0056ix.fm page 944 friday, january 12, 2001 4:13...

0056IX.fm Page 944 Friday, January 12, 2001 4:13 PM

I

N

D

E

X

Symbols

! (exclamation point), 153# prompt, 13& (ampersand) return code, 153&C1 modem command, DCD configurations, 521&D3 string, sensing DTRs, modems, 522&W, 454(no memory) field, 418* (asterisk) return code, 154. (period) return code, 153^Q, misconfigured modems and hung sessions, 456^U, misconfigured modems and hung sessiosn, 456{Single ring | multiring node} field, 1340x field, 5283Com Corporation, 3795 minute input rate field, 1225 minute output rate field, 12256K flex modem standard, 50781 hex value, 52990 hex value, 52991 hex value, 52992 hex value, 52993 hex value, 52995 hex value, 5299C hex value, 5299F hex value, 52910BaseT, link integrity, 98100BaseT, link integrity, 98100BaseT4, link integrity, 9812000 linecards, memory maps, 884–88512000-GRP memory maps, 883–884

A

A frame, 470A return code, 154A state, 118a1 field, 528a2 field, 528A2 hex value, 529A6 hex value, 529AAA (authentication, authorization, and

accounting), 492, 498

AAL5 frames, segmentation and reassambly, 613AARP (AppleTalk Address Resolution

Protocol), 221abort field, 427Aborted transmission (abort) field, serial line input

errors, 403AC hex value, 529access

hosts to hosts, 349–351, 354hosts to networks, 346–348media

AppleTalk, 221Banyan Virtual Integrated Network

Service (VINES) protocol, 364Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX)

protocol, 174remote

configuring auxiliary ports, 940–941configuring console ports, 939–940

SwitchProbe devices, 810access control, rejections, 323access control bytes, 129Access Control Failed field, troubleshooting DECnet

traffic, 337access control lists (ACLs), 478–479

connectivity problems, 164misconfigurations, 327, 354–355, 373–374,

384, 387, 554AppleTalk, 237, 240, 243dialer lists, 187

MLS-RP component, 713numbering by protocols, 478

access server console port, control signal conflicts, 63

access servers, unresponsive terminal connections, 62–63

access-group command, access list misconfigurations, 554

accessing, 328–329CCO, 941chassis, 44Essentials servers, 755internal systems externally, PIX Firewall,

841–842privileged exec commands, 13remote networks, 310–311


946

routers, remote console and auxiliary ports, 939zones and services, 235–237, 239

access-list permit-1 statement, access list misconfigurations of dialer lists, 187

access-list statements, 192, 199, 479accounting keyword, show interfaces ethernet

command, 99Acknowledgment Number field, 149ACLs.

See

access control listsacquiring mode, ports stuck in, 252–253action plans, network failures, 7active links, 111Active mode

opening data connections, 166routers stuck in, 203–205, 257, 259

active timer value, misconfigurations, 204actual costs vs. configured costs, 326actual hops vs. configured hops, 326adding device information, Essentials, 756–757address availability, clients, 539address errors, 881Address fields, 562, 564

length, Token Ring networks, 130SDLC frames, 269

address mapping errors, 374–377, 388address registration, ILMI, 601address resolution clients, 369Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), 27, 146, 369

client, timeouts requested during network boots, 57–58

requests, routers, 27address resolution services, 369address value, 372, 376addresses

ATM, debug output, 601BUS, LAN Emulation Clients (LECs), 604–605changing, MLS-RP component, 713Connectionless Network Service (CLNS)

protocol, 337DECnet Phase IV protocol, 337DECnet protocol, 318–319destination, 97, 562destination MAC, 629Ethernet-to-Token Ring mapping,

misconfigurations, 289–291IEEE 802 vs. host numbers, 381

interfaces, verifying with Network Control Protocol (NCP), 539

Internet Protocol (IP)connectivity problems, 160verifying, 440

IP helper, missing and misconfigured on intermediate routers, 58

IS-IS NSAP, 342, 344–345ISO-IGRP NSAP, 342, 344–345LAN Emulation Configuration Servers (LECS),

596–597Layer 3, mismatches in peer routers, 621mapping errors, 184Media Access Control (MAC), 146

DECnet protocol, 319, 321finding duplicates, 717protocols embedded with, troubleshooting

bridging, 292–293troubleshooting duplicates, Token Ring

networks, 131misconfigured, troubleshooting, 336, 349MLS-RP, 713–716multicast, missing and misconfigured, 186networks, translation, 164node, 179nodes, troubleshooting ranges, 328, 333NSAP, 342, 344–345protocol

assignments, 221–222TFTP servers, 52

routers, troubleshooting, 347second-network, 334selecting, Banyan Virtual Integrated Network

Service (VINES) protocol, 365–366servers, verifying configurations, 539source, 97, 562troubleshooting, 304verifying availability, clients, 539virtual Token Ring, troubleshooting, 303–304Web, transparent bridging resources, 590X.121, 562

addressingbetween Channel Interface Processor (CIP) and

hosts, 310Connectionless Network Service (CLNS),

342–345errors, RISC processors, 881

accessing


947

global, Frame Relay, 547–548MIPS, 12000-GRP, 883Transmission Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol (TCP/IP), 144–146troubleshooting, 371–372

adjacenciesbidirectional, 331, 334establishing, 332–334routing nodes, toggling, 334

administrative VLANs, Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP), 734

administratively down, 480administratively down interfaces, 524administratively down state, 429, 441Administrator has shut down the server state, 744ADSP (AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol), 229AEP (AppleTalk Echo Protocol), 228AFP (AppleTalk Filing Protocol), 229agents, testing, 810AIS (alarm indication signals), 432–434alarm indication signals (AISs), 432–434alarm indications field, 428alarms

controllers, 432–434remote, 443–445T1 circuits, 405

algorithmsAddress Resolution Protocol (ARP) clients and

servers, 369retransmitting frames, Ethernet, 93routing, Banyan Virtual Integrated Network

Service (VINES) protocol, 366Spanning-Tree (STA), 577, 579, 588SRB, 271–273transparent bridging, 629–630

ALO (at-least-once) transactions, 228ALS state, 119Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI) coding, 413American National Standards Institute (ANSI),

341, 543AMI (Alternate Mark Inversion) coding, 413ampersand (&) return code, 153Analyzer Port field, Switch Agent Test, 813analyzers

network, 18, 20traffic, 620

analyzing logs, Atm Director, 802–803

AniServer, 758, 760, 780ANSI (American National Standards Institute),

341, 543answering modems, MNP5 enabled on, 264apple event-logging command, route flapping, 245AppleTalk, 219

access list numbering, 478technology basics, 219–229troubleshooting

accessing zones and services, 235–239clients cannot connect to servers, 253–254

configurations

,

230–234, 238connection hangs, "Communicating At..."

message, 262–263connections, clients to servers, 261–262dialin connections, 263–265dropped service connections, 249–250FDDITalk, no zones associated with

routes, 260–261interface fails to initialize, 251–252no devices in Chooser, 243performance, AppleTalk Enhanced

IGRP, 257phantom zones in Chooser, 247, 249ports stuck in restarting or acquiring

mode, 252–253routers not establishing neighbors,

254, 256routers stuck in Active mode, 257, 259routes missing from routing tables, 256routes not propagated through AURP

tunnels, 259–260unavailable network services, 244–247zones missing from Chooser, 239–243

appletalk address 0.0 command, configuration mismatches, 235, 240, 251

appletalk address 0.9 command, configuration mismatches, 248

appletalk address command, nondiscovery mode, 252

AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol (AARP), 221

appletalk cable-range, duplicate network numbers and overlapping cable-ranges, 236, 244

appletalk cable-range 0-0 command, configuration mismatches, 235, 240, 248, 251

appletalk cable-range 0-0 command, configuration mismatches


948

appletalk cable-range commandduplicate network numbers and overlapping

cable-ranges, 236, 244invalid zone names in routing tables, 249nondiscovery mode, 252

AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol (ADSP), 229AppleTalk discovery mode, 233–234, 252AppleTalk Echo Protocol (AEP), 228AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP

clients cannot connect to servers, 253–254configurations, routers, 254enabled on network with connected Macintosh

computers, 254not enabled on interfaces, 255–256performance, 257routers not establishing neighbors, 254, 256routers stuck in Active mode, 257, 259routes missing from routing tables, 256

AppleTalk Filing Protocol (AFP), 229appletalk ignore-verify-errors command, 234appletalk interface ethernet command, empty zone

lists, 264appletalk name-lookup-interval command, 236,

238, 252appletalk protocol eigrp command, AppleTalk

Enhanced IGRP not enabled on interfaces, 255–256

appletalk protocol rtmp command, AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP enabled on network with connected Macintosh computers, 254

appletalk route-redistribution command, missing commands, 260

appletalk routing eigrp commandAppleTalk Enhanced IGRP not configured on

routers, 254misconfigured timer values, 258

AppleTalk routing not enabled on interfaces, 262AppleTalk Session Protocol (ASP), 229appletalk timers command, route flapping, 241,

246, 250AppleTalk Transaction Protocol (ATP), 228–229AppleTalk Update Routing Protocol (AURP),

226–228Application Monitoring field, Agent Test, 811application problems, AppleTalk, 253Application Response Time field, Agent Test, 811

applicationsAtmDirector, 801–807Cisco IOS, older versions, 256–259CiscoView, 813–816CiscoWorks, installing on servers, 742connecting to servers, ISDN, 186–189debugging, CiscoSecure Intrusion Detection

System (IDS) (NetRanger), 824–835errors, Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP)

failures, 723TrafficDirector, 808–813Virtual Profiles, 498–502VlanDirector, 795–801

arap network command, 261–263architecture, Digital Network (DNA), 315–316area numbers, troubleshooting, 333areas, 342

addresses, 318host access, 349–351, 354partitioned, 328

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), 27, 146, 369client, timeouts requested during network boots,

57–58requests, routers, 27

ARP filtering, intermediate routers, 58ARP tables, incomplete, 279ARP type field, 101, 117, 134AS5100 modem standard, 507AS5200, memory maps, 922–925AS5300, memory maps, 925–926AS5800, memory maps, 926–931ASP (AppleTalk Session Protocol), 229assignments

addresses, Banyan Virtual Integrated Network Service (VINES) protocol, 365–366

protocol addresses, 221–222subinterfaces, incorrect, 553–554

asterisk (*) return code, 154async mode dedicated command, establishing

modem connections, 513async mode interactive command, establishing

modem connections, 512–513async modems, call pickups, 510asynchronous traffic, 108

appletalk cable-range command


949

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)LAN Emulation (LANE) networks, 593–600transporting frames and packets over WAN

backbones, 611–612connectivity problems, 618–621mapping between destination addresses

and PVCs, 618segmentation and reassembly, AAL5

frames, 613–614, 616traffic shaping and policing, 616–617troubleshooting commands, 622–624variable bit rate, non-real time

(VBR-NRT), 617–618AT prompt, trainup failures, 512AT&FE1Q0, modem misconfigurations and hung

sessions, 456at-least-once (ALO) transactions, 228ATM.

See

Asynchronous Transfer ModeATM Adaptation Layer, segmentation and

reassambly, 613ATM addresses, debug output, debug lane client all

command, 601atm ds3-scramble command, 621atm e3-scramble command, 621ATM Forum, 593atm framing xxx command, 620atm lecs-address-default command, connecting

to LAN Emulation Configuration Servers (LECS), 596

ATM networkschecking, AtmDirector, 803–804clouds, CWSI Campus maps, 792

atm pvc command, 623ATM service providers, 612ATM signaling, 599–600ATM switches, 611AtmDirector, 782, 801, 803–807atm-dxi keyword, 389ATM-VLAN networks, checking with

AtmDirector, 804ATP (AppleTalk Transaction Protocol), 228–229attachment unit interfaces (AUIs), 96AUI (attachment unit interfaces), 96AURP (AppleTalk Update Routing Protocol),

226–228AURP tunnels, 259–260

authenticationapplying commands before completing, 487failures, Point-to-Point (PPP) protocol, 536PPP negotiation, 491–492

authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA), 492, 498

authenticators, 491Auto state, 655Automated TAC Case Management tool, 942autonegotiation, 94

EtherChannel, 686Ethernet, 639–640, 642–650

autonomous systems, routers in different, 200autoreconfiguration, 128autoselect arap command, missing commands, 264autoselect command, 264autoselect enabled on lines, 517autoselect ppp command, establishing modem

connections, 512–513auxiliary port numbers, finding, 455auxiliary ports

configuring, remote access, 940–941output, 521

AV pairs, 501availability

client addresses, verifying, 539network services, troubleshooting, 244–247

B

B state, 118B1 bit, 470B2 bit, 470B2 hex value, 529B8ZS (binary eight-zero substitution) coding, 412B9 hex value, 530backbone connections, 335–337backdoor bridges between segments, 183, 385back-end error messages, 761background processes, CWSI Campus, 779–784backup interface command

invoking backup DDR, 482standby mode, interfaces, 524

backward explicit congestion notification (BECN), 546

bad protocol addresses, TFTP servers, 52

bad protocol addresses, TFTP servers


950

bad routing paths, neighbor routers, 57badValue error message, SNMP, 816bandwidth, periodic SAP updates, 210bandwidth command, 425banners, system. See system bannersBanyan Virtual Integrated Network Service (VINES)

protocolaccess list numbering, 478media access, 364Network layer, 364, 366, 368–370protocol stacks, 363Transport layer, 370troubleshooting, 363–364, 366, 368–377

Basic Rate Interface (BRI), 469, 473, 475BBN (Bolt, Beranek, and Newman), 141beaconing, 128beacons field, 123bearer capability (bearercap), 508BECN (backward explicit congestion

notification), 546BER inactive field, 428BERT/BLERT.

See

bit/block error rate testersBGP.

See

Border Gateway Protocolbidirectional adjacencies, 331, 334binary eight-zero substitution (B8ZS) coding, 412binhex format, submitting information to Technical

Assistance Center (TAC), 943bit/block error rate testers (BERTs/BLERTs), 19bit-oriented synchronous protocols vs. SDLC

protocol, 267bits

C/R, 546D, 273discard eligibility (DE), 546extended address (EA), 546intraLAN, 317ISDN physical layer frames, 470return-to-sender, 317return-to-sender-request, 317routing information indicator (RII), 272

blocked connectionsIPX Enhanced IGRP routers, 196–199RIP routers, 189–193

blocked portschecking, 725–727logging Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP)

events, 725

reducing, Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP), 731–732, 734

blocking mode, ports, 719Bolt, Beranek, and Newman (BBN), 141books, transparent bridging, 590boot images, missing and corrupted, 64–73boot loader recovery

Cisco 4500/4700 routers, 67–71xmodem, 71–73

boot prompt, routers booting from Flash memory, 49–50

boot system commandmisconfigurations, TFTP servers, 53router boot failures, Flash memory, 50

booting problems, 25–26Catalyst 4000 switches, startup, 86–88Catalyst 6000 switches, 63–80LAN switches

Catalyst 2900, 42–43Catalyst 5000, 40–42

local timeouts from ROM, 62networks

client ARPs request timeouts, 57–58invalid routes, 56–57undefined load module errors, 59timeouts and out-of-order packets, 55–56

routers, 26–29booting from another router, 54–55Cisco 2500 series, 38–39Cisco 2600, recovering from corrupted

and missing ios images, 80–81, 83Cisco 3600, recovering from corrupted

and missing ios images, 84–86Cisco 4000 series, 36–37Cisco 7000 series, 32–35Cisco 7500 series, 29–32Flash memory, 44–50hangs after ROM monitors initialize,

59–60stuck in ROM monitor mode, 60–61TFTP servers, 51–53

scrambled output from ROM, 61testing and verifying replacement parts, 44unresponsive terminal connections,

unconfigured access servers, 62–63Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), 381bottlenecks, reducing for priority queuing, 419–420

bad routing paths, neighbor routers


951

boundaries, NSAP addresses, 345boxes

breakout, 18–19empty with red Xs, devices, 790fox, 18–19

BPDU (bridge protocol data units), 579, 726BPDU port guards, 637bps field, speed line command, 514, 519–520break keys, pressed during boot process, 61breakout boxes, 18–19BRI (Basic Rate Interface), 469, 473, 475BRI async modem calling, 509bridge domain command, misconfigured bridging

domains, 589bridge priority command, changes in root

bridges, 586bridge protocol data units (BPDUs), 579, 726bridge-group group lat-compression command, 420bridges, 628

backdoor between segments, 183, 385designated, 578failures, 579forwarding traffic, 576parallel with routers, troubleshooting, 360remote source-routing (RSRB)

host connectivity to server, 279, 281–284NetBIOS client connectivity to server, 285periodic communication failures, 284–285

root, 578, 730bridging

connectivity and performance, IBM-based networks, 274–312

source-route transparent (SRT), 271, 292–293translational, client connectivity to server,

289–292transparent, 575–576

access list numbering, 478Cisco router techniques, 581–582frame formats, 579looping and broadcast storms, 588–589loops, 576–577message formats, 580session terminations, 587Spanning-Tree Algorithm (STA), 577, 579unstable spanning trees, 586–587

bridging domains, misconfigurations, 589

bridging loops, 724–725broadcast field, show dialer map command, 486broadcast keyword

frame-relay map statements, 556misconfigurations, dialer map commands, 516troubleshooting RIP configurations, 312

broadcast networks, 93broadcast packets, forwarding by routers, 385–386broadcast storms, transparent bridging, 588–589broadcast value, 373, 376Broadcast-and-Unknown Server (BUS), 594broadcasts

directed, 381forwarding, 377global, 381requests for servers, 364

broadcasts field, 102, 122, 135broken bridging paths, 584broken lines, restoring, 679–681broken PVCs, 620browsers

NetSonar components not showing in, 822setting up, Essentials, 756

bstun keyword, 389buffered mode, 514, 519–520buffers, adjusting in serial lines, 416–420buffers max free command, 418bugs, researching known, 639building dialer maps, IOS, 485bundles, multilink, 494BUS (Broadcast-and-Unknown Server), 594BUS addresses, LAN Emulation Clients (LECs),

604–605bus errors, 880Busied Out field, show modem command, 463BW field, 100, 116, 134, 425byapss switches, 114bytes

access and frame control, 129Local Management Interface (LMI), 547

bytes field, 103, 122–123, 426bytes input field, 102, 135bytes output field, 136, 428

bytes output field


952

C

C return code, 153C/R bits, 546cable problems

Cisco 2500 routers, 39Cisco 4000 routers, 37

cable testers, 18cablelength {long | short} command, 430, 435cablelength short command, line build out

(LBO), 431cable-ranges, overlapping, 236, 244cables

AppleTalk discovery mode, 233–234connectivity problems, 161console, boot problems, 61fiber, 105–106fiber-optic, testing equipment, 18out of specification, 415ports, 633–634separation of, 405transceiver, 96

cablingconnection failures, X.25 links, 567failures, frame relay links, 551incorrect, modems, 457, 522RJ-45, 511serial errors, X.25 links, 570

caches, NetBIOS name, 285–287call references, 547call setup packets, address fields, 562Call Switching Modules (CSMs), internal modem

allocations for handling incoming calls, 511calls

incoming, ISDN lines, 508–523outbound

configuring interfaces, 484–486ISDN lines, 523–532

remote-procedure (RPC), 370CAM (Content Addressable Memory) tables, 629candidate packets, 708cards

