logon Screen, 74multiple broadcast domains, 181naming, 83operation at Layer 3 and 4, 22operation at the data link layer, 21–24path cost (Spanning Tree), 158–159ports

address violations, 174assigning to VLANs, 198–199designated ports, 156displaying VLAN assignments for, 199dynamic MAC addresses, 170MAC address table, displaying, 170permanent MAC addresses, 171–172root ports, 156security configuration, 173–174static MAC addresses, 172–173trunk line configuration, 196–197trunk ports, 184VLAN assignments, 181VLAN membership, 194VLAN support, 187

root bridge, electing, 156–157Spanning Tree

configuration status, displaying, 199–200convergence, 161–162recalculation, 161

standard software, 79startup

initial configuration, 68operations, 68prerequisite checklist, 70procedures for, 70

store-and-forward mode, 162subnet masks. See also devices


system information displays, 78–79versus bridges, 162VLAN information

switches


531

communicating with ISLs, 185–188communication with VTP, 188–193

VLANsadding, 197adding to bridged/switched networks, 189configuration, 193–200defaults, 194membership modes, 184–185operation, 183–184parameters, modifying/verifying, 198renaming, 198spanning multiple switches on a single

link, 194support limitations, 187

VTP, 188configuration, 195–197membership modes, 194modes, 189–190operations, 191–192overwriting VLAN configurations, 192pruning, 192–193setup precautions, 190

VTP domains, 188Synchronous Optical Network. See SONETSystem LED (Catalyst 1900 series switch), 71System profile (700 series routers), 466–467

TT reference point (ISDN networks), 393TA (Terminal Adapter), ISDN, 393TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), 206

connections, establishing, 211–213flow control, 213–214header format, 207–208port numbers, 209–211window size, 214

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), 205

access lists, 306–310application layer, 206development, 205

Internet layer, 215–220protocol stack, 205transport layer, 206–214

TE1 (Terminal Endpoint 1), ISDN, 392TE2 (Terminal Endpoint 2), ISDN, 393telecommuters, 5Telnet

sessionsdisplaying, 121–122ending, 123establishing to remote devices, 120–121re-establishing, 122suspending, 122verifying, 121–122

traffic, blocking from a specific subnet with access lists, 320–321

telnet command, 120, 405term ip netmask-format command, 238, 245terminal editing command, 96terminal history size command, 94TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protcol) servers

downloading router configuration from, 134downloading to switches, 175uploading router configuration to, 134uploading switch running configuration to, 175

Thicknet, 15Thinnet, 15three-way handshake (communciation between

network end stations), 29, 211–213timers (Spanning Tree), 160toll networks (WANs), 370trace command, 124traffic

devices, displaying information about, 119filtering. See access listsFrame Relay, displaying statistics, 422–423FTP, blocking from a specific subnet with

access lists, 319–320impact on internetwork design, 7–8interesting, identifying with access lists, 299IPX, displaying volume/type information, 348separating into queues with access lists, 299Telnet, blocking from a specific subnet with

access lists, 320–321

traffic


532

VLANsmultiplexing on a single physical path,

186VTP pruning, 192

traffic-share command, 286, 294trailers, 12translational bridging, 22Transmission Control Protocol. See TCPTransmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.

See TCP/IPtransparent bridging, 22transparent mode (VTP), 189–190transport layer (OSI reference model Layer 4),

28–30triggered updates

pairing with holddown timers for route maintenance, 271–274

route maintenance with, 270–271troubleshooting

DDR over ISDN BRI, 406Frame Relay connections, 424routing loops

with maximum metric settings, 266–267with route poisoning, 268–269with split horizon, 267–268

trunk command, 196trunking (VLANs), 183–184, 196–197

UU reference point (ISDN networks), 393UDP (User Datagram Protocol), 206

flow control, 213–214header format, 208–209port numbers, 209–211

unequal-cost load balancing (IGRP), 284–285unshielded twisted pair, 47upgrading Ethernet, 44upload command, 466URL prefixes (Cisco network devices), 135user EXEC mode (IOS), 69–70, 89–90user mode (router initialization), 84User profile (700 series routers), 468username command, 381, 384usernames (routers), defining, 381users, grouping in broadcast domains, 179

UTP (unshielded twisted pair), 47LAN implementations, 47–52wiring standards, 47–48

Vvariance command, 294VCs (virtual circuits), 413

design considerations, 427IP addresses, mapping, 414states, 416

virtual terminal lines. See vtyVisual Switch Manager, 194vlan command, 197, 200VLAN Trunking Protocol. See VTPvlan-membership command, 198VLANs (virtual LANs), 179

adding, 197to bridged/switched networks, 189

assigning switch ports to, 198–199benefits of, 179broadcast domains, functionality of, 181characteristics, 183configuration

default requirements, 194guidelines, 194overwriting, 192prerequisite steps, 194

defaults, 194definition, 181functionality of, 182information

communicating with ISLs, 185–188communicating with VTP, 188–193forwarding, 183

inter-VLAN routing, 241–244membership modes, 184–185operation, 183–184parameters

modifying, 198verifying, 198

parameters in bridged/switched networks, 182port switch assignments, 181renaming, 198switches

bridging/switching between, 183port membership, 194

traffic


533

spanning on a single link, 194support limitations, 187

trafficmultiplexing on a single physical path,

186VTP pruning, 192

trunking, 183trunks, 184

VSM (Visual Switch Manager), 194VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol), 188

advertisements, 191configuration, 195–197

defaults for Catalyst 1900 switches, 195domains, 188membership modes, 194modes, 189–190operations, 191–192overwriting VLAN configurations, 192pruning, 192–193setup precautions, 190

vtp command, 195vtp domain command, 200vty (virtual terminal lines), routers, 103

controlling access to with access lists, 314–316filtering Telnet traffic, 298

WWANs (wide-area networks)

cabling, 53, 55characteristics of, 367–368circuit switching, 369CO switch, 370connectivity options, 368–369CPE, 370DCE, 371demarcation, 370devices, criteria for selecting, 33–34DTE, 371encapsulation

HDLC, configuration in WANs, 374Layer 2, 372–374PPP

characteristics of, 375–379configuration, 379–383verifying configuration, 383–384

ISDN BRI connections, cabling routers for, 62–63

leased lines, 368local loop, 370packet switching, connection standards,

370–372PPP connections, establishing, 378–379routing across, 244serial connections, 55

cabling routers for, 57–62differentiating between, 55–57standards, 370–372

services, 367terminology, 369–370toll networks, 370versus LANs, 367

where command (UNIX), 122who command (UNIX), 122wide-area networks. See WANswildcard masking (IP addresses), 307–310window size (TCP), 214wiring

Category 5 wiring, 53EIA/TIA 568A/568B, 48standards, 15–16UTP standards, 47–48

workgroup layer, 9workstations

host names, displaying, 240–241IP addresses

discovering with RARP, 219–220displaying, 240–241

write command, 101write memory command, 101

X-ZX.25/LAPB (Link Access Procedure, Balanced),

373

ZIP (Zone Information Protocol), 438zones (AppleTalk), 441–443

zones


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