NetFlow Feature (NFFC), 711network interface (NIC)

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), 593EtherChannel support, 684

replacements, 44

carrier failures, frame relay links, 551carrier sense multiple access collision detect

(CSMA/CD) networks, 127carrier transitions counts, serial links, 404–405carrier transitions field, 427CAS groups

incoming calls, 509–510outbound calls, 530

Catalyst 4000 switches, startup, 86–88Catalyst 6000 switches, startup, 63–80Catalyst 8540CSRs, memory maps, 886–889Catalyst IOS images, loading, 74–76Catalyst OS images, loading, 76–80Catalyst switches

configuring switch-to-switch connections, 658–682

Inter-Switch Link (ISL) trunks, 650–658startup delays, 686–689, 696–697, 701–703timing tests, 689–703

Category 5 cables, 635cause code fields, ISDN connection failures, 528cause values, ISDN connection failures, 529–530CCITT (Consultative Committee for International

Telegraph and Telephone), 543, 559CCO, 941, 943CD transitions, serial lines, 404CDDI (Copper Distributed Data Interface), 113CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol), 646CDPCP (Cisco Discovery Protocol Control

Protocol), 492cells, 614, 618–620CFM is... field, 120Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol

(CHAP), 491challenges, 491Channel Interface Processor (CIP), 308–311channels

creating, 665–666D, 439encapsulation ppp, verifying signaling

channels, 436signal, verifying, 436, 447

CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol), 491

chart component, NetSonar, 822chassis, accessing, 44chat scripts, verifying for outbound calls, 526–527

C return code

0056IX.fm 52 Friday, January 12, 2001 4:13 PM

953

check state, 119Checksum field, 149, 175, 368, 380Chooser

no devices in, 243phantom zones in, 247, 249zones missing from, 239–243

CHPIDs, offline to host, troubleshooting, 309CIO, 941, 943CIP (Channel Interface Processor), 308–311circuits

crossed serial, 253E1, 440–450permanent virtual (PVC), 561, 563switched virtual (SVC), 561, 563T1, 405, 429–440virtual, 543, 561

Cisco 1000, 1003/1004/1005, memory maps, 932Cisco 1400, memory maps, 921–922Cisco 1600, memory maps, 920Cisco 1720, memory maps, 920Cisco 2500, memory maps, 919–920Cisco 2600 routers

memory maps, 919recovering, missing and corrupted ios images,

80–81, 83Cisco 3600 routers, recovering, 84–86Cisco 3620, memory maps, 916–917Cisco 3640, memory maps, 917Cisco 3660, memory maps, 918Cisco 4000, memory maps, 914–915Cisco 4500 and 4500-M, memory maps, 915–916Cisco 4500/4700 routers, boot loader recovery,

67–71Cisco 4700 and 4700-M, memory maps, 915–916Cisco 6200, memory maps, 912Cisco 6260, memory maps, 913Cisco 6400-NRP, memory maps, 901–910Cisco 6400-NSP, memory maps, 910–911Cisco 7000 Series RP, memory maps, 891–892Cisco 7100, memory maps, 900–901Cisco 7200 Series NPE, memory maps, 892–900Cisco Dialout Utility, verifying configurations, 457Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP), 646Cisco Discovery Protocol Control Protocol

(CDPCP), 492Cisco Information Online (CIO), 941, 943cisco value, 376

CiscoSecure Intrusion Detection System (IDS), security, 823–835

CiscoSecure Scanner, security, 822CiscoView, 15–16, 782, 813–816CiscoWorks 2000, 741–742

applications included in CWSI (CiscoWorks for Switched Internetworking) Campus, 795–816

CWSI (CiscoWorks for Switched Internetworking) Campus, 779–795

installation and setup, 742–760RME problems, 760–779

CiscoWorks for Switched Internetworking (CWSI) Campus, 779–795

applications included in, 795–816Daemon Manager, 757–758testing database connections, 760

claims field, 123Class A networks, 144Class B networks, 145Class C networks, 145Class D networks, 145Class E networks, 145classes, Internet Protocol (IP) addressing, 144–145CLAW (Common Link Access for

Workstations), 308claw command, troubleshooting RIP

configurations, 312clear appletalk interface command, configuration

mismatches, 235, 239, 247–248, 251clear counters command, 440, 681

router connectivity, 164troubleshooting addressing problems, 310

clear frame-relay-inarp command, 555clear interface command, open relays in multistation

access units (MAUs), 131clear ipx eigrp neighbor command, link problems in

propagating SAP packets, 203clear line command, DCD configurations, 521CLEAR REQUESTS message, misconfigurations of

protocol parameters, 567–568Clearinghouse Protocol, 382client ARPs, timeouts requested during network

boots, 57–58

client ARPs, timeouts requested during network boots


954

clients, 219address resolution, 369communicating with servers over routers,

371–374connecting to hosts, 299–303connecting to servers, 253–254, 261–262,

289–293ISDN, 186–187Local Area Networks (LANs), 178–183over PSN, 374–377packet-switched networks (PSNs),

183–186CWSI Campus, 781intermittent connections between servers,

205–209NetBIOS, connectivity to servers, 285–288performance data, gathering, 465starting, NetSonar, 822Topology, 781User Tracking, 781verifying address availability, 539VlanDirector, 781

clns es-neighbor command, troubleshooting ES-IP protocol, 347, 350, 353

clns keyword, 357–358CLNS protocol.

See

Connectionless Network Service protocol

clns router command, troubleshooting Connectionless Network Service (CLNS) and DECnet protocols, 336

clock rate command, 294, 307, 396clocking problems, troubleshooting, 412–415clocks, transmit, 415cloning, 501closed peers, 279–282, 304–305clouds

ATM networks, CWSI Campus maps, 792broken PVCs, 620

cmt signal bits field, 118codes

data network identification (DNIC), 562return, 153–154

codingAlternate Mark Inversion (AMI), 413binary eight-zero substitution, 412

collision detect rule, Ethernet, 92collision domains, 92

collisionscause of, 91Ethernet, excessive and late, 98Token Ring networks, 126

collisions field, 103, 123, 136, 428columns, Process Failures table, 744command frames, 128–129command mode

show interfaces ethernet command, 99show interfaces serial command, 424

commands, 187–188, 236, 244, 445, 508–510, 539, 601, 621, 938, 941

&C1 modem, DCD configurations, 521access-group, access list misconfigurations, 554apple event-logging, route flapping, 245appletalk address, nondiscovery mode, 252appletalk address 0.0, configuration

mismatches, 235, 240, 248, 251appletalk cable-range

invalid zone names in routing tables, 249nondiscovery mode, 252

appletalk cable-range 0-0, configuration mismatches, 235, 240, 248, 251

appletalk ignore-verify-errors, 234appletalk interface ethernet, empty zone

lists, 264appletalk name-lookup-interval, 236, 238, 252appletalk protocol eigrp, AppleTalk Enhanced

IGRP not enabled on interfaces, 255–256appletalk route-redistribution, 260appletalk routing eigrp

AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP not configured on routers, 254

misconfigured timer values, 258appletalk timers, route flapping, 241, 246, 250applying before completing authentication, 487arap network, 261–263async mode dedicated, establishing modem

connections, 513async mode interactive, establishing modem

connections, 512–513async-bootp subnet-mask, 539atm ds3-scramble, 621atm e3-scramble, 621atm framing xxx, 620atm lecs-address-default, connecting to

LAN Emulation Configuration Servers (LECS), 596

clients


955

atm pvc, 623autoselect, 264autoselect arap, missing commands, 264autoselect ppp, establishing modem

connections, 512–513backup interface

invoking backup DDR, 482standby mode, interfaces, 524

bandwidth, 425boot system, TFTP server misconfigurations, 53boot system flash, router boot failures, 50bridge domain , misconfigured bridging

domains, 589bridge priority, changes in root bridges, 586bridge-group group lat-compression, 420buffers max free, 418cablelength {long | short}, 430, 435cablelength short, line build out (LBO), 431checking router resources, 163claw, RIP configurations, 312clear appletalk interface, configuration

mismatches, 235, 239, 251clear counters

addressing problems, 310clearing interface counters, 440router connectivity, 164

clear frame-relay-inarp, missing frame-relay map commands, 555

clear interface, open relays in multistation access units (MAUs), 131

clear ipx eigrp neighbor, link problems when propagating SAP packets, 203

clear line, DCD configurations, 521clns es-neighbor, troubleshooting ES-IP

protocol, 347, 350, 353clns router, troubleshooting Connectionless

Network Service (CLNS) and DECnet protocols, 336

clock rate, 294, 307, 396conduit permit icmp any any, 839config-register, 856copy running-config startup-config, 234, 855dce-terminal-timing enable, Link-layer

problems, 295, 297debug, 11, 13–14

PIX Firewall, 836–837, 839troubleshooting serial lines, 408–409

debug apple events, 234, 241, 245, 250debug apple zip, ZIP storms, 242, 247debug arp, 409debug atm errors, ATM signaling, 600debug atm sig-error, ATM signaling, 600debug cas, outbound calls from CAS groups,

530–531debug chat, verifying chat scripts, 526debug clns packet, troubleshooting ES-IS

protocol, 347, 350, 352debug decnet adj

bidirectional adjacencies, nodes, 334hello packet exchanges, 329

debug decnet adj privileged, bidirectional adjacencies of nodes, 331

debug decnet connects, misconfigured access lists, 327

debug decnet events, troubleshooting number of adjacencies, 332, 335

debug dialer, 480debug frame-relay events, 409debug frame-relay lmi, 185, 409debug icmptrace, 838debug ip packet, 155–157debug ipx packet, missing ipx helper-address

commands, 188debug ipx routing, propagating RIP

updates, 191debug ipx sap, misconfigured SAP filters, 201debug ipx sap activity

link problems, propagating SAP packets, 203

SAP filter misconfigurations, 194sending SAP updates, 195

debug isdn events, ISDN connection failures of outbound calls, 527

debug isdn q921, troubleshooting PRIs, 437debug isdn q931

ISDN connection failures, outbound calls, 527

Link Control Protocol (LCP) failures, 536debug lane client all, LAN Emulation Client

(LEC) failures, 598debug lane client packet

FLUSH process, 608LE_ARP requests, 607

commands


956

debug lapb, 409, 565connection failures over X.25 links, 567misconfigurations, protocol parameters,

567–568serial errors, X.25 links, 570

debug llc2 packettest frames, 300–301XID frames, 302–303

debug modem, establishing modem sessions, 512

debug packet, 838, 840debug packet if_name, 837debug ppp authentication, ISDN connection

failures of outbound calls, 528debug ppp chap, 409debug ppp errors, 409debug ppp negotiation, 409

establishing modem connections, 513ISDN connection failures, outbound

calls, 528debug ppp packet, 409debug q921, troubleshooting PRIs, 437–439,

448–450debug sanity, generating core dumps, 875debug sdlc, Link-layer problems, 295–296debug sdllc

test frames, 300–301XID frames, 302–303

debug serial interface, 409CSU/DSU loopback tests, 421–422status line conditions, serial lines, 395

debug serial packet, 409debug source event, exceeded hop counts,

276, 282debug source-bridge

end system misconfigurations, 283explorer traffic, 284

debug spantree event, link flapping, 586debug spantree tree, hellos not exchanged, 587debug sqlnet, 838debug stun, closed peers, 305debug stun packet, 305–306debug telnet, 168debug token-ring, end system

misconfigurations, 283debug x25 events, 409, 567–568

debug xns packetmissing or misconfigured xns helper-

address commands, 386missing xns forward-protocol commands,

387decnet access-group, misconfigured access

lists, 327decnet area-max-cost, troubleshooting actual

and configured costs, 326decnet area-max-hops, troubleshooting actual

and configured hops, 326decnet conversion, misconfigured

addresses, 336decnet cost

Connectionless Network Service (CLNS) and DECnet protocols, 336

missing, 326decnet hello-timer

misconfigured end nodes, 322timer mismatches, 338

decnet map, bidirectional adjacencies of nodes, 334

decnet max-address, node address ranges, 328, 333

decnet max-area, 333decnet max-cost, troubleshooting actual and

configured costs, 326decnet max-hops, troubleshooting actual and

configured hops, 326decnet router-priority

misconfigured end nodes, 322router priority, 330troubleshooting number of adjacencies,

332decnet routing-timer, timer mismatches, 338default-metric, 357dialer isdn speed, Link Control Protocol (LCP)

failures, 536dialer map

Link Control Protocol (LCP) failures, 536misconfigurations, 516–517

dialer-group, 477, 479dialer-list, 477–479, 524dialerpool X, misconfigured dialer profiles, 525disconnect, DCD configurations, 521

commands


957

display serversdropped SAP updates from hub router

output queue, 208processing SAP updates, 196, 207, 209

distance, 357–358enable, 13enable password, 853encapsulation, encapsulation mismatches,

184, 388encapsulation frame-relay, encapsulation

mismatches, 552, 554encapsulation ppp, 439

troubleshooting PRIs, 450verifying configurations, signaling

channels, 447ethernet-transit-out, vendor code

mismatches, 291exception flash, 875exception memory, generating core dumps, 875exec

DCD configurations, 521line configurations, no configuration

command, 517flowcontrol hardware, 264, 515, 518frame-relay broadcast-queue size byte-rate

packet-rate, Full Frame Relay broadcast queue, 185

frame-relay lmi-type {ansi | cisco}, type mismatches in Local Management Interface (LMI), 552

frame-relay mapmissing, 555troubleshooting address mapping errors,

374, 376–377frame-relay map interface-dlci, DLCI (data link

connection identifier) assignments to wrong subinterfaces, 553

frame-relay map ipx, address mapping errors, 184

frame-relay map xns, address mapping errors, 388

framing {SF | ESF}increasing framing loss seconds counter,

435lost frames, receivers, 430

Hangup DTR, sensing DTRs, modems, 522hold-queue, 418

hold-queue number in, input drops of serial links, 400

hold-queue number out, input drops of serial links, 400

hold-queue outdropped SAP updates from hub router

output queue, 208output drops, 399

incorrect routing, outbound calls, 525interface counter, media problems, 180ip access-group, verifying access control lists

(ACLs), 164ip classless, router connectivity, 163ip unnumbered, incorrect routing of outbound

calls, 525ipx hello-interval eigrp, hello and hold-time

timer mismatches, 200ipx helper-address, missing, 188–189ipx hold-time eigrp, hello and hold-time timer

mismatches, 200ipx input-network-filter

misconfigured filters, 198misconfigured network filters, 192

ipx input-sap-filterdropped SAP updates from hub router

output queue, 208misconfigured SAP filters, 201SAP filter misconfigurations, 194

ipx networkmisconfigured IPX Enhanced IGRP

protocol, 197missing, 190–191, 198

ipx network network encapsulation, mismatches of Ethernet encapsulation methods, 181

ipx output-network-filter, misconfigured filters, 192, 198

ipx output-sap-delay, processing SAP updates, 196, 207, 209

ipx output-sap-filterdropped SAP updates from hub router

output queue, 208misconfigured SAP filters, 201SAP filter misconfigurations, 194

ipx route, missing and misconfigured RIP and SAP statements, 187

ipx router, route redistributions, 193

commands


958

ipx router eigrpIPX RIP and IPX Enhanced IGRP

protocols enabled on sameinterface, 210

misconfigured IPX Enhanced IGRP protocol, 197

routers in different autonomous systems, 200

ipx router rip, IPX RIP and IPX Enhanced IGRP protocols enabled on same interface, 210

ipx router-sap-filter, dropped SAP updates from hub router output queue, 208

ipx routingduplicate noe numbers, routers, 182misconfigured IPX Enhanced IGRP

protocol, 197misconfigured IPX RIP routing, 189propagating RIP updates, 191

ipx sap, missing and misconfigured RIP and SAP statements, 187

ipx sap-incremental eigrpperiodic SAP updates using excessive

bandwidth, 210sending SAP updates, 202, 207

ipx sap-intervaloutput drops, serial links, 398SAP timer mismatches, 194, 206

ipx type-20-propagation, missing, 187–188ipx update-time, RIP timer mismatches,

191, 206isdn incoming-voice modem, digital modem

call pickups, 511isdn switchtype, SABME messages, 439keepalive seconds, failures in sending

keepalives, 552lane server-atm-address, connecting to LAN

Emulation Servers (LES), 597linecode {ami | b8zs}, line code violations, 435linecode {ami | hdb3}, changing

linecoding, 446lmi, type mismatches in Local Management

Interface (LMI), 552local-ack, SDLC timing problems, 299lock DTE speed, unlocked modem speed

settings, 519–520logging, 939

logging buffer debug, LAN Emulation Client (LEC) failures, 598

logging console, troubleshooting PRIs, 448logging console info, LAN Emulation Client

(LEC) failures, 598loopback, status line conditions, serial

lines, 397missing, 372–373

appletalk route-redistribution, 260arap network, 261–263autoselect, 264decnet cost, troubleshooting, 326default-metric, 357distance, 358frame-relay map, 555tftp-server, 54

missing and incorrect interesting traffic definitions, 524

missing or misconfigured, 386–387mls rp management-interface, 712MLS-RP component, 714modem AT, unlocked modem speed

settings, 514modem autoconfigure, 454modem call-record terse, 464modem dialin, disabled modem control, 523modem inout

digital modem call pickups, 511disabled modem control, 521–522enabling modem control, 456

modem ri-is-cddisabled modem control, 521enabling modem control, 456

modemcap edit modem-name attribute value, 454

modem-mgmt debug rbs, 509, 530monitor, 846moretrace, troubleshooting offline Channel

Interface Processor (CIP) devices, 308multiring, missing, 278netstat gate, 311–312netstat -rn, missing or misconfigured default

gateway specifications, 346network, IPX RIP and IPX Enhanced IGRP

protocols enabled on same interface, 210no access-group, misconfigured access lists,

354–355

commands


959

no apple pre-fdditalk, FDDITalk version mismatches, 261

no appletalk access-group, misconfigured access lists and filters, 240, 243

no appletalk discovery, 234no appletalk eigrp-timers, timer value

mismatches, 256no appletalk ignore-verify-errors, 234no appletalk timers, route flapping, 241,

246, 250no cdp enable, 492no clns, troubleshooting Connectionless

Network Service (CLNS) and DECnet protocols, 336

no clns router iso-igrp, troubleshooting ISO-IGRP process configurations, 359

no debug, 13no debug all, 13no debug packet, 838, 840no decnet access-group, misconfigured access

lists, 327no exec

DCD configurations, 521lines configured with, 517

no flowcontrol hardware, hardware flow control configurations, 515

no ip route-cache, output drops in serial links, 399

no ipx hello-interval eigrp, hello and hold-time timer mismatches, 200

no ipx hold-time interval eigrp, hello and hold-time timer mismatches, 200

no ipx input-network-filter, misconfigured filters, 192, 198

no ipx input-sap-filter, misconfigured SAP filters, 194, 201

no ipx output-network-filter, misconfigured filters, 192, 198

no ipx output-sap-filter, misconfigured SAP filters, 194, 201

no ipx routing, duplicate noe numbers of routers, 182

no ipx sap-incremental eigrp, sending SAP updates, 207

no ipx sap-interval, SAP timer mismatches, 194, 206

no lmn rps, RPS conflicts in Token Ring networks, 132

no logginglog message overloads, 437troubleshooting PRIs, 448

no logging console, 13no loopback, 432

disabling loopback mode, 443status line conditions, serial lines, 397verifying configurations, signaling

channels, 447verifying signaling channels, 436

no passive-interface, troubleshooting RIP configurations, 312

no shutdownadministratively down interfaces, 524D-channels, 439DLCI (data link connection identifier)

assignments to wrong subinterfaces, 553–554

status line conditions, serial lines, 398troubleshooting PRIs, 437, 448, 450troubleshooting router interfaces, 371, 383verifying configurations, signaling


no shutdown interface configuration, router interfaces down, 181

no vines access-group, misconfigured access lists, 373

no x25 map, misconfigured x25 map command, 568

no xns access-group, misconfigured accesslists, 384

nrconns, 824nrest, 824nrstart, 824nrstatus, 823nrstop, 824nrvers, 823nslookup, connectivity problems with Domain

Name Servers (DNS), 168nzri-encoding, Link-layer problems, 295, 297passive-interface, troubleshooting RIP

configurations, 311password line, 854

commands


960

ping, 11, 14addressing problems, 310discarded cells, 619host misconfigurations, 312misconfigured T1 timers, 285missing or misconfigured IP routes, 311remote peer routes, 280serial lines, 409–411

pri-group, 439, 475priority-list, 419privileged exec, accessing, 13pvc, 622redistribute, route redistributions, 193, 199ring-speed

ring speed specification mismatches, 182troubleshooting ring speed

mismatches, 130rotary 1, 455route add default, 346route-map, misordered sequence numbers,

356–357router diagnostic, 11–15RTS/CTS Flow, hardware flow control

configurations, 518script, 939script dialer, verifying chat scripts, 526sdlc partner, troubleshooting test frames,

300–301sdllc traddr, 303sdllc xid, troubleshooting XID frames, 302–303service internal, 509, 530service timestamps debug datetime msec, 502set interface sc0, 654set interface sc0 2, 656set port channel 2/1-4 auto, 676set port duplex 1/1 half, 647–648set port speed 1/1 10, 645, 648set port speed 1/1 auto, 644, 649set port speed mod_num/port_num auto,

autonegotiation, 642set trunk, 656set trunk 1/1 desirable, 657set trunk off, 689set vlan 1 2/4, 678–679set vlan 2, 656set vtp domain Cookbook, 657setting EtherChannel configurations, 681–682

sh atm int atm, 620sh atm map, 621sh atm pvc, 623sh controller, input errors, 614show, 11–12, 879show access-lists

access list misconfigurations, 354–355, 387, 554

filter misconfigurations, 198network filter misconfigurations, 192SAP filter misconfigurations, 194, 201

show apple interfaces, AppleTalk routing, 262show appletalk access list, misconfigured

access lists and filters, 240, 243show appletalk eigrp neighbors

interface and hardware problems, AppleTalk, 258

timer value mismatches, 255show appletalk eigrp-timers, timer value

mismatches, 255show appletalk globals, Phase 1 and 2 rule

violations, 236, 252show appletalk interface

configuration mismatches, 235, 237, 239, 247–248, 251

crossed serial circuits, 253misconfigured AURP tunnels, 260

show appletalk neighbors, 233, 236, 252show appletalk private, ZIP storms, 242, 247show appletalk route

empty zone lists, 264ZIP storms, 242, 247

show appletalk traffic, ZIP storms, 242, 246show appletalk zones

empty zone lists, 264invalid zone names in routing tables, 249

show arp, incomplete ARP tables, 279show atm ilmi-status, connecting to LAN

Emulation Configuration Servers (LECS), 596

show atm pvc, 621show atm vc, 622show bridge

broken bridging paths, 584hardware and media problems, 584host down, 584

commands


961

link errors, duplex mismatches, and port errors, 589

misconfigured Ethernet-to-Token Ring address mapping, 289

show buffers, 12, 416, 418show cdp neighbors, 12show clns, troubleshooting ISO-IGRP process

configurations, 359show clns interface, troubleshooting


show clns is-neighbors detail, troubleshooting parallel bridges and repeaters, 360

show clns neighbors, troubleshooting routers, 348, 353

show clns neighbors detailtroubleshooting end systems (ESs), 346troubleshooting parallel bridges and

repeaters, 360show clns route, troubleshooting routers,

348, 354show controller e1, 440–446, 448show controller t1, 429–431

error events, 434line code violations, 435troubleshooting PRIs, 437

show controller t1 call-counters, 466show controllers, 12show controllers serial, troubleshooting serial

lines, 405–406show debugging, 12show decnet access-list, misconfigured access

lists, 327show decnet interface

actual and configured costs, 326actual and configured hops, 326Connectionless Network Service (CLNS)

and DECnet protocols, 336enabling DECnet protocol, 325router priority, 330timer mismatches, 338

show decnet routeactual and configured costs, 326actual and configured hops, 326bidirectional adjacencies, nodes, 331, 334

show decnet traffic, troubleshooting DECnet traffic, 337

show dialer map, 485–486show executor characteristics, misconfigured

end nodes, 322show extended channel slot/port stat, host

misconfigurations, 312show extended channel slot/port statistics,

addressing problems, 308, 310show extended channel slot/port subchannel,

CHPIDs offline to hosts, 309show flash, 12show flash all, 875show frame-relay, encapsulation

mismatches, 552show frame-relay map

encapsulation mismatches, 554misconfigured DLCI assignments, Frame

Relay protocol, 184missing frame-relay map commands, 555

show frame-relay pvcDLCI (data link connection identifier)


inactive or deleted data link connection identifiers (DLCIs), 552, 554

show idsn status, troubleshooting PRIs, 437show interface

closed peers, 305default gateway problems, HSRP, 599link errors, duplex mismatches, and port

errors, 589link flapping, 586media problems, SRT bridging, 289, 293Physical and Data Link layer

problems, 300router connectivity, 164timer value mismatches, 255

show interface atm (module/port), 614show interface serial x, 436, 447show interfaces, 12

bidirectional adjacencies, nodes, 331, 334crossed serial circuits, 253Data Link layer, 307encapsulation mismatches, 184, 281, 388failures in sending keepalives, 552flapping routes, 205

commands


962

Full Frame Relay broadcast queue, Frame Relay protocol, 185

full input and output queues, 585hardware and media problems, 584hello packet exchanges, 329Input and Output queues, 338link problems, 200, 202media problems, 180, 338misconfigured addresses, 336Physical layer, 293, 307priority queuing, 420processing SAP updates, 196, 207, 209route flapping, 240–241, 244, 249router interfaces, 181, 371, 383spanning trees, none implemented, 588up/up interfaces, 480verifying interface state, 524viewing changes, switches, 656

show interfaces ethernet, 98–103show interfaces fddi, 114–123show interfaces serial

cabling, hardware, and carrier problems, 551

connection failures over X.25 links, 567CSU/DSU loopback tests, 421, 423dropped SAP updates from hub router

output queue, 208serial errors, X.25 links, 570serial lines, 393–405, 423–428type mismatches, Local Management

Interface (LMI), 552X.25 connections, 565–566

show interfaces serial xD-channels, 439troubleshooting PRIs, 450

show interfaces token, ring speed specification mismatches, 182

show interfaces tokenring, Token Ring networks, 130–136

show ip route, 525missing or misconfigured IP routes, 311remote peer routes, 280

show ip route a.b.c.d, 621show ipx eigrp, link problems with routers

establishing neighbors, 200show ipx eigrp neighbors, routers stuck in active

mode, 204

show ipx interfacemismatches, Ethernet encapsulation

methods, 181missing ipx network commands, 190, 198RIP timer mismatches, 191, 206

show ipx routeduplicate network numbers, 182route redistributions, 193

show ipx serversdropped SAP updates from hub router

output queue, 208duplicate network numbers, 182processing SAP updates, 196, 207, 209

show ipx traffic, back-door bridges between segments, 183

show isdn service, 475show isdn status, 473–476

ISDN connection failures, outbound calls, 527

troubleshooting PRIs, 437, 448show isis database detail, troubleshooting

routers, 348, 354show known circuit characteristics,

misconfigured end nodes, 322show lane client

ATM signaling, 599LAN Emulation Client (LEC)

failures, 595output, 605–606, 608

show lane client name , split ELANs, 598show lane config, connecting to LAN

Emulation Configuration Servers (LECS), 597

show lane defaultconnecting to LAN Emulation

Configuration Servers (LECS), 596connecting to LAN Emulation Servers

(LES), 597show lane server, connecting to LAN Emulation

Configuration Servers (LECS), 597show line

async modem call pickups, 511disabled modem control, 521–522enabling modem control, 456finding auxiliary port numbers, 455hardware flow control configurations,

515, 518

commands


963

incorrect modem cabling, 457, 522line configurations, no configuration

command, 517rotary groups, 458–461unlocked modem speed settings, 513,

518, 520show lnm, end system misconfigurations, 283show logging, 437

setting spanning tree logging, 691–692troubleshooting PRIs, 448

show mac, monitoring packet distribution, 668show memory summary, 12show modem, 462–463show modem call-stats, 463show modem connect-speeds, 464show modem operational-status, 464–465show modem summary, 462–463show modemcap modem-name, 454show module, 660show netbios name-cache, troubleshooting

explorer traffic, 284show netbios-cache, NetBIOS name cache

mapping, 286show port, 661–662, 695show port 1/1, 644–649, 654show port capabilities, 653–654, 664show port capabilities 1/1, 643–644show port channel, 667, 675–678, 688–689show port mod_num/port_num,

autonegotiation, 642show process cpu, 12show protocol route, exceeded hop counts,

276, 282show rif

incomplete ARP tables, 279misconfigured Ethernet-to-Token Ring

address mapping, 290NetBIOS name cache mapping, 285

show running, spanning explorers, 277show running-config, 12, 234

access list misconfigurations, dialer lists, 187

address mapping errors, 184, 374–375, 388

AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP, 254–256broadcast forwarding, 377

broadcast keywords in frame-relay map statements, 556

checking IP addresses, interfaces, 440closed peers, 305decnet max-area command, 333dialer map command

misconfigurations, 516enabling DECnet protocol, 325, 328enabling IPX RIP protocols on

networks, 198enabling Xerox Network Systems (XNS)

protocols on routers, 383end node and router area number

mismatches, 329explorer traffic, 281hello and hold-time timer

mismatches, 200incorrect routing, outbound calls, 525invalid zone names in routing tables, 248IPX RIP and IPX Enhanced IGRP

protocols enabled on same interface, 210

misconfigurations, x25 map command, 568

misconfigured active timer values, 204misconfigured addresses, 336misconfigured AURP tunnels, 260misconfigured bridging filters, 585misconfigured dialer maps, 525misconfigured dialer profiles, 525misconfigured filters, 198misconfigured IPX Enhanced IGRP

protocol, 197misconfigured IPX RIP routing, 189misconfigured network filters, 192misconfigured SAP filters, 201misconfigured timer values, 258misordered sequence numbers, 356missing and incorrect interesting traffic

definitions, 524missing and misconfigured multicast

addresses, SMDS, 186missing and misconfigured RIP and SAP

statements, 187missing commands, 260–264missing ipx helper-address

commands, 188

commands


964

missing multiring commands, 278missing or misconfigured default-metric

commands, 357missing or misconfigured distance

commands, 358missing or misconfigured xns

helper-address commands, 386missing vines serverless and vines

arp-enable commands, 372–373missing xns forward-protocol

commands, 387NetBIOS name cache mapping, 286node address ranges, 328, 333physical layer, 294PRIs, 450propagating RIP updates, 191PVC set ups, 375, 377ring number mismatches, 275ring speed mismatches, 130RIP configurations, 311route redistributions, 193, 199router configurations, 349routers in different autonomous

systems, 200running RTMP and AppleTalk Enhanced

IGRP simultaneously on same interface, 257

SABME messages, 438SAP filter misconfigurations, 194SAP timer mismatches, 194, 206SDLC timing problems, 299sending SAP updates, 202, 207SNRM and XID frames, 306status line conditions, serial lines,

397–398timer value mismatches, 255test frames, 300verifying configurations, isdn switchtypes

and pri-groups, 436, 447verifying interface protocol

configurations, Network Control Protocol (NCP), 538

XID frames, 302

show source-bridgeexplorer traffic, 281, 284missing or misconfigured source-bridge

remote-peer commands, 279spanning explorers, 277

show spanbroken bridging paths, 584changes in root bridges, 586link flapping, 586misconfigured bridging domains, 589Spanning-Tree Algorithm (STA)

mismatches, 588show spanning, misconfigured Ethernet-to-

Token Ring address mapping, 289show spantree, 667, 688show stacks, 12show startup-config, 12show stun

closed peers, 304SNRM and XID frames, 305–306

show tech, system crashes, 880show time, 692–693, 696show trunk 1/1, 654–655show trunk mod-num/port_num, trunking, 652show version, 12

displaying IOS version and configuration, 690–691

router connectivity, 164troubleshooting hardware problems, 309troubleshooting old IOS releases, 309viewing processor types, 880

show vines, troubleshooting metric values, 372show vines access-list, misconfigured access

lists, 373show vines route, addressing problems, 371show vtp domain, trunking, 652show xns access-list, misconfigured access

lists, 384show xns interface, mismatched network

numbers, 383show xns traffic, backdoor bridges between

segments, 385show-running-config, duplicate noe numbers of

routers, 182

commands


965

shutdownadministratively down interfaces, 524DLCI (data link connection identifier)


standby mode, interfaces, 524status line conditions, serial lines, 398

smds multicast ipx, missing and misconfigured multicast addresses, SMDS, 186

smds static-map ipx, address mapping errors, 184

source-bridgemisconfigured, troubleshooting, 287–288ring number mismatches, 275

source-bridge proxy-explorer, NetBIOS name cache mapping, 286

source-bridge remote-peermisconfigured source-bridge

command, 288missing or misconfigured, 279–280

source-bridge spanning, troubleshooting explorer traffic, 281

speed line, unlocked modem speed settings, 513, 518, 520

stun routeclosed peers, 305SNRM and XID frames, 306

tell, unrecognized objects, 323terminal monitor, 13, 448timers active-time, misconfigured timer values,

204, 258trace, 11, 14–15

enabling, 782misconfigured access lists, 354–355packet routing, Level 2 routers, 352troubleshooting routers, 348, 353

track on, misconfigured clients and servers, 179transport input telnet, 455troubleshooting CiscoSecure Intrusion

Detection System (IDS) (NetRanger), 823–824

troubleshooting PortFast configurations, 704, 706

troubleshooting Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) failures, 728–729

tunnel destination, misconfigured AURP tunnels, 260

tunnel source, misconfigured AURP tunnels, 260

undebug sanity, 875username name password password,

authentication failures with Point-to-Point (PPP) protocol, 536

v25 pvc n vines address, PVC set ups, 375, 377verifying interface addresses, Network Control

Protocol (NCP), 539verifying PortFast configurations, 704verifying PortFast is enabled, 697vines, troubleshooting metric values, 372vines arp-enable, 372–373vines propagage, broadcast forwarding, 377vines serverless, 372–373vines serverless broadcast, broadcast

forwarding, 377write core, 876write memory, 440, 855x25, misconfigurations, 568–569x25 map ipx, address mapping errors, 184x25 map vines, address mapping errors,

374–375x25 map xns, address mapping errors, 388xns forward-protocol, missing, 387xns helper-address, missing or misconfigured, ,

386–387xns input-network-filter, backdoor bridges

between segments, 385xns network, mismatched router network

numbers, 384xns routing, enabling Xerox Network Systems

(XNS) protocols on routers, , 383Common Link Access for Workstations (CLAW)

connections, 308communication

clients with servers over routers, 371–374routers, SDLC protocol, 293–298

communication failures, 284–285community strings, CWSI Campus, 788–789components, Integrated Services Digital Network

(ISDN), 467–468compress frf9 stac, 377compress frf9 stac value, 377compressed system images, router boot failures,

47–48conduit permit icmp any any command, 839

conduit permit icmp any any command


966

config-register command, 856configuration errors, EtherChannel, 674–681configuration messages, 579Configuration mismatch, 239–240configuration mismatches, AppleTalk, 235–240,

247–248, 251configuration registers, misconfigurations, 60–61configurations

access lists, 187, 327, 354–355, 373–374, 384, 387, 554

active timer value, 204addresses, 336, 349AppleTalk access lists and filters, 237, 240, 243AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP, routers, 254ATM mapping, 618AURP tunnels, 260autoreconfiguration, 128boot system command, TFTP servers, 53bridging domains, 589bridging filters, 585checking for connectivity problems, 159, 161Cisco Dialout Utility, verifying, 457clients and servers, 179configuration registers, 50, 60–61CSU, clocking, 414DCD, modems, 521decnet max-area value, 333default gateway specifications, 52, 346dialer interface, 487dialer map commands, 516–517dialer maps, 525dialer profiles, 525DLCI assignments, Frame Relay protocol, 184DSU, clocking, 415Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP), 657–658end nodes, 322–323EtherChannel, 636EtherChannel, commands for setting, 681–682filters, 198–199flow control, 264–265Frame Relay, 549global, mls rp ip statement, 712hardware flow control, 515–516, 518hosts, 354hub go-ahead, 268Integrated Services Digital Network

(ISDN), 468

interface, 498, 712interface protocol, verifying with Network

Control Protocol (NCP), 538IP helper addreses, intermediate routers, 58IPX RIP routing, routers, 189isdn switchtypes and pri-groups, 436, 447ISO-IGRP processes, 359lines, no exec command, 517loop, 268modems, 456multicast addresses, SMDS, 186multipoint, 268network, 498network filters, 192physical interfaces, 499–500point-to-point, 268PortFast, 704, 706ports, 636protocol parameters, 567–568register settings, TFTP servers, 53RIP statements, 187RIPs, routers, 311–312router priority, troubleshooting, 330–331routers, 349–350

IPX Enhanced IGRP protocol, routers, 197

saving changes, 709SAP filters, 194–195, 201–202SAP statements, 187saving, write memory command, 440server address, verifying, 539signaling channels, 447timer values, 258verifying, isdn switchtypes and pri-groups, 447virtual access interfaces, 500, 502x25 map command, 568–569

configurations, routers, 709configured costs vs. actual costs, 326configured hops vs. actual hops, 326Configured tvx field, 121configuring

auxiliary ports, remote access, 940–941console ports, remote access, 939–940DECnet nodes to log DECnet events, 322–325EtherChannel, 660–672Ethernet autonegotiation, 643–650interfaces, outbound calling, 484–486

config-register command


967

Inter-Switch Link (ISL) trunks, Catalyst switches, 652–657

LANE services, 797–801modems, reverse Telnet sessions, 455Multichassis Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol

(MMP), 496Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol (MLP), 493routers, fault-tolerant boot sequences, 27switch-to-switch connections, Catalyst

switches, 658–682Uni-Directional Link Detection (UDLD),

Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP), 735confirm state, 117conflicts, RPS, 132congested rings, Token Ring networks, 132congestion, serial links, 404congestion control, Frame Relay, 546connecting

LAN Emulation Configuration Server (LECS), 601–602

LAN Emulation Server (LES), 602–603multilink bundles indefinitely, 494

connection failuresLAN Emulation Configuration Server (LECS),

596–597LAN Emulation Server (LES), 597

Connectionless Network Service (CLNS) protocoladdressing, 337, 342–345troubleshooting, 336, 341–360

connectionsapplications to servers, 186, 188–189backbones, 335–337blocked, IPX Enhanced IGRP routers, 196–199blocked, RIP routers, 189–193clients to servers, 261–262

ISDN, 186–187Local Area Networks (LANs), 178–183packet-switched networks (PSNs),

183–186clients to servers over PSN, 374–377Common Link Access for Workstations

(CLAW), 308control, 166CWSI campus, testing, 760data, 166dialin, sending and receiving data, 263–264dialin, slow performance, 264–265

dialup, 453dial-on-demand routing (DDR), 476–489Integrated Services Digital Network

(ISDN) operations, 467–476modems, 454–457Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), 489–503rotary groups, 457–466

failures, 354Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), 107hangs, "Communicating At..." message,

262–263hosts, 322–328intermittent between clients and servers,

205–209ISDN, 507

incoming calls, 508–523outbound calls, 523–532Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), 532–539

LAN Emulation Client (LEC), 596–597, 600lost, EventChannel, 783parallel paths, 355–356physical

Ethernet and IEEE 802.3, 94, 96Token Ring networks, 127

ports, EtherChannel, 662–663rejections, 323routers to tunnels, 227servers over routers, 382–383, 385services, dropped, 249–250switch-to-switch, configuring in Catalyst

switches, 658–682terminals, unresponsive, 62–63X.25 protocol

characteristics of, 559, 561failures over X.25 links, 566–569frame formats, 561, 563–564serial errors, X.25 links, 569–570show interfaces serial command, 565–566

connectivity, 618–621bridging and routing, IBM-based networks,

274–312CiscoSecure Intrusion Detection System (IDS)

(NetRanger), 828clients to hosts, 299–303clients to servers, 289–293Domain Name Servers (DNSs), 168–169

connectivity


968

domains, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP), 158

end-station startup problems, 682–706Internet Protocol (IP), 162–164local, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet

protocol (TCP/IP), 159–160modems to routers, 456–457physical, Transmission Control Protocol/

Internet protocol (TCP/IP), 160–161PIX firewalls, 842–843ports, LAN switching, 633–639restoring, bridging loops, 724–725SDLC protocol, 298–303transparent bridging, 583–585upper-layer protocols, 164–168

console cables, boot problems, 61console ports, remote access, 939–940console terminals, disabling logging, 13Consultative Committee for International Telegraph

and Telephone (CCITT), 543, 559Contact field

Agent Test, 812Switch Agent Test, 813

Content Addressable Memory (CAM) tables, 629control connections, 166Control field, 269, 564control signals, flow control conflicts, 63Controller type field, 369controllers

alarmsE1 lines, 443T1 lines, 432–434

E1, states, 441–442conversions, AppleTalk Update Routing Protocol

(AURP) packets, 228Converted field, troubleshooting DECnet traffic, 337converters, media, 634cooling subsystem problems

Catalyst 2900 LAN switches, 43Catalyst 5000 LAN switches, 41Cisco 2500 routers, 39Cisco 2600 routers, 83Cisco 4000 routers, 37Cisco 7000 routers, 34–35Cisco 7500 routers, 31

copper cables, ports, 635Copper Distributed Data Interface (CDDI), 113

copy running-config startup-config command, 234, 855

copying debug command output and system error messages, 13

Core column, Process Failures table, 744core dumps, 873–876corrupt databases, CWSI Campus, 784–786corrupted boot images, recovering Catalyst 6000

switches, 64–73corruption

cells, 614ios images, 80–86operating systems, 639packets

blocked ports, 727Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP)

failures, 721costs

actual vs. configured, troubleshooting, 326DECnet protocol, 317root path, 578–579

countersforward trans count, 727framing loss seconds, 435

E1 lines, 446interfaces, clearing, 440max age expiry, 727sh atm pvc vpi/vci, 615slip secs, 435, 446

countscarrier transitions, serial links, 404–405hop, exceeding, 276–277, 282

Courier Protocol, 382CPE (customer permises equipment), 507crashes, system, 879–880, 882CRC (cyclic redundancy check), 97, 614CRC (cyclic redundancy check) value, 97, 614CRC errors (CRC) field, input errors, serial lines,

401–402CRC field, 102, 122, 136, 427created parameter, 418crossed serial circuits, 253CSM (Call Switching Module), internal modem

allocations for handling incoming calls, 511CSMA/CD networks (carrier sense multiple access

collision detect networks), 127

connectivity


969

CSUhardware problems, serial lines, 404misconfigurations, clocking, 414

CSU/DSU loopback tests, 420–423customer premises equipment (CPE), 507customizing discrepancy reports, 795cvinstall.cshrc, system performance, 814cvinstall.sh, system performance, 814CWSI (CiscoWorks for Switched Internetworking)

Campus, 741–742, 779–795applications included in, 795–816background processes, 779–784Daemon Manager, 757–758testing database connections, 760

CWSI Campus Client, 781CWSI Campus Database, 780cyclic redundancy check (CRC), 270, 614cyclic redundancy check (CRC) value, 97

D

D bit, 273, 470D4 framing, 413D8 hex value, 530Daemon Manager, 757–758DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects

Agency), 141–142, 379DAS (dual-attachment stations), 107Dashboard Monitor, identifying device

problems, 815dashed lines, links appearing as, 789data

clients performance, gathering, 465collecting from routers, 939modem performance, gathering, 461–462sending and receiving, dialin connections,

263–264submitting to Technical Assistance Center

(TAC), 942viewing from scans, NetSonar, 822

data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE), 543–544, 559, 561

data communications equipment (DCE) devices, serial clock transmit external (SCTE) terminal timing, 413

data connections, 166

Data field, 112, 144, 149, 564data field, Ethernet and IEEE 802.3, 97data frames, 128–129data link connection identifiers (DLCIs), 545–548

assignments to wrong subinterfaces, 553–554inactive or deleted, 552, 554

Data Link layer, 300, 307–308Data management package, CiscoSecure Intrusion

Detection System (IDS) (NetRanger), 830, 832data network identification codes (DNICs), 562Data Offset field, 149Data stream service, 370data terminal equipment (DTE), 543–546, 559, 561databases, CWSI Campus, 760, 780, 784–786Datagram Delivery Protocol (DDP), 224data-link switching (DLSw), 267DCD configurations, modems, 521DCE (data circuit-terminating equipment), 543–544,

559, 561DCE Speed field, Agent Test, 812dce-terminal-timing enable command, Link-layer

problems, 295, 297D-channels, 439DDP (Datagram Delivery Protocol), 224DDR (dial-on-demand routing), 476–489, 499–500DE (discard eligibility (DE) bits, 546debug apple events command, 234, 241, 245, 250debug apple zip command, ZIP storms, 242, 247debug arp command, 409debug atm errors command, ATM signaling, 600debug atm sig-error command, ATM signaling, 600debug cas, incoming calls from CAS groups, 509debug cas command

incoming calls, CAS groups, 509outbound calls, CAS groups, 530–531

debug chat command, verifying chat scripts, 526debug clns packet command, troubleshooting ES-IS

protocol, 347, 350, 352debug command, enabling, 782debug commands, 11–14

PIX Firewall, 836–839troubleshooting serial lines, 408–409

debug decnet adj commandbidirectional adjacencies, nodes, 334hello packet exchanges, 329

debug decnet adj privileged command, bidirectional adjacencies in nodes, 331

debug decnet adj privileged command, bidirectional adjacencies in nodes


970

debug decnet connects command, misconfigured access lists, 327

debug decnet events command, troubleshooting number of adjacencies, 332, 335

debug dialer command, 480debug frame-relay events command, 409debug frame-relay lmi command, 185, 409debug icmp trace commands, debug icmp trace, 837debug icmptrace command, 838debug ip packet command, 155–157debug ipx packet, missing ipx type-20-propagation

commands, 187debug ipx packet command

missing ipx helper-address commands, 188missing ipx type-20-propagation commands,

187debug ipx routing command, propagating RIP

updates, 191debug ipx sap activity command

link problems, propagating SAP packets, 203SAP filter misconfigurations, 194sending SAP updates, 195

debug ipx sap command, misconfigured SAP filters, 201

debug isdn events command, ISDN connection failures of outbound calls, 527

debug isdn q921 command, troubleshooting PRIs, 437

debug isdn q931, incoming calls from ISDN lines, 508

debug isdn q931 commandincoming calls from ISDN lines, 508ISDN connection failures, outbound calls, 527Link Control Protocol (LCP) failures, 536

debug lane client all, LAN Emulation Client (LEC) connections, 601

debug lane client all commandLAN Emulation Client (LEC) connections, 601LAN Emulation Client (LEC) failures, 598

debug lane client packet commandFLUSH process, 608LE_ARP requests, 607

debug lapb, 565

debug lapb command, 409, 565connection failures over X.25 links, 567misconfigurations, protocol parameters,

567–568serial errors, X.25 links, 570

debug llc2 packet commandtest frames, 300–301XID frames, 302–303

debug messages, 437–438debug modem, incoming calls from CAS

groups, 509debug modem command

establishing modem sessions, 512incoming calls, CAS groups, 509

debug modem csm, incoming calls from CAS groups, 509–510

debug modem csm command, incoming calls from CAS groups, 509–510

debug packet command, 838, 840debug packet if_name command, 837debug ppp authentication command, ISDN

connection failures of outbound calls, 528debug ppp chap command, 409debug ppp errors command, 409debug ppp negotiate

incoming calls, ISDN lines, 509debug ppp negotiate command

incoming calls, ISDN lines, 509debug ppp negotiation command, 409

establishing modem connections, 513ISDN connection failures, outbound calls, 528

debug ppp packet command, 409debug q921 command, 437–439, 448–450debug sanity command, generating core dumps, 875debug sdlc command, troubleshooting Link-layer

problems, 295–296debug sdllc command

test frames, 300–301XID frames, 302–303

debug serial interface command, 409CSU/DSU loopback tests, 421–422status line conditions, serial lines, 395

debug serial interfaces, incoming calls from CAS groups, 510

debug serial interfaces command, incoming calls from CAS groups, 510

debug serial packet command, 409

debug decnet connects command, misconfigured access lists


971

debug sessions, Point-to-Point (PPP) protocol, 532, 534

debug source event command, exceeded hop counts, 276, 282

debug source-bridge commandend system misconfigurations, 283explorer traffic, 284

debug spantree event command, link flapping, 586debug spantree events command, 705debug spantree tree command

hellos not exchanged, 587debug sqlnet command, 838debug stun command, closed peers, 305debug stun packet command


debug telnet command, 168debug token-ring command, end system

misconfigurations, 283debug x25 events command, 409, 567–568debug xns packet command

missing or misconfigured xns helper-address commands, 386

missing xns forward-protocol commands, 387debugging

applications, CiscoSecure Intrusion Detection System (IDS) (NetRanger), 824–835

external modems, 510output, 277packet, 151, 156–157

debugs, 531DECnet, access list numbering, 478decnet access-group command, misconfigured

access lists, 327decnet area-max-cost command, actual and

configured costs, 326decnet area-max-hopss command, actual and

configured hops, 326decnet conversion command, misconfigured

addresses, 336decnet cost command, 326, 336decnet hello-timer command

misconfigured end nodes, 322timer mismatches, 338

decnet map command, bidirectional adjacencies in nodes, 334

decnet max-address command, node address ranges, 328, 333

decnet max-area command, decnet max-area value, 333

decnet max-area value, 333decnet max-cost command, troubleshooting actual

and configured costs, 326decnet max-hops command, troubleshooting actual

and configured hops, 326DECnet protocol

Digital Network Architecture (DNA), 315–316Network layer, 316–320Transport layer, 320troubleshooting, 315–338

decnet router-priority commandmisconfigured end nodes, 322number of adjacencies, 332router priority, 330

decnet routing-timer command, timer mismatches, 338

default gateway specifications, 52, 346default gateways

HSRP problems, 599none on workstations, 557

default-metric command, 357Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

(DARPA), 141–142, 379deinsert state, 119delays, startup, 686–689, 696–697, 701–703deleting devices, 791delimiters

end, 129start-of-frame (SOF), 96

deny keyword, 357deny statements, access lists, 480Description field, 811–813designated bridges, 578designated routers, 329–331Desirable state, 655Destination Address field, 112, 144destination addresses, 97, 562Destination host number field, 380destination MAC addresses, 629Destination Network field, 175Destination network number field, 368, 380Destination Node field, 175, 317Destination Socket field, 175

Destination Socket field


972

Destination socket number field, 380destination subnetwork number field, 368destination-ip mode, 715detect state, 120detections, parallel, 94devices

adding and importing information, Essentials, 756–757

checking status, AtmDirector, 803data communications equipment (DCE), serial

clock transmit external (SCTE) terminal timing, 413

deleting, 791displaying, CiscoView, 814–815flow control, 264–265identifying problems, Dashboard Monitor, 815none in Chooser, 243red Xs, 790SwitchProbe, 808–810unknown, OID as name, 793

dialer interface configurations, 487dialer interfaces, 476, 488dialer isdn speed command, Link Control Protocol

(LCP) failures, 536dialer lists, access list misconfigurations, 187dialer map command

incoming calls, ISDN lines, 509Link Control Protocol (LCP) failures, 536misconfigurations, 516–517

dialer maps, 484, 486, 525dialer operation, verifying for outbound calls,

523–524dialer pools, 487–488dialer profiles, 486–487, 489, 525dialer-group command, 477, 479dialer-list command, 477–479, 524dialerpool X command, misconfigured dialer

profiles, 525dialin connections

sending and receiving data, 263–264slow performance, 264–265

dialing modems, incoming calls, 517dial-on-demand routing (DDR), 476–485, 487, 489

physical interface configurations, 499–500dial-string, isdn-subaddress field, 486dial-string field, show running-config command, 517

dialup connections, 453dial-on-demand routing (DDR), 476–489Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

operations, 467–476modems, 454–457Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), 489–503rotary groups, 457–466

diameter issues, Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) failures, 723

differentiated services (DiffServ), 143DiffServ (differentiated services), 143Digital, Spanning-Tree Algorithm (STA), 577Digital Equipment Corporation, 91, 315, 543Digital Impairment Learning (DIL), trainup

failures, 512digital modems, call pickups, 511digital multimeters, 18Digital Network Architecture (DNA), 315–316DIL (Digital Impairment Learning), trainup failures,

512directed broadcasts, 381directed multicasts, 381directed state, 120Director, CiscoSecure Intrusion Detection System

(IDS) (NetRanger), 825, 828directories

checking after installing Essentials, 746–748router images in wrong location, TFTP

servers, 52disabled modem control, servers and routers,

521–523disabling

debug commands, 13debugs, debug cas command, 531discovery, 791logging, 448logging, console terminals, 13PAgP mode, 694ports, 665, 699, 725trunking, 695unneeded features, Spanning-Tree Protocol

(STP) failures, 728discard eligibility (DE) bits, 546discarded cells, 618–620disconnect command, DCD configurations, 521disconnected networks, router boot failures in TFTP

servers, 51

Destination socket number field


973

discovery, 789–793discrepancy reports, displaying, 793–795DISCs field, 565disks, generating core dumps, 874DISL (Dynamic ISL) protocol, 686dispersion, modal, 106display servers command

dropped SAP updates from hub router output queue, 208

processing SAP updates, 196, 207, 209displaying

data from scans, NetSonar, 822devices, CiscoView, 814–815discrepancy reports, 793–795IOS version and configuration, 690–691port status, 695PortFast status, 703Process Failures, Essentials, 744processor types, show version command, 880registered NBP names, 238serial interface information, 423–424

distance command, 357–358distribute-list statements, troubleshooting RIP

configurations, 312DLCI (data link connection identifier), 545–548

assignments to wrong subinterfaces, 553–554inactive or deleted, 552, 554

DLCI assignments, misconfigurations of Frame Relay protocol, 184

dlci value, 376DLSw.

See

data-link switchingDLY field, 100, 116, 134, 426DNA.

See

Digital Network ArchitectureDNIC (data network identification codes), 562DNS (Domain Name Server), connectivity

problems, 168–169DNS (Domain Name System), Transmission Control

Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), 150DoD.

See

U.S. Department of DefenseDomain Name Servers (DNSs), connectivity

problems, 168–169Domain Name System (DNS), Transmission Control

Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), 150domains, 342

bridging, misconfigurations, 589collission, 92

connectivity, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP), 158

Virtual Trunking Protocol (VTP), MLS-RP and MLS-SE components, 714–715

domain-specific part (DSP), 342down/down state, interfaces, 620–621downloading, PIX 515 images from TFTP servers,

846, 848dragging ports, VLANs, 796dropped service connections, 249–250drops

input, serial links, 399–400output, serial links, 398–399

drops field, 121, 426drops input queue field, 426DS field, 143DS0s, modems, 465DSU

hardware problems, serial lines, 404misconfigurations, clocking, 415

DSU, hardware problems, serial lines, 405DTE (data terminal equipment), 543–546, 559, 561DTE Speed test, Agent Test, 812DTP (Dynamic Trunking Protocol), 655–658, 686DTRs, sensing in modems, 522dual homing, fault tolerance, 111dual rings, fault tolerance, 109dual-attachment stations (DASs), 107duplex, ports, 695duplex mismatches, 589, 647, 726duplex negotiation, EtherChannel, 686duplexes, mismatches, 637duplicate addresses, 366duplicate Internet Protocol (IP) addresses,

connectivity problems, 160duplicate Media Access Control (MAC) addresses,

Token Ring networks, 131duplicate numbers, AppleTalk networks, 236, 244duplicating debug command output and system error

messages, 13dynamic address assignments, 366Dynamic ISL (DISL) protocol, 686Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP), 655–658, 686dynamic value, 373

dynamic value


974

E

E frame, 470E0 hex value, 530E1 circuits, troubleshooting, 440–450E4 hex value, 530EA (extended address) bits, 546Echo Protocol, 382ECM is... field, 119editing

addresses, MLS-RP component, 713configurations, routers, 709domain names, Virtual Trunking Protocol

(VTP), 715isdn switchtypes and pri-groups, 447linecoding, 446zone names, AppleTalk networks, 233

EEC (European Economic Council), 113Ethernet, 100ELANs, split, 598–599electromagnetic interference (EMI), 113electrostatic discharge (ESD), 44, 638e-mail, submitting information to Technical

Assistance Center (TAC), 943EMI (electromagnetic interference), 113empty boxes with red Xs, devices, 790empty zone lists, 264enable command, 13enable password command, 853Enabled LED, 309enabler packets, 708enabling

Connectionless Network Services (CLNS) protocol, 336

debugs, debug cas command, 531DECnet protocol, 325, 328, 336IPX RIP protocol on networks with connected

Novell servers, 198modem control, access servers and routers, 456Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol (MLP), 494PortFast, 700–701PortFast, ports, 693–694ports, 692–693trace and debug commands, 782Virtual Trunking Protocol (VTP), 715VTP, 795

Xerox Network Systems (XNS) protocols on routers, 383

encapsulationmismatches, 388–389, 552, 554packets, 227

encapsulation commandencapsulation mismatches, 184troubleshooting encapsulation mismatches, 388

Encapsulation Failed fieldtroubleshooting DECnet traffic, 337

Encapsulation field, 100, 117, 134, 426encapsulation frame-relay command, encapsulation

mismatches, 552, 554encapsulation mismatches, 184, 281encapsulation ppp command, 439

troubleshooting PRIs, 450verifying configurations, signaling


encoding, 113encryption, passwords, 861End delimiter field, 112end delimiters, 129end nodes, 317

designated routers, troubleshooting, 329–331finding routers, troubleshooting, 328–329mismatches, troubleshooting, 326, 329troubleshooting, 322–325

end stations, 683end systems (ESs), 276, 342, 346–347, 350–353,

611, 763–764end-station startup connectivity problems, 682–706Enhanced IGRP routers, active and passive

modes, 205enterprises, 612entries

le-arp, ATM signaling, 599routing tables

NSAP addresses, 344Routing Table Maintenance Protocol

(RTMP), 224Routing Table Protocol (RTP), 368

EP (Error Protocol), 382EPROM

incorrect size settings, 59timeouts, 62

equalization, 113

E frame


975

equipment, customer premises (CPE), 507erasing devices, 791errDisable state, causes of, 636errdisable state, ports, 674, 678–679error events

E1 lines, 445T1 lines, 434–436

error files, debugging applications in CiscoSecure Intrusion Detection System (IDS) (NetRanger), 824–835

error messagesEssentials, 760–761installing Essentials, 748–755port unreachable, 15Process Failures, 764–779SNMP, interpreting, 816time exceeded, 15Too many moves, 716–717

Error Protocol (EP), 382error reporting, Internet Protocol (IP), 147errors

address mapping, 374–377, 388addressing, RISC processors, 881application, Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP)

failures, 723bus, 880configuration, EtherChannel, 674–681input, 614

packet losses, 615serial lines, 400–403

insufficient resource, 324link, 589load module, undefined, 59mapping, addresses, 184parity, 882PortFast configuration, Spanning-Tree Protocol

(STP) failures, 722ports, 589resource, Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP)

failures, 722, 727–728serial, X.25 links, 569–570vector, booting routers from Flash memory,

47–48ES (end systems), 276, 342, 346–347, 350–353, 611,

763–764ESD (electrostatic discharge), 44, 638ESF (Extended Superframe Format) framing, 412

ES-IS protocol, 347, 350–353Essentials

adding and importing device information, 756–757

checking files and directories after installation, 746–748

Daemon Manager, 757–758error messages, 760–761gathering server information, 757installation error messages, 748–753, 755logging in after upgrading, 745setting up browsers, 756troubleshooting tools, 743–745

Essentials servers, accessing, 755EtherChannel, 631

configuring switch-to-switch connections, Catalyst switches, 658–682

misconfigurations, 636Ethernet, 91

autonegotiation, 639–640, 642–650connectivity problems, 159frame bridging, 293media problems, 97–103vs. IEEE 802.3, 91–97

Ethernet encapsulation methods, mismatches, 181Ethernet links, speed, 792ethernet-transit-oui command, vendor code

mismatches, 291EtherTalk, 221European Economic Council (EEC), 113European Postal Telephone and Telegraph

organizations, 559Event Channel, 781Event Logging Facility (EVL), 324EventChannel, lost connections, 783events

DECnet, configuring nodes for logging, 322–325

errorE1 lines, 445T1 lines, 434–436

Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP), logging, 725EVL.

See

Event Logging Facilityexactly once (XO) transactions, 228exceeding hop counts, 276–277, 282exception core-file command, 874exception flash command, 875

exception flash command


976

exception memory command, generating core dumps, 875

exception notification packets, 370exceptions, SegV, 880exchanging hello packets, 329, 587exclamation point (!), 153exec command

DCD configurations, 521line configurations, no exec command, 517

exec functions, incorrect and corrupted images, 46–47

explorer traffic, 281, 284explorers, spanning, 277–278extended address (EA) bits, 546extended ping tests, 409–411Extended Superframe Format (ESF) framing, 412extensions

global addressing (optional), 545Local Management Interface (LMI), 544–545multicasting (optional), 545simple flow control (optional), 545virtual circuit status messages (common), 545

exterior routers, routing information, 227external modems, debugging, 510external users, accessing internal systems through

PIX Firewall, 841–842

F

F bit, 470Failed Dial field, show modem command, 463Failed to run state, 744failures

authentication, Point-to-Point (PPP) protocol, 536

autonegotiation, 94bridges, 579chat scripts, 526–527communication, 284–285connections, 354, 566–569, 620–621hosts, 322–323, 325–328initializing AppleTalk, interfaces, 251–252LAN Emulation Client (LEC), 595–600Link Control Protocol (LCP), 535logging in to AniServer, 758, 760network booting, 55–59

networks, problem-solving model, 5–7, 9Process, 744, 762–779relay links, 551–553router interfaces, 181routers

booting from Flash memory, 44–50booting from other routers, 54–55booting from TFTP servers, 51–53hangs after ROM monitor initializes,

59–60stuck in ROM monitor mode, 60–61

sending keepalives, 552sessions, routers running serial tunnel (STUN),

304–308Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP), 719, 721–729switches, 638trainup, 512

failures parameter, 418FAQ (frequently asked questions), 941Fast EtherChannel.

See

EtherChannelfast link pulses, 94fault tolerance

Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), 109Token Ring networks, 128

fault-tolerant booting, routers, 27–28FCC (Federal Communications Commission),

113, 559FCS (frame check sequence), 270FCS (frame check sequence) field, 112, 130, 564FDDI.

See

Fiber Distributed Data InterfaceFddi is {up | down | administratively down}

field, 116FDDITalk, 221, 260–261FDX field, 117FECN (forward explicit congestion

notification), 546Federal Communications Commission (FCC),

113, 559feedback loops, redistributing, 358–359FELR inactive field, 428FEP, 300–301fiber cables, 635Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), 105–123fiber-optic cables, testing equipment, 18

exception memory command, generating core dumps


977

fields, 116–123, 428--- is..., 120(no memory), 418{Single ring | multiring node}, 1345 minute input rate, 1225 minute output rate, 122abort, 427Aborted transmission (abort), input errors in

serial lines, 403Access Control Failed, troubleshooting DECnet

traffic, 337Address, 269, 562, 564address, 130alarm indications, 428ARP type, 117, 134beacons, 123BER inactive, 428broadcast, 122broadcasts, 135BW, 116, 134, 425bytes, 122–123, 426bytes input, 135bytes output, 136, 428carrier transitions, 427cause code, ISDN connection failures, 528CFM is..., 120Checksum, 368, 380claims, 123cmt signal bits, 118collisions, 123, 136, 428Configured tvx, 121Control, 269, 564Controller type, 369Converted, troubleshooting DECnet traffic, 337CRC, 122, 136, 427CRC errors (CRC), input errors in serial lines,

401–402Data, 112, 144, 564data, Ethernet and IEEE 802.3, 97DECnet Phase IV routing protocol, 317Destination Address, 112, 144destination and source address, Ethernet and

IEEE 802.3, 97Destination host number, 380Destination Network, 175Destination network number, 368, 380Destination Node, 175, 317

Destination Socket, 175Destination socket number, 380destination subnetwork number, 368DISCs, 565DLY, 116, 134, 426domain-specific part (DSP).

See

domain-specific part

drops, 121, 426drops input queue, 426DS, 143ECM is..., 119Encapsulation, 117, 134, 426Encapsulation Failed, troubleshooting DECnet

traffic, 337End delimiter, 112FCS, 564Fddi is {up | down | administratively

down}, 116FDX, 117FELR inactive, 428Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)

frames, 112Five minute input rate, 135Five minute output rate, 135Flag, 564Flags, 144, 545flowcontrol hardware command, 515Forwarded, troubleshooting DECnet traffic, 337frame, 122, 136, 427Frame check sequence (FCS), 112, 130Frame control, 112Frame status, 112Framing errors (frame), input errors in serial

lines, 402FRMRs, 565Giants, 122, 135, 427Group Address, 134Hardware, 116, 134Hardware is, 425Header Checksum (HEC), 144, 614Identification, 144ignored, 123, 136, 427Information, embedded MAC addreses,

292–293initial domain part (IDP), 342input errors, 427

fields


978

input queue, 121, 135interface resets, 123, 136, 428Internet address, 116, 134Internet address is, 425Internet Protocol (IP) packets, 143IP Header Length (IHL), 143keepalive, 117, 134, 426LAPB frames, 564largest free, 163Last clearing, 121, 135Last input, 121, 134, 426Last output, 134, 426Length, 380length, Ethernet and IEEE 802.3, 97LER, 121line protocol is {up | down | administratively

down}, 134line protocol is {up | down}, 116, 425load, 117, 134, 426loopback, 117, 134, 426Machine type, 369Message Type, 547Modem Hardware State, show line

command, 459MTU, 116, 134, 425negotiated, 121neighbor, 118NELR inactive, 428no buffer, 122, 135, 427No Route, troubleshooting DECnet traffic, 337Node type, 369nodes traversed, 317NSAP addresses, 342Operation type, 369Options, 144output, 121output buffer failures, 123output buffers swapped out, 123output errors, 123, 136, 428output hang, 121, 135, 426Output queue, 121, 426Output queue, drops, 135overrun, 122, 136, 427Packet length, 368Packet type, 175, 380

packets input, 122, 135, 426packets output, 123, 136, 428packets, Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX)

protocol, 175–176Phy- {A | B}, 117Preamble, 112priority, Token Ring networks, 128Protocol, 144Protocol type, 368Queueing strategy, 121Received, troubleshooting DECnet traffic, 337Received...broadcasts, 427REJs, 565rely, 117, 134, 426remote alarms, 428reservation, Token Ring networks, 128RESTARTs, 565restarts, 123, 136, 428Returned, troubleshooting DECnet traffic, 337ring operational, 121Ring speed, 134RNRs, 565Route Descriptor, 273Routing Control, 273routing flags, 317routing information (RIF), 272–273, 276, 284Routing Table Protocol (RTP), 369runts, 122, 135, 427rx LOS, 428SABMs, 565Serial...is {up | down}...is administratively

down, 425show interfaces ethernet command, 100–103show interfaces fddi command, 116–123show interfaces serial command, 425–428, 565show interfaces tokenring command, 133–136show modem call-stats command, 463show modem command, 463show-running-config command, 516Source Address, 112, 144Source host number, 380Source network number, 368, 380source node, 317Source socket number, 380source subnetwork number, 368speed line command, 514, 519–520Start delimiter, 112

fields


979

status, 118–119successful Agent Test, 811successful Switch Agent Test, 813Time-to-Live, 144Token Ring is {up | down}, 133Token Ring is Administratively Down, 134Token Ring is Initializing, 133Token Ring is Reset, 133token rotation, 120TOS, 143Total Length, 144traces, 123transitions, 123, 136Transport control, 175, 368, 380Transport Control Protocol (TCP) packets, 149type, Ethernet and IEEE 802.3, 97Type-of-Service, 143underruns, 123, 136, 428Upper-Layer Data, 176Upstream | downstream neighbor, 121Version, 143VINES Internetwork Protocol (VIP), 368

See also

subfieldsfile permissions, router system images, 52File Transfer Protocol (FTP), 150

connectivity problems, 166–167generating core dumps, 874submitting information to Technical Assistance

Center (TAC), 943filename mismatches, 59filenames, TFTP servers, 53files

checking after installing Essentials, 746–748cvinstall.cshrc and cvinstall.sh, system

performance, 814error

debugging applications, CiscoSecure Intrusion Detection System (IDS) (NetRanger), 824–835

transfer problems, CiscoSecure Intrusion Detection System (IDS) (NetRanger), 833, 835

Filing Protocol, 382filtering, 58, 629

filtersbridging, misconfigurations, 585misconfigurations, 198–199

AppleTalk, 237, 240, 243SAP, 201–202networks, 192

firewalls, 821, 835–844first-network value, 334Five minute input rate field, 135Five minute input rate, Five minute output rate

field, 101Five minute output rate field, 135Flag field, 564Flags field, 144, 149, 545flapping

link, 586routes, 205, 240–241, 244–246, 249–250, 259

Flash disks, generating core dumps, 874Flash memory

booting routers from, 44–45, 47–50incomplete images, 54incorrect images, 55

floating static routes, 481–482flooding, 629flow control, 264–265

hardware, 515–518terminal configurations, 63

flowcontrol hardware command, 264, 515, 518flowmasks, MLS-RP and MLS-SE components,

715–716flows, MLS, purges, 716FLUSH process, debug lane client packet

command, 608formats, 268, 270

binhex, submitting information to Technical Assistance Center (TAC), 943

framesEthernet and IEEE 802.3, 96–97Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI),

111–112Frame Relay, 545–546SRB algorithms, 272–273Token Ring networks, 128, 130transparent bridging, 579X.25 protocol, 561, 563–564

formats


980

messagesLocal Management Interface (LMI),

547, 549transparent bridging, 580

MIME, submitting information to Technical Assistance Center (TAC), 943

NSAP addresses, 343output, debug commands, 13packets

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), 369VINES Internetwork Protocol (VIP), 367

routing frames, DECnet protocol, 317token frames, 129zip, submitting information to Technical

Assistance Center (TAC), 943forward explicit congestion notification

(FECN), 546forward trans count, 727Forwarded field, troubleshooting DECnet

traffic, 337forwarding, 629

broadcast packets by routers, 385–386, 389broadcasts, 377SAPs over hub routers, Frame Relay

protocol, 185spanning explorers, 277–278traffic, bridges, 576

fox boxes, 18–19frame check sequence (FCS), 270frame check sequence (FCS) field, 112, 130, 564frame control bytes, 129Frame control field, 112Frame field, 427frame field, 102, 122, 136frame formats

Ethernet and IEEE 802.3, 96–97Frame Relay, 545–546transparent bridging, 579X.25 protocol, 561, 563–564

Frame Relay agents, testing, 810Frame Relay CDP links, discovery, 793Frame Relay protocol

characteristics ofconfigurations, 549implementing on networks, 549–550

Local Management Interface (LMI), 544–549

vs. X.25 protocol, 543–544forwarding SAPs, hub routers, 185Full Frame Relay broadcast queues, 185misconfigured DLCI assignments, 184misconfigured LMI types, 185troubleshooting, 551

failures in pinging remote routers, 554–557

failures in relay links, 551–553Frame status field, 112frame-relay broadcast-queue size byte-rate

packet-rate command, Full Frame Relay broadcast queue, 185

frame-relay keyword, 389frame-relay lmi-type {ansi | cisco} command

type mismatches, Local Management Interface (LMI), 552

frame-relay map command, address mapping errors, 374–377

frame-relay map commands, missing, 555frame-relay map interface-dlci command, DLCI

(data link connection identifier) assignments to wrong subinterfaces, 553

frame-relay map ipx command, address mapping errors, 184

frame-relay map statements, broadcast keywords, 556

frame-relay map xns command, troubleshooting address mapping errors, 388

framesAAL5, segmentation and reassembly, 613bridging, troubleshooting, 293command, 128–129data, 128–129formats, 268, 270

Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), 111–112

SRB algorithms, 272–273Token Ring networks, 128, 130

Information (I), 269, 563–564ISDN physical layer, bits, 470large, transferring, 293Link Access Procedure, Balanced (LAPB),

561–564

formats


981

lostE1 lines, 442receivers, 430

retransmission, Ethernet, 93routing, DECnet protocol, 317runt, Ethernet, 98SDLc protocol, 268, 270SNRM, 305–307Supervisory (S), 269, 564test, 300–301token, formats, 129transporting over WAN backbones, 611–612

connectivity problems, 618–621mapping between destination addresses


frames, 613–616traffic shaping and policing, 616–617troubleshooting commands, 622–624variable bit rate, non-real time

(VBR-NRT), 617–618Unnumbered (U), 270, 564XID, 302–307

framingD4, 413Extended Superframe Format (ESF), 412Superframe Format (SF), 413

framing {SF | ESF} commandincreasing framing loss seconds counter, 435lost frames, receivers, 430

Framing errors (frame) field, input errors in serial lines, 402

framing loss seconds counter, 435, 446frequently asked questions (FAQs), CCO, 941FRMRs field, 565FTP (File Transfer Protocol), 150

connectivity problems, 166–167generating core dumps, 874

Full Frame Relay broadcast queues, Frame Relay protocol, 185

full-duplex autonegotiation, Ethernet, 639–650full-duplex mode, 91, 94full-flow-ip mode, 715fully connected tunnels, 227

G

gatewaysdefault

HSRP problems, 599none on workstations, 557

missing or misconfigured default specifications, 52, 346

See also routersGBICs, 636general format identifiers (GFIs), 562genErr error message, SNMP, 816gets, 167GFI (general format identifiers), 562giants field, 102, 122, 135, 427Gigabit EtherChannel, 658. See also EtherChannelgigabit links, 636global addressing, Frame Relay, 547–548global addressing (optional) extension, 545global broadcasts, 381global configurations, mls rp ip statements, 712global multicasts, 381grid component, NetSonar, 822Group Address field, 134groups

CASincoming calls, 509–510outbound calls, 530

port, identifying, 664rotary

dialup connections, 457–466setting up, 455

stack, 496

H

H return code, 154half-duplex autonegotiation, Ethernet, 639–650half-duplex mode, 91, 94hangs

connections, "Communicating At..." message, 262–263

routers, after ROM monitors initialize, 59–60Hangup DTR command, sensing DTRs in

modems, 522hard-coding, port speed, 645

hard-coding, port speed


982

hardwarefailures, frame relay links, 551flow control, 515–518troubleshooting, 309, 335, 356, 371

hardware buffers, 416hardware configuration register jumper, 860Hardware field, 100, 116, 134hardware field, flowcontrol hardware command, 515Hardware is field, 425hardware loopback plug test, PRIs, 439–440hardware problems, 25–26

AppleTalk, 258, 262booting routers, 26–29Catalyst 2900 series LAN switch, 42–43Catalyst 4000 switches, startup, 86–88Catalyst 5000 series LAN switch, 40–42Catalyst 6000 switch startup, 63–80Cisco 2500 series routers, 38–39Cisco 4000 series routers, 36–37Cisco 7000 series routers, 32–35Cisco 7500 series routers, 29–32client connections to servers, 179, 183local timeouts, booting from ROM, 62network booting

client ARPs request timeouts, 57–58invalid routes, 56–57timeouts and out-of-order packets, 55–56undefined load module errors, 59

routersbooting from another router, 54–55booting from Flash memory, 44–50booting from TFTP servers, 51–53Cisco 2600, recovering from corrupted

and missing ios images, 80–81, 83Cisco 3600, recovering from corrupted

and missing ios images, 84–86hangs after ROM monitors initialize,

59–60stuck in active mode, 204stuck in ROM monitor mode, 60–61

scrambled output, booting from ROM, 61serial lines, 404testing and verifying replacement parts, 44transparent bridging, 584unresponsive terminal connections,

unconfigured access servers, 62–63Hardware/Software Compatibility Matrix, 942

hardware-options value, 377hdlc keyword, 389HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control)

protocol, 268HDLC links, CSU/DSU loopback tests, 421–423Header Checksum field (HEC), 144, 614headers, fields in DECnet Phase IV routing

protocol, 317HEC (Header Checksum) field, 144, 614hello exchanges, transparent bridging, 587hello packets, exchanging, 329hello timer mismatches, 200High Capacity Monitoring field, Agent Test, 811High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC)

protocol, 268hits parameter, 418HLS state, 119hold queue limits, implementing, 418hold-queue command, 418hold-queue number in command, input drops in

serial links, 400hold-queue number out command, input drops in

serial links, 400hold-queue out command


output drops, 399hold-time timer mismatches, 200homing, dual, 111hops

actual vs. configured, 326exceeding counts, 276–277, 282

horizons, split, 227, 557host numbers vs. IEEE 802 addresses, 381host value, 386hostDrop field, show modem call-stats

command, 463hostname field, show dialer map command, 486hosts, 311–312

access to hosts, 349–351, 354access to networks, 346–348accessing remote networks, 310–311addressing problems between Channel Interface

Processors (CIPs) and, 310Channel Interface Processor (CIP), coming

online to, 309CHPIDs offline to, 309

hardware


983

configurations, troubleshooting, 354connection rejections, 323connectivity to clients, 299–303connectivity to servers, 274–284down, transparent bridging, 584failures, 322–328misconfigurations, 312pings to and from, 310scanning, NetSonar, 822

HSRP, default gateway problems, 599HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), 150, 166hub go-ahead configuration, 268hub routers

dropped SAP updates from output queue, 208forwarding SAPs, Frame Relay protocol, 185

hubs, 627–628, 685hung sessions, modems, 456Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), 150, 166

I

I (Information) frames, 269, 563–564IBM-based networks

connectivity and performance problems, bridging and routing, 274–312

SDLC protocol, 267–270, 293–308SRB algorithm, 271–273Token Ring, 125

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol), 14, 147–148

ICP (Internet Control Protocol), 370Identification field, 144identifiers

data link connection (DLCI), 545–548assignments to wrong subinterfaces,

553–554inactive or deleted, 552, 554

root, 579idle state, 117, 459IDN (international data numbers), 562IDP (initial domain part), 342IDP (Internet Datagram Protocol), 379IEEE 802 addresses vs. host numbers, 381IEEE 802.3 vs. Ethernet, 91–97IEEE 802.5 networks.

See

Token Ring networksIEs, 547

ignored field, 102, 123, 136, 427IHL (IP Header Length) field, 143ILMI, address registration for LAN Emulation

Client (LEC), 601ILS state, 119images

boot, recovering Catalyst 6000 switches, 64, 66, 68–73

Catalyst IOS, loading, 74–76Catalyst OS, loading, 76–78, 80compressed system, router boot failures in Flash

memory, 47–48incomplete, Flash memory, 54incorrect and corrupted, router boot failures in

Flash memory, 45–47incorrect, Flash memory, 55ios, recovering routers, 80–81, 83–86PIX 515, downloading over TFTP servers,

846, 848router in wrong directory, TFTP servers, 52router system, incorrect file persmissions for

TFTP servers, 52system, none in Flash memory, 49

IMAP protocol, connectivity problems, 167implementing hold queue limits, 418importing device information, Essentials, 756–757in free list parameter, 417in keyword, flowcontrol hardware command, 515in state, 119Incoming and Outgoing Calls field, show modem

command, 463incoming calls, ISDN lines, 508–509, 511–513,

515–518, 520–521, 523incomplete ARP tables, 279incomplete images, Flash memory, 54incorrect cabling, modems, 457, 522incorrect commands, tftp-server, 54incorrect configuration register settings, 60–61incorrect definitions, interesting traffic, 524incorrect file permissions, router system images, 52incorrect filenames, TFTP servers, 53incorrect images, router boot failures in Flash

memory, 45–47incorrect images, Flash memory, 55incorrect routing, outbound calls, 525incorrect size settings, EPROM, 59incremental updates, SAP, 202, 207

incremental updates, SAP


984

Information (I) frames, 269, 563–564Information column, Process Failures table, 744Information field, embedded MAC addresses,

292–293initial domain part (IDP), 342initializing

AppleTalk, interface failures, 251–252ROM monitors, routers hang after, 59–60

input drops, serial links, 399–400input error field, 102input errors, 614

packet losses, 615serial lines, 400–403

input errors field, 427input packets with dribble condition detected

field, 102Input queue, 338

drops field, 135full, 585

input queue field, 121insert state, 119installing

CiscoWorks 2000, 742–760CWSI Campus, workstations, 786Essentials

error messages, 748–755verifying files and directories after,

746–748insufficient resource errors, 324integrated modems, call pickups, 511Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

protocol, 544client connections to servers, 186–187connections, 507

incoming calls, 508–523outbound calls, 523–532Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), 532–539

operations, 467–476integrity link, Ethernet, 98Intel Corporation, 91interesting packets, 477–484interesting traffic definitions, missing and

incorrect, 524Interet Protocol (IP) addresses, changing with MLS-

RP component, 713interface configurations, 498, 712interface counter command, media problems, 180

interface error messages, 761Interface Number field, Agent Test, 811interface resets field, 103, 123, 136, 428interface status line, states, 394–398interface subsystem problems

Catalyst 2900 LAN switches, 43Catalyst 5000 LAN switches, 42

interface traffic, input errors in serial lines, 400–401Interface Type field, Agent Test, 811ip unnumbered command, 539interfaces

administratively down, 524AppleTalk, 258AppleTalk discovery mode, 233–234AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP not enabled on,

255–256AppleTalk routing not enabled on, 262attachment unit (AUI), 96clearing counters, 440configuring, outbound calling, 484–486Copper Distributed Data (CDDI), 113Dialer, 476, 487–488down/down state, 620–621failures to initialize AppleTalk, 251–252Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)

connections, 107fault tolerance, 109frame formats, 111–112specifications, 106traffic, 108troubleshooting, 105–123

forcing up, AppleTalk, 234–235incorrect assignments to, 553–554IPX RIP and IPX Enhanced IGRP enabled on

same, 210ISO-IGRP process configurations, 359Local Management (LMI), 543

extensions, 544–545message formats, 547, 549type mismatches, 552

missing ipx network commands, 198networks, Cisco 2500 routers, 39overloads, 726physical

configurations, 499–500dialer pools, 488

Information (I) frames


985

resets, serial links, 404router

failures, 181troubleshooting, 371, 383

routers stuck in active mode, 204running RTMP and AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP

simultaneously, 257serial, displaying information, 423–424standby mode, 524up/up, 480–481verifying addresses, Network Control Protocol

(NCP), 539verifying protocol configurations, Network

Control Protocol, 538verifying states, outbound calls, 524virtual access, configurations, 500, 502virtual template, 501

intermediate routers, 58intermediate systems (IS), 342, 611intermittent connections between clients and servers,

205–209intermittent connectivity, SDLC protocol, 298–303internal boundaries, NSAP addresses, 345international data numbers (IDNs), 562International Organization for Standardization

(ISO), 105Connectionless Network Service (CLNS)

protocol, 336–337, 341–360High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC)

protocol, 268International Telecommunications Union (ITU), 559International Telecommunication Union

Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T), 543, 559

Internet, transparent bridging resources for Web addresses, 590

Internet address field, 100, 116, 134Internet address is field, 425Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), 14,

147–148Internet Control Protocol (ICP), 370Internet Datagram Protocol (IDP), 379Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) protocol, access list

numbering, 478

Internet Protocol (IP), 141, 379access list numbering, 478addresses

checking, 440connectivity problems, 160

connectivity and routing problems, 162–164fields, 143Multilayer Switching (MLS), 706–718network problems, 260routes, missing or misconfigured, 311

Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) protocol, 379access list numbering, 478application connections to servers, 186–189client connections to servers, 178–187intermittent connectivity, 205–209IPX Enhanced IGRP router connections,

196–199media access, 174NetWare, 173–174Network layer, 175, 177RIP router connections, 189–193routers not establishing neighbors, 199–200routers stuck in active mode, 203–205SAP packet propagation, 193–196, 201–203slow network performance, 209–210Transport layer, 177–178unverified SAPs, 211–217

Internetwork Performance Monitor (IPM), 15–17interpreting

error messages, SNMP, 816Switch Agent Test messages, 812–813Test Agent messages, 811–812

interruptions, serial lines, 405Inter-Switch Link (ISL) trunks, Catalyst switches,

650, 652–658intraLAN bit, 317invalid routes, network booting, 56–57inverting transmit clocks, 415IOS

building dialing maps, 485displaying versions and configurations,

690–691old releases, 309

ios images, recovering routers, 80–86ip access-group command, verifying access control

lists (ACLs), 164

ip access-group command, verifying access control lists (ACLs)


986

IP Address fieldAgent Test, 811Switch Agent Test, 813

ip classless command, router connectivity, 163IP Header Length (IHL) field, 143IP helper addresses, missing and misconfigured in

intermediate routers, 58ip unnumbered command, incorrect routing of

outbound calls, 525IP.

See

Internet ProtocolIPM (Internetwork Performance Monitor), 15–17IPv4 (IP version 4), 141IPv6, 141IPX.

See

Internetwork Packet Exchange protocolIPX protocol.

See

Internetwork Packet Exchange protocol

IPX Enhanced IGRP protocol, 197IPX Enhanced IGRP routers, blocked connections,

196–199IPX Enhanced protocols, enabled on same interface

with IPX RIP protocol, 210ipx hello-interval eigrp command, hello and hold-

time timer mismatches, 200ipx helper-address command, missing, 188–189ipx hold-time eigrp command, hello and hold-time

timer mismatches, 200ipx input-network-filter command, misconfigured

filters, 192, 198ipx input-sap-filter command


misconfigured SAP filters, 201SAP filter misconfigurations, 194

ipx network commandmisconfigured IPX Enhanced IGRP

protocol, 197missing, 190–191, 198

ipx network network encapsulation command, mismatches in Ethernet encapsulation methods, 181

ipx output-network-filter command, misconfigured filters, 192, 198

ipx output-sap-delay command, processing SAP updates, 196, 207, 209

ipx output-sap-filter commanddropped SAP updates from hub router output

queue, 208

misconfigured SAP filters, 201SAP filter misconfigurations, 194

IPX RIP protocolenabled on same interface with IPX Enhanced

protocol, 210enabling on networks with connected Novell

servers, 198IPX RIP routing, router misconfigurations, 189ipx route command, missing and misconfigured RIP

and SAP statements, 187ipx router command, route redistributions, 193ipx router eigrp command

IPX RIP and IPX Enhanced IGRP protocols enabled on same interface, 210

misconfigured IPX Enhanced IGRP protocol, 197

routers in different autonomous systems, 200ipx router rip command, IPX RIP and IPX Enhanced

IGRP protocols enabled on same interface, 210ipx router-sap-filter command, dropped SAP updates

from hub router output queue, 208ipx routing command

duplicate node numbers, routers, 182misconfigured IPX Enhanced IGRP

protocol, 197misconfigured IPX RIP routing, 189propagating RIP updates, 191

ipx sap command, missing and misconfigured RIP and SAP statements, 187

ipx sap-incremental eigrp commandperiodic SAP updates using excessive

bandwidth, 210sending SAP updates, 202, 207

ipx sap-interval commandoutput drops, serial links, 398SAP timer mismatches, 194, 206

ipx type-20-propagation command, missing, 187–188

ipx update-time command, RIP timer mismatches, 191, 206

IS (intermediate systems), 342, 611is administratively down field, 100ISDN.

See

Integrated Services Digital Network) protocol

isdn incoming-voice modem command, digital modem call pickups, 511

IP Address field


987

isdn switchtype command, SABME messages, 439isdn switchtypes, verifying configurations, 436, 447IS-IS NSAP address, 342, 344–345ISL (Inter-Switch Link) trunks, Catalyst switches,

650–658ISO.

See

International Organization for Standardization

ISO-IGRP NSAP address, 342–345ISO-IGRP processes

troubleshooting configurations, 359isolated networks, router boot failures in TFTP

servers, 51isolated state, 120isolating clocking problems, 414ITU (International Telecommunications Union), 559ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union

Telecommunication Standardization Sector), 543, 559

J–Kjacks, RJ-48 pin numbers, 443jumpers, hardware configuration register, 860

keepalive field, 101, 117, 134, 426keepalive seconds command, failures in sending

keepalives, 552keepalives, 547, 552Kermit protocol, submitting information to

Assistance Center (TAC), 943keys, pressing break during boot process, 61keywords

accounting, show interfaces ethernet command, 99

atm-dxi, 389broadcast

frame-relay map statements, 556misconfigurations, dialer map

commands, 516troubleshooting RIP configurations, 312

bstun, 389clns, 357–358deny, 357encapsulation command, 388frame-relay, 389hdlc, 389

in, flowcontrol hardware command, 515lapb, 389out, flowcontrol hardware command, 515permit, 357ppp, 389queue-limit, 420sdlc, 389sdlc-primary, 389sdlc-secondary, 389smds, 389

LL bit, 470LAN (local-area networks)

client connections to servers, 178–183Internet protocols, 142

LAN Emulation (LANE) networks, 593–600LAN Emulation ARP (LE_ARP), 598, 607–608LAN Emulation Client (LEC), 594

BUS addresses, 604–605configuring services, 797–801connections, 600failures, 595–600

LAN Emulation Configuration Server (LECS), 594connecting to, 601–602connection failures, 596–597

LAN Emulation Server (LES), 594, 597LAN switches, booting problems, 40–43LAN switching, 627–631

configuring EtherChannel switch-to-switch connections, Catalyst switches, 658–682

Ethernet autonegotiation, 639–640, 642–650fixing end-station startup connectivity

problems, 682–704, 706general troubleshooting suggestions, 632Inter-Switch Link (ISL) trunks, Catalyst

switches, 650, 652–658Multilayer Switching (MLS), 706–718port connectivity, 633–637, 639Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP), 658, 718–735

LANE (LAN Emulation) networks, 593–600lane server-atm-address command, connecting to

LAN Emulation Servers (LES), 597LANE servicesLAPB (Link Access Procedure, Balanced), 560

LAPB (Link Access Procedure, Balanced)


988

LAPB (Link Access Procedure, Balanced) frames, 561–564

lapb keyword, 389large frames, transferring, 293largest free field, 163Last clearing field, 101, 121, 135Last input field, 101, 121, 134, 426Last output field, 101, 134, 426late collisions, Ethernet, 98launching CWSI Campus, 784–787Layer 1

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), 470–471

X.25 protocol, 564Layer 2

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), 471–472

X.25 protocol, 563–564Layer 3

address mapping mismatches, peer routers, 621Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN),

472routing connectivity failures, 621X.25 protocol, 562–563

Layer 3 switching, Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP), 733–734

Layer 4, flowmasks, 716layers, 628

Data Link, 300, 307–308Link, 295–298Network

AppleTalk, 221–224Banyan Virtual Integrated Network

Service (VINES), 364–370DECnet protocol, 316–320Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX)

protocol, 175, 177Transmission Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol (TCP/IP), 143–144Xerox Network Systems (XNS) protocols,

379–381Physical, 293–294, 300, 307–308, 470–471Transport, 177

AppleTalk, 224–229Banyan Virtual Integrated Network

Service (VINES), 370DECnet protocol, 320

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), 148

Xerox Network Systems (XNS) protocols, 381

upperAppleTalk, 229Xerox Network Systems (XNS)

protocols, 382LBO (line build out), 430LCI (logical channel identifiers), 562LCP (Link Control Protocol), 490, 534–535LE_ARP (LAN Emulation ARP), 598, 607–608le-arp entries, ATM signaling, 599leaf nodes, 685learning, 629leave state, 119LEC. See LAN Emulation ClientLECS. See LAN Emulation Configuration ServerLED, Enabled, 309Length field, 97, 380Length subfield, 273lengths, address fields in Token Ring networks, 130LER field, 121LES (LAN Emulation Server), 594

connecting to, 602–603connection failures, 597

Level 0 protocol, 379Level 1 routers, 319Level 2 routers, 319, 352Level 4 protocols, 382licensing

CiscoSecure Scanner (NetSonar), 822for users, 179

lightning bolts, ports, 797lightning strikes, 405lights

link, 634status, switches, 639

line build out (LBO), 430line code violations, 435, 446line protocol is {up | down | administratively down}

field, 100, 134line protocol is {up | down} field, 116, 425linecards, memory maps for 12000 model, 884–885linecode {ami | b8zs} command, line code

violations, 435

LAPB (Link Access Procedure, Balanced) frames


989

linecode {ami | hdb3} command, changing linecoding, 446

linesautoselect enabled on, 517broken, restoring, 679–681configurations, no exec command, 517dashed, links appearing as, 789interface status states, show interfaces serial

command, 394–398serial

adjusting buffers, 416–420clocking problems, 412–415CSU/DSU loopback tests, 420–423debug commands, 408–409E1 circuit problems, 440–450extended ping tests, 409–411problems, AppleTalk, 262show controllers serial command,

405–406show interfaces serial command,

393–405, 423–428T1 circuit problems, 429–440

lines between routers, 253Link Access Procedure, Balanced (LAPB), 560Link Access Procedure, Balanced (LAPB) frames,

561–564Link Control Protocol (LCP), 534–535

PPP negotiation, 490link error rates, 121link errors, 589link flapping, 586link integrity

Ethernet, 98link lights, 634link problems

routers not establishing neighbors, 200SAP packet propagation, routers, 202–203

Link-layer, 295–298links

active, 111appearing as dashed lines, 789checking status, AtmDirector, 803down, 56Ethernet, speed, 792Frame Relay CDP, discovery, 793gigabit, 636

HDLC and PPP, CSU/DSU loopback tests, 421–423

passive, 111relay, failures, 551–553saturated, 56serial

carrier transitions counts, 404–405congestion, 404input drops, 399–400interface resets, 404output drops, 398–399troubleshooting, 280

undirectional, 589unidirectional, Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP)

failures, 721X.25

connection failures, 566–569serial errors, 569–570

LIPX problems, client connections to servers, 181listen rule, CSMA/CD, 92listing privileged exec commands, 13LMI. See Local Management Interfacelmi command, type mismatches in Local

Management Interface (LMI), 552LMI types, misconfigurations in Frame Relay

protocol, 185load field, 100, 117, 134, 426load module errors, undefined, 59loading

Catalyst IOS images, 74–76Catalyst OS images, 76–78, 80

local connectivity, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP), 159–160

Local Management Interface (LMI), 543extensions, 544–545message formats, 547, 549type mismatches, 552

local networks, host access, 346–348local timeouts, booting from ROM, 62local-ack command, SDLC timing problems, 299local-area networks (LANs)

client connections to servers, 178–183Internet protocols, 142

LocalTalk, 221Location field


Location field


990

lock DTE speed command, unlocked modem speed settings, 519–520

lock field, flowcontrol hardware command, 515locking modem speed, 514, 519, 521log message overloads, 437logging

DECnet events, configuring DECnet nodes, 322–325

disabling, 13, 448setting, spanning trees, 691–692Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) events, 725

logging buffer debug command, LAN Emulation Client (LEC) failures, 598

logging command, 939logging console command, troubleshooting

PRIs, 448logging console info command

LAN Emulation Client (LEC) failures, 598logging in

AniServer, 758, 760Essentials, 745

logging messages, AtmDirector, 801, 803logical channel identifiers (LCIs), 562logical maps, 632logical networks, Banyan Virtual Integrated

Network Service (VINES) protocol, 364logical units (LUs), 177logs, AtmDirector, 802loop configuration, 268loopback command, status line conditions for serial

lines, 397loopback field, 101, 117, 134, 426loopback mode

E1 lines, 443T1 lines, 431

loopback testsCSU/DSU, 420–423hardware, PRIs, 439–440

looping, transparent bridging, 588–589loops

bridgingidentifying, Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP)

failures, 724restoring connectivity, 724–725

physical, 685, 717redistribution feedback, troubleshooting,

358–359

Spanning-Tree Algorithm (STA), 577–578transparent bridging, 576–577

losses, packets, 615lost connections, EventChannel, 783lost frames

E1 lines, 442receivers, 430

lost signalsE1 lines, 442–443receivers, 431

loweringblocked ports, Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP),

731–734bottlenecks, priority queuing, 419–420startup delays, Catalyst switches, 686–689,

696–697, 701–703lports, disabling, 725LSU state, 118LUs (logical units), 177

MM state, 118MAC (Media Acceess Control), 106MAC addresses. See Media Access Control

addressesMachine type field, 369Macintosh, collecting data from routers, 939mail protocols, connectivity problems, 167mail servers, accessing externally through PIX

Firewall, 841–842maintenance, PIX firewalls, 844–869manual configurations, EtherChannel, 660–668map statements, bidirectional adjacencies of

nodes, 334mapping

addresseserrors in, 374–377, 388Ethernet-to-Token Ring,

misconfigurations, 289–291NetBIOS name caches, 285–287

mapsdialer, 484, 486, 525logical, 632

lock DTE speed command, unlocked modem speed settings


991

memory, 882–88312000 linecards, 884–88512000-GRP, 883–884AS5200, 922–925AS5300, 925–926AS5800, 926–931Catalyst 8540CSR, 886–889Cisco 1000, 1003/1004/1005, 932Cisco 1400, 921–922Cisco 1600, 920Cisco 1720, 920Cisco 2500, 919–920Cisco 2600, 919Cisco 3620, 916–917Cisco 3640, 917Cisco 3660, 918Cisco 4000, 914–915Cisco 4500 and 4500-M, 915–916Cisco 4700 and 4700-M, 915–916Cisco 6200, 912Cisco 6260, 913Cisco 6400-NRP, 901–910Cisco 6400-NSP, 910–911Cisco 7000 Series RP, 891–892Cisco 7100, 900–901Cisco 7200 Series NPE, 892, 894–900RSP, 889–890RSP4, 890system crashes, 879–880, 882VIP2, 932, 934

physical, 632spanning-tree, 632

map-tag balue, 356masks, subnet, 146MAU (media attachment unit), 96MAU. See multistation access unitsmax age expiry count, 727max allowed parameter, 417max parameter, 417Maximum Burst Size (MBS), 617maximum transmission unit. See MTU fieldMBS (Maximum Burst Size), 617media, 338, 356, 371

SRT bridging, 289, 293Token Ring networks, 130, 132, 134, 136

media accessAppleTalk, 221Banyan Virtual Integrated Network Service

(VINES) protocol, 364Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX)

protocol, 174Media Access Control (MAC), 106Media Access Control (MAC) addresses, 146

DECnet protocol, 319, 321destination, 629duplicates, Token Ring networks, 131protocols embedded with, troubleshooting

bridging, 292–293media attachment units (MAUs), 96media converters, 634media problems

client connections to servers, 180Ethernet, 97–103transparent bridging, 584

memory, Flash, 44–50, 54–55memory maps, 882–883

12000 linecards, 884–88512000-GRP, 883–884AS5200, 922–925AS5300, 925–926AS5800, 926–931Catalyst 8540CSR, 886–889Cisco 1000, 1003/1004/1005, 932Cisco 1400, 921–922Cisco 1600, 920Cisco 1720, 920Cisco 2500, 919–920Cisco 2600, 919Cisco 3620, 916–917Cisco 3640, 917Cisco 3660, 918Cisco 4000, 914–915Cisco 4500 and 4500-M, 915–916Cisco 4700 and 4700-M, 915–916Cisco 6200, 912Cisco 6260, 913Cisco 6400-NRP, 901–910Cisco 6400-NSP, 910–911Cisco 7000 Series RP, 891–892Cisco 7100, 900–901Cisco 7200 Series NPE, 892, 894–900RSP, 889–890

memory maps


992

RSP4, 890system crashes, 879–880, 882VIP2, 932, 934

mergers, addresses, 349–350message formats

Local Management Interface (LMI), 547, 549transparent bridging, 580

Message Type field, 547messages

"Communicating At...", connection hangs, 262–263

CLEAR REQUESTS, misconfigurations of protocol parameters, 567–568

configuration, 579debug, 437–438error

Essentials, 760–761installing Essentials, 748–755port unreachable, 15Process Failures, 764–779SNMP, interpreting, 816time exceeded, 15Too many moves, 716–717

keepalives, 547, 552logs

AtmDirector, 801, 803overloads, 437

Operator Communication Manager (OPCOM), 321

response, 492RESTART, misconfigurations in protocol

parameters, 567–568SABME, 438SETUP

debug isdn q931 command, 508LAN Emulation Clients (LECs), 596

status-enquiry, 547Switch Agent Test, interpreting, 812–813system error, copying, 13Test Agent, interpreting, 811–812

meters, volt-ohm, 18methods, Ethernet encapsulation mismatches, 181metric notification packets, 370metric values, 372migrations, addresses, 349–350MIME format, submitting information to Assistance

Center (TAC), 943

min parameter, 417MIPS addressing, 12000-GRP, 883misconfigurations

access lists, 187, 327, 354–355, 373–374, 384, 387, 554

active timer values, 204addresses, 336, 349AppleTalk access lists and filters, 237, 240, 243ATM mapping, 618AURP tunnels, 260boot system command, TFTP servers, 53bridging domains, 589bridging filters, 585clients and servers, 179commands, xns helper-address, 386–387configuration register, router boot failures in

Flash memory, 50configuration registers, 60–61CSU, clocking, 414default gateway specifications, 52, 346dialer map commands, 516–517dialer maps, 525dialer profiles, 525DLCI assignments, Frame Relay protocol, 184DSU, clocking, 415end nodes, 322–323end systems, 283EtherChannel, 636Ethernet-to-Token Ring address mapping,

289–291filters, 198–199flow control, 264–265hardware flow control, 518hosts, 312, 354IP helper addresses, intermediate routers, 58IPX RIP routing, routers, 189LMI types, Frame Relay protocol, 185modems, 456multicast addresses, SMDS, 186network filters, 192protocol parameters, 567–568register settings, TFTP servers, 53RIP and SAP statements, 187router priority, troubleshooting, 330–331routers, 197, 349–350SAP filters, 194–195, 201–202source-bridge command, 287–288

memory maps


993

source-bridge route-peer command, 279–280T1 timers, 285timer values, 258x25 map command, 568–569

mismatchesconfigurations, AppleTalk, 235–240,

247–248, 251duplex, 589, 637, 647, 726encapsulation, 184, 281, 388–389, 552, 554end nodes and router area numbers, 326, 329Ethernet encapsulation methods, 181FDDITalk versions, 261filename, 59Layer 3 address mapping, peer routers, 621network numbers, 179ring numbers, 275–276ring speed, 130ring speed specifications, 182RIP timers, 191, 206router network numbers, 383–384, 388SAP timers, 194, 206Spanning-Tree Algorithm, 588speed, 535timer values, 255–256timers, 338type, Local Management Interface (LMI), 552vendor codes, 291–292virtual local-area networks (VLANs), 637

misordered sequence numbers, 356–357misses parameter, 418missing boot images, recovering Catalyst 6000

images, 64–73missing cells, 614missing commands

appletalk route-redistribution, 260arap network, 261–263autoselect, 264boot system flash, router boot failures in Flash

memory, 50decnet cost, 326default-metric, 357distance, 358frame-relay map, 555ipx helper-address, 188–189ipx network, 190–191, 198ipx type-20-propagation, 187–188tftp-server, 54

vines arp-enable, 372–373vines serverless, 372–373xns helper-address, 386–387

missing default gateway specifications, 52, 346missing definitions, interesting traffic, 524missing frame-relay map commands, 555missing ios images, recovering Cisco 2600 routers,

80–83missing ios images, recovering Cisco 3600 routers,

84–86missing IP helper addresses, intermediate routers, 58missing multicast addresses, SMDS, 186missing multiring commands, 278missing RIP and SAP statements, 187missing routes from routing tables, 256missing source-bridge remote-peer command,

279–280missing zones from Chooser, 239–243MLP (Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol), 493–495,

498, 500MLS (Multilayer Switching), 631, 706–718mls rp ip command, 712, 714mls rp management-interface command, 712, 714mls rp vlan-id command, 714mls rp vtp-domain command, 714MLS state, 118MLSP (Multilayer Switching Protocol), 631,

707, 714MLS-RP component, 706–707, 711–717MLS-SE component, 706–707, 711–717MMP (Multichassis Multilink Point-to-Point

Protocol), 495–498MNP4 Link Request packets, responses by serving

modems, 262–263MNP5 enabled on answering modems, 264modal disperson, 106modem AT command, unlocked modem speed

settings, 514modem autoconfigure command, 454modem autoconfigure discovery command, 941modem call-record terse command, 464modem dialin command, disabled modem

control, 523Modem Hardware State field, show line

command, 459

Modem Hardware State field, show line command


994

modem inout commanddigital modem call pickups, 511disabled modem control, 521–522enabling modem control, 456

modem problems, AppleTalk, 262modem ri-is-cd command

disabled modem control, 521enabling modem control, 456

modemcap edit modem-name attribute value command, 454

modem-mgmt debug rbs command, 509, 530modem-regexp field, show dialer map

command, 486modems

56K flex standard, 507answering, MNP5 enabled on, 264configuring ports, remote access, 939–941dialup connections, 454–457incoming calls, 510–523serving responses to MNP4 Link Request

packets, 262–263modem-script field, show dialer map command, 486modem-script parameter, verifying chat scripts, 526modes

acquiring, ports stuck in, 252–253Active, routers stuck in, 257, 259active

opening data connections, 166routers stuck in, 203–205

AppleTalk discovery, 233–234, 252blocking, ports, 719buffered, 514, 519–520command

show interfaces ethernet command, 99show interfaces serial command, 424

destination-ip, 715Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP), 657–658full-duplex, 91, 94full-flow-ip, 715half-duplex, 91, 94loopback

E1 lines, 443T1 lines, 431

nondiscovery, 252PAgP, disabling, 694Passive, 259passive, opening data connections, 166

restarting, ports stuck in, 252–253ROM monitor, routers stuck in, 60–61source-destination-ip, 715standby, interfaces, 524

modules, Network Analysis, 809monitor command, 846Monitor Port field, Switch Agent Test, 813monitoring packet distribution, 668monitors, ROM, 59–60moretrace claw command, offline Channel Interface

Processor (CIP) devices, 308MTU field, 100, 116, 134, 425multicast addresses, missing and misconfigured, 186multicasting (optional) extension, 545multicasts

directed and global, 381Frame Relay, 549

Multichassis Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol (MMP), 495–498

multihoming, 349Multilayer Switching (MLS), 631, 706–718Multilayer Switching Protocol (MLSP), 631,

707, 714multilink bundles, connecting indefinitely, 494Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol (MLP), 493–495,

498, 500multimeters, digital, 18multimode fiber, 106multiple access collision detect (CSMA/CD) LANs.

See Ethernetmultiple paths, 57multiplexing, time-division (TDM), 544multipoint configuration, 268multipoint tunnels, 227multiring command, missing, 278multistation access units (MAUs), Token Ring

networks, 125–128, 131

Nname caches, NetBIOS, 285–287name field, show dialer map command, 485name hostname field, show running-config

command, 516

modem inout command


995

namesfinding within AppleTalk zones, 225registered NBP, viewing, 238zones

changing, AppleTalk networks, 233invalid, routing tables, 248–249

national terminal numbers (NTNs), 563native virtual local-area networks (VLANs), 655NAUM (nearest active upstream neighbor), 128NBP, 225NBP names, viewing, 238NBP packet types, Phase 1 and Phase 2 routers, 239NCP (Network Control Protocol), 492, 537–539nearest active upstream neighbor (NAUN), 128negotiated field, 121negotiation

duplex, EtherChannel, 686PPP, 490–493, 502–503

negotiation states, show interfaces fddi command, 117

neighbor field, 118neighbor routers, bad routing paths, 57neighbors

establishing, routers, 199–200routers not establishing, 254, 256states, 118upstream, failures, 114

NELR inactive field, 428Net Speed field, Agent Test, 812NetBIOS, client connectivity to servers, 285–288NetFlow Feature Card (NFFC), 711NetFlow option, 808NetRanger, security, 823–835NET (network entity titles), 342, 344NetSonar, security, 822netstat - rn command, missing or misconfigured

default gateway specifications, 346netstat gate command

host misconfigurations, 312missing or misconfigured IP routes, 311

NetWare, 173–174network address translation, 164Network Analysis Module, NetFlow option, 809network analyzers, 18, 20network classes, Internet Protocol (IP) addressing,

144–145

network command, IPX RIP and IPX Enhanced IGRP protocols enabled on same interface, 210

network configurations, 498Network Control Protocol (NCP), 492, 537–539network entity titles (NETs), 342, 344network filters, misconfigurations, 192network interface cards (NICs)

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), 593connectivity problems, 161EtherChannel trunking support, 684

network interface problems, Cisco 2500 routers, 39Network layer

AppleTalk, 221–224Banyan Virtual Integrated Network Service

(VINES) protocol, 364–370DECnet protocol, 316–320Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) protocol,

175, 177Transmission Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol (TCP/IP), 143–144Xerox Network Systems (XNS) protocols,

379–381network management tools, 15–17network nodes, 268network numbers

configuring, AppleTalk, 231duplicates, 182mismatches, 179

network operating system (NOS), 173network services, unavailable, 244–245, 247Network Services Protocol (NSP), 320network termination type 1 (NT1), 467network termination type 2 (NT2), 467network value, 386networks, 127

AppleTalk, 223Ethernet, frame bridging, 293failures, problem-solving model, 5–7, 9host access, 346–348IBM-based, 267–273, 293–308IEEE 802.5. See Token Ring networksimplementing Frame Relay, 549–550Internet Protocol (IP), 260logical, Banyan Virtual Integrated Network

Service (VINES) protocol, 364mismatched router numbers, 383–384, 388nodes, AppleTalk, 223–224

networks


996

nonextended, 224packet-switched (PSN), 559, 563public data (PDNs), 559remote

hosts unable to reach, 310–311routes to, troubleshooting, 311–312

serverless, clients connecting to servers over PSN, 375–377

Token Ringfault tolerance, 128media problems, 130, 132, 134, 136physical connections, 127priority system, 128similarities to Fiber Distributed Data

Interface (FDDI), 105troubleshooting, 125–136troubleshooting frame bridging, 293

wide-area (WAN)Frame Relay protocol, 544links, 285

zones, AppleTalk, 223–225next-hop-address field

show dialer map command, 485show running-config command, 516

NFFC (NetFlow Feature Card), 711NIC. See network interface cardsNLP (normal link pulses), 94NLS state, 118nn msec return code, 154, 565no access-group command, misconfigured access

lists, 354–355No Ans field, show modem command, 463no appletalk access-group command, misconfigured

access lists and filters, 240, 243no appletalk discovery command, 234no appletalk eigrp-timers command, timer value

mismatches, 256no appletalk ignore-verify-errors command, 234no appletalk pre-fdditalk command, FDDITalk

version mismatches, 261no appletalk protocol eigrp command, AppleTalk

Enhanced IGRP enabled on network with connected Macintosh computers, 254

no appletalk timers command, route flapping, 241, 246, 250

no buffer field, 122, 135, 427no buffers field, 102

no cdp enable command, 492no clns command, Connectionless Network Service

(CLNS) and DECnet protocols, 336no clns router iso-igrp interface command,

ISO-IGRP process configurations, 359no debug all command, 13no debug command, 13no debug packet command, 838, 840no decnet access-group command, misconfigured

access lists, 327no exec command

DCD configurations, 521lines configured with, 517

no flowcontrol hardware command, hardware flow control configurations, 515

no ip route-cache command, output drops in serial links, 399

no ipx hello-interval eigrp command, hello and hold-time timer mismatches, 200

no ipx hold-time interval eigrp command, hello and hold-time timer mismatches, 200

no ipx input-network-filter command, misconfigured filters, 192, 198

no ipx input-sap-filter command, misconfigured SAP filters, 194, 201

no ipx output-network-filter command, misconfigured filters, 192, 198

no ipx output-sap-filter command, misconfigured SAP filters, 194, 201

no ipx routing commandm duplicate router node numbers, 182

no ipx sap-incremental eigrp command, sending SAP updates, 207

no ipx sap-interval command, SAP timer mismatches, 194, 206

no lmn rps command, troubleshooting RPS conflicts in Token Ring networks, 132

no logging command, 437, 448no logging console command, 13no loopback command, 432

disabling loopback mode, 443status line conditions, serial lines, 397verifying configurations, signaling


no memory parameter, 418no mls rp ip command, 714

networks


997

no passive-interface command, RIP configurations, 312

No Route field, DECnet traffic, 337no shut command, 705no shutdown command

administratively down interfaces, 524D-channels, 439DLCI (data link connection identifier),

assignments to wrong subinterfaces, 553–554status line conditions, serial lines, 398troubleshooting PRIs, 437, 448, 450troubleshooting router interfaces, 371, 383verifying configurations, signaling


no shutdown interface configuration command, router interfaces down, 181

no vines access-group command, misconfigured access lists, 373

no x25 map command, x25 map command misconfigurations, 568

no xns access-group command, misconfigured access lists, 384

node addresses, 179, 328, 333Node type field, 369nodes

addresses, 318AppleTalk, 223–224bidirectional adjacencies, 331, 334DECne, configuring to log DECnet events,

322–325duplicate numbers on routers, 182end, 317

designated routers, 329–331finding routers, 328–329mismatches, 326, 329troubleshooting, 322–325

leaf, 685network, primary and secondary, 268routing, 317, 334service

Routing Table Protocol (RTP), 368VINES Internetwork Protocol (VIP), 364

nodes traversed field, 317noise, excessive, 98non_op state, 120non_op_dup state, 120

nondiscovery mode, 252none field, flowcontrol hardware command, 515Nonegotiate state, 655nonextended networks, 224nonfunctional Fiber Distributed Data Interface

(FDDI) rings, 114nonfunctioning Token Rings, 130normal link pulses (NLPs), 94Northern Telecom, 543NOS (network operating system), 173noSuchName error message, SNMP, 816not supported values, 117Novell, Inc., 379NPM problems, Cisco 4000 routers, 37nrConfigure, CiscoSecure Intrusion Detection

System (IDS) (NetRanger), 832nrconns command, 824nrest command, 824nrstart command, 824nrstatus command, 823nrstop command, 824nrvers command, 823NSAP addresses, 342–345nsap value, 347, 351NSDB component, NetSonar, 822nslookup command, connectivity problems in

Domain Name Servers (DNS), 168NSP (Network Services Protocol), 320NT1 (network termination type 1), 467NT2 (network termination type 2), 467NTN (national terminal numbers), 563Number of Interfaces field, Agent Test, 811number value, 357numbering access lists, 478numbers

adjacencies, troubleshooting, 332, 335areas, 333auxiliary port, finding, 455duplicates, AppleTalk networks, 236, 244international data (IDN), 562mismatched routers, 383–384, 388national terminal (NTN), 563network

configuring, AppleTalk, 231mismatches, 179

networks, duplicates, 182nodes, duplicates on routers, 182

numbers


998

pin, RJ-48 jacks, 443router area, mismatches, 326, 329sequence, misordered, 356–357

NVE, 225nzri-encoding command, Link-layer problems,

295, 297

Oobjects, unrecognized, 323octet boundaries, NSAP addresses, 345Off state, 655OIDs, unknown devices, 793old IOS releases, 309On state, 655OOB, boot loader recovery, 71–73OPCOM (Operation Communication Manager)

messages, 321open peers, 282–284Open Q&A Forum, 942open relays, multistation access units (MAUs), 131Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol, 381opening

CWSI Campus, 784–787NetSonar GUI, 822

opening data connections, 166operating systems, corruption, 639operation state, 117Operation type field, 369Operator Communication Manager (OPCOM)

messages, 321optical fiber, advantages of, 105–106optical time domain reflectors (OTDRs), 18–19option value, 376options, NetFlow, 808Options field, 144, 149Oracle, CiscoSecure Intrusion Detection System

(IDS) (NetRanger), 829–830ordering sequence numbers, 356–357OSAgent, 781OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) protocol, 381OTDR (optical time domain reflectors), 18–19out keyword, flowcontrol hardware command, 515out state, 119outbound calls

configuring interfaces, 484–486

ISDN lines, 523–532out-of-order packets

network booting failures, 55–56routers, 28

output, 115–116auxiliary ports, 521debug commands, 13–14debug isdn q931 command, successful IDSN

connections, 508debug messages, 438debug modem csm command, successful

connection, 510debugging, 277scrambled, booting from ROM, 61set port duplex 1/1 half command, 648set port speed 1/1 10 command, 648show clns neighbors command, 348show clns neighbors detail command, 360show controller t1 call-counters command, 466show interfaces command, 100, 200, 202, 425show interfaces fddi command, 115–116show interfces tokenring command, 133show isdn status command, 473–474, 476show lane client command, 605–606, 608show line command, rotary groups, 458–461show port 1/1 command, 647–648trace command, 352–353

output buffer failures field, 123output buffers swapped out field, 123output drops, serial links, 398–399output errors field, 103, 123, 136, 428output field, 101, 121output hang field, 101, 121, 135, 426Output queue field, 121, 426Output queues, 338

drops field, 135full, 585hub routers, dropped SAP updates, 208input queue, drops field, 101

overlapping cable-ranges, 236, 244overloads

interfaces, 726log messages, 437

overrun field, 102, 122, 136, 427OVUF state, 119

numbers


999

Ppacket assembler/disassemblers (PADs), 560packet corruption

blocked ports, 727Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) failures, 721

packet debugging, 151, 156–157Packet Exchange Protocol (PEP), 381Packet length field, 175, 368packet losses, input errors, 615Packet Type field, 175, 380packet type identifiers (PTIs), 562packet types, NBP, 239packets, 563

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), 369broadcast, forwarding by routers, 385–386, 389candidate, 708conversions, AppleTalk Update Routing

Protocol (AURP), 228enabler, 708encapsulating, 227exception notification, 370fields

Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) protocol, 175–176

VINES Internetwork Protocol (VIP), 368handling, Banyan Virtual Integrated Network

Service (VINES) servers, 366, 368hello, exchanging, 329interesting, 477–482, 484Internet Protocol (IP), fields, 143metric notification, 370MNP4 Link Request, responses by serving

modems, 262–263monitoring distribution, 668out-of-order

network booting failures, 55–56routers, 28

routing, Level 2 routers, 352Routing redirect, 369Routing request, 369Routing response, 369Routing Table Protocol (RTP), 369Routing update, 369SAP, propagation by routers, 193–196,

201–203setup, address fields, 562

Transport Control Protocol (TCP), fields, 149transporting over WAN backbones, 611–612

connectivity problems, 618–621mapping between destination addresses


frames, 613–614, 616traffic shaping and policing, 616–617troubleshooting commands, 622–624variable bit rate, non-real time (VBR-

NRT), 617–618packets input field, 101, 122, 135, 426packets output field, 102, 123, 136, 428packet-switched networks (PSNs), 183–186,

559, 563packet-switching exchanges (PSEs), 559PAD (packet assembler/disassemblers), 560PAgP (Port Aggregation Protocol)

configuring EtherChannel, 668–672EtherChannel, 685

PAgP mode, disabling, 694Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), 91PAP (Password Authentication Protocol), 491PAP (Printer Access Protocol), 229parallel bridges and repeaters, troubleshooting, 360parallel detections, 94parallel paths, connections, 355–356parallel translational bridges, 292parameter tuning, Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP)

failures, 723parameters

created, 418failures, 418hits, 418in free list, 417max, 417max allowed, 417min, 417misses, 418modem-script, verifying chat scripts, 526no memory, 418permanent, 417protocols, misconfigurations, 567–568show buffers command, 417total, 417trims, 418tuning, Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP), 735

parameters


1000

PARC (Palo Alto Research Center), 91parity errors, 882partially connected tunnels, 227partitioned areas, 328passing, token, 126passive links, 111passive mode, 259

Enhanced IGRP routers, 205opening data connections, 166

passive-interface command, RIP configurations, 311Password Authentication Protocol (PAP), 491password line command, 854passwords, recovering in PIX firewalls, 845–869path_test state, 119paths

bridging, broken, 584multiple, 57parallel, roubleshooting connections, 355–356routing, neighbor routers, 57

payload-compress packet-by-packet value, 377PCR (Peak Cell Rate), 617PC (personal computers), collecting data from

routers, 939PDNs (public data networks), 559Peak Cell Rate (PCR), 617peer router mismatches, Layer 3 address

mapping, 621peers

closed, 279–282, 304–305open, 282–284remote, no routes to, 280

PEP (Packet Exchange Protocol), 381performance

AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP, 257bridging and routing, IBM-based networks,

274–312clients, gathering data, 465CWSI Campus, improving, 787–788dialin connections, 264–265modems, gathering data, 461–462networks, 209–210systems, cvinstall.chrc and cvinstall.sh

files, 814troubleshooting, 337–338, 359–360

period (.) return code, 153periodic SAP updates, 202, 207, 210

permanent parameter, 417permanent virtual circuits (PVCs), 544, 546,

561, 563permissions, file, 52permit keyword, 357permit statements

misconfigured access lists, 240, 243, 327, 354–355, 374, 384, 387

misconfigured filters, 192, 195, 199, 202, 243personal computers (PCs), collecting data from

routers, 939phantom zones in Chooser, 247, 249Phase 1 and 2 rule violations, 236, 238–239, 252Phase V. See DECnet protocolPhy- {A | B} field, 117PHY (Physical Layer Protocol), 106Physical Address physical connections

Ethernet and IEEE 802.3, 94, 96Token Ring networks, 127

physical connectivity, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP), 160–161

physical interface configurations, 499–500physical interfaces

configurations, 499–500dialer pools, 488

Physical layer, 293–294, 300, 307–308, 470–471Physical Layer Medium (PMD), 106Physical Layer Protocol (PHY), 106physical loops, 685, 717physical maps, 632Pid column, Process Failures table, 744pin numbers, RJ-48 jacks, 443ping command, 11, 14, 681–682

addressing problems, 310discarded cells, 619host misconfigurations, 312missing or misconfigured IP routes, 311remote peer routes, 280serial lines, 409–411T1 timer misconfigurations, 285

Ping field, Agent Test, 811ping tool, 151, 153pinging

remote routers, failures, 554–557through PIX Firewall, 839to and from hosts, 310

PIX firewalls, 835–869

PARC (Palo Alto Research Center)


1001

PIX maintenance, 865plans of action, network failures, 7PMD (Physical Layer Medium), 106PNNI networks, checking with AtmDirector,

804–805point-to-point configuration, 268Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

dialup connections, 489–503ISDN lines, 532–539

point-to-point tunnels, 227policing, 616–617, 619–620pools, dialer, 487–488POP protocol, connectivity problems, 167Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP), EtherChannel,

668–672, 685port groups, identifying, 664port rate adjust, 514, 519–520port unreachable error message, 15port value, show interfaces ethernet command, 99port-adapter value, show interfaces ethernet

command, 99PortFast, 637

configuration errors, Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) failures, 722

enabling, 693–694end-station startup connectivity problems,

682–706ports

access server console, control signal conflicts, 63

autonegotiation, 639–650auxiliary

configuring, remote access, 940–941output, 521

blockedchecking, 725–727logging Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP)

events, 725reducing, Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP),

731–734blocking mode, 719connectivity, LAN switching, 633–639console, remote access, 939–940disabling, 665, 725dragging, VLANs, 796enabling, 692–693enabling PortFast, 693–694

errdisable state, 674, 678–679errors, 589EtherChannel support, 661–662finding auxiliary numbers, 455lightning bolts, 797stuck in restarting or acquiring mode, 252–253timing, 696verifying connections, EtherChannel, 662–663viewing status, 695

power subsystem problemsCatalyst 2900 LAN switches, 43Catalyst 5000 LAN switches, 41Cisco 2500 routers, 39Cisco 4000 routers, 37Cisco 7000 routers, 34Cisco 7500 routers, 30

power system problems, Cisco 2600 routers, 83PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)

dialup connections, 489–503ISDN lines, 532–539

ppp keyword, 389PPP links, CSU/DSU loopback tests, 421–423PPP negotiation, 490–493, 502–503Preamble field, 112PRI (Primary Rate Interface), 436–440, 447–450,

469, 475pri-group command, 439, 475pri-groups, verifying configurations, 436, 447primary network node, 268Primary Rate Interface (PRI), 469, 475primary rings, 107–108primary routers, Link-layer problems, 295–296Printer Access Protocol (PAP), 229Printing Protocol, 382priority, routers, 330–331priority field, Token Ring networks, 128priority queuing, reducing bottlenecks, 419–420priority system, Token Ring networks, 128priority-list command, 419privileged exec commands, accessing, 13problem-solving model, network failures, 5–7, 9Process Failures, 744, 762–779process features, 761–762Process Manager, 780Process Name column, Process Failures table, 744

Process Name column, Process Failures table


1002

processesCWSI Campus

background, 779–782, 784starting and stopping, 783

ISO-IGRP, configurations, 359starting, 763stopping, 763–764

processing SAP updates, 196, 207, 209processor subsystem problems

Catalyst 2900 LAN switches, 43Catalyst 5000 LAN switches, 42Cisco 7000 routers, 35Cisco 7500 routers, 32

processor types, viewing with show version command, 880

processors, Channel Interface (CIP), 308–311profiles

dialer, 486–489, 525virtual, 501

program problems, AppleTalk, 253programs

AtmDirector, 801, 803–807Cisco IOS, older versions, 256–257, 259CiscoView, 813–816CiscoWorks, installing on servers, 742TrafficDirector, 808–813Virtual Profiles, 498–502VlanDirector, 795–801

projecting the PPP link to the call master, 496prompts

#, 13AT, trainup failures, 512boot, routers booting from Flash memory,

49–50propagating

routers, 191routes through AURP tunnels, 259–260SAP packets by routers, 193–196, 201–203

protocol analyzers, late collisions, 98protocol discriminators, 547Protocol field, 144protocol field

show dialer map command, 485show running-config command, 516

Protocol Monitoring field, Agent Test, 811protocol stacks, Banyin Virtual Integrated Network

Service (VINES) protocol, 363

Protocol type field, 368protocol value, 376, 387protocol-address value, 376protocols, 308, 478

address assignments, 221–222Address Resolution (ARP), 27, 146, 369AppleTalk, 219AppleTalk Address Resolution (AARP), 221AppleTalk Data Stream (ADSP), 229AppleTalk Echo (AEP), 228AppleTalk Filing (AFP), 229AppleTalk Session (ASP), 229AppleTalk Transaction (ATP), 228–229AppleTalk Update Routing (AURP), 226–228bad addresses, TFTP servers, 52Banyan Virtual Integrated Network Service

(VINES)media access, 364Network layer, 364–370protocol stacks, 363Transport layer, 370troubleshooting, 363–377

bit-oriented synchronous vs. SDLC protocol, 267

Border Gateway (BGP), 381Challenge Handshake Authentication

(CHAP), 491Cisco Discovery (CDP), 646Cisco Discovery Protocol Control

(CDPCP), 492Clearinghouse, 382connection failures, 354Connectionless Netrwork Service (CLNS),

336–337,, 341–360Courier, 382Datagram Delivery (DDP), 224DECnet

Digital Network Architecture (DNA), 315–316

Network layer, 316–317, 319–320Transport layer, 320troubleshooting, 315–331, 333–338

Domain Name System (DNS), 150Dynamic ISL (DISL), 686Dynamic Trunking (DTP), 655–658, 686Echo, 382

processes


1003

embedded with MAC addresses, bridging, 292–293

Error (EP), 382ES-IS, 347File Transfer (FTP), 150

connectivity problems, 166–167generating core dumps, 874submitting information to Technical

Assistance Center (TAC), 943Filing, 382Frame Relay, 551

characteristics of, 544–550failures in pinging remote routers,

554–557failures in relay links, 551–553forwarding SAPs, hub routers, 185Full Frame Relay broadcast queues, 185misconfigured DLCI assigments, 184misconfigured LMI types, 185

High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC), 268Hypertext Transfer (HTTP), 150, 166IMAP, connectivity problems, 167Integrated Services Digital Network

(ISDN), 544Internet (IP), 141, 379

connectivity and routing problems, 162–164

fields, 143Multilayer Switching (MLS), 706–718

Internet Control (ICP), 370Internet Control Message (ICMP), 14, 147–148Internet Datagram (IDP), 379Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX), 379

media access, 174NetWare, 173–174Network layer, 175, 177Transport layer, 177–178troubleshooting, 178–217

IPX Enhanced IGRP, routermisconfigurations, 197

IPX RIP and IPX Enhanced IGRP enabled on same interface, 210

Kermit, submitting information to Technical Assistance Center (TAC), 943

Level 0, 379Level 4, 382Link Control (LCP), 490, 534–535

Multichassis Multilink Point-to-Point (MMP), 495–498

Multilayer Switching (MLSP), 631, 707, 714Multilink Point-to-Point (MLP), 493–495,

498, 500Network Control (NCP), 492, 537–539Network Services (NSP), 320Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), 381Packet Exchange (PEP), 381parameters, misconfigurations, 567–568Password Authentication (PAP), 491Physical Layer (PHY), 106Point-to-Point (PPP), ISDN lines, 532–539POP, connectivity problems, 167Port Aggregation (PAgP), EtherChannel,

668–672, 685Printer Access (PAP), 229Printing, 382remote control protocol (RCP), generating core

dumps, 874Reverse Address Resolution (RARP), 146Routing Information (RIP), 176, 379, 381routing problems, client connections to

servers, 183Routing Table (RTP), 368–369Routing Table Maintenance (RTMP), 224–225SDLC, 267–268, 270

connectivity, 298–303router communication, 293, 295–296, 298

Sequenced Packet (SPP), 177, 381Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX), 177Service Advertising (SAP), 176, 379Simple Mail Transfer (SMTP), 150, 167Simple Network Management (SNMP), 150Spanning Tree (STP), 630, 658, 684–685,

718–735Telnet, 150, 168Transmission Control (TCP), 141, 379, 618Transmission Control/Internet (TCP/IP),

141–142, 149, 158addressing, 144, 146Domain Name System (DNS), 150Internet Control Message Protocol

(ICMP), 147–148Network layer, 143–144routing, 147tools for troubleshooting, 151–157

Transmission Control/Internet (TCP/IP)


1004

Transport Control Protocol (TCP), 148–149

Transport layer, 148upper-layer protocols, 149–150User Datagram Protocol (UDP), 149

Transport Control (TCP), 148–149Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP),

generating core dumps, 874Unidirectional Link Detection (UDLD), 637upper-layer

Banyan Virtual Integrated Network Service (VINES) protocol, 370

connectivity problems, 164–168DECnet protocol, 320Transmission Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol (TCP/IP), 149–150User Datagram (UDP), 27, 149, 227VINES Internetwork (VIP), 364, 366, 368Virtual Trunking, MLS-RP and MLS-SE

components, 714–715X Windows, 150X.21 bis physical layer, 564X.25

characteristics of, 559, 561connection failures over X.25 links,

566–569frame formats, 561, 563–564serial errors, X.25 links, 569–570show interfaces serial command, 565–566vs. Frame Relay, 543–544

Xerox Network Systems (XNS)network layer, 379–381server and router connections,

troubleshooting, 382–385transport layer, 381troubleshooting, 379–389upper-layer, 382See also Banyan Virtual Integrated

Network Service protocolZone Information (ZIP), 225

pruning VLANs, Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP), 731–732

PSE (packet-switching exchanges), 559PSNs (packet-switched networks), 183–186,

374–377, 559, 563client connections to servers

PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network), 507

PTI (packet type identifier), 562public data networks (PDNs), 559Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), 507pulses

fast link, 94normal link (NLP), 94

purges, MLS flows, 716puts, 167PVC (permanent virtual circuits), 375, 377, 544,

546, 561, 563, 611–624pvc command, 622

QQ return code, 154QLS state, 119QoS (quality of service), 143Queueing strategy field, 121queue-limit keyword, 420queues

Full Frame Relay broadcast, Frame Relay protocol, 185

Input and Output, 338, 585output, hub routers, 208

queuing, priority, 419–420

RR reference point, 468ranges, node addresses, 328, 333RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol), 146RC column, Process Failures table, 744RCP (remote control protocol), generating core

dumps, 874Read Community field


Ready state, show line command, 459–461real-address value, 334reassambly, AAL5 frames, 613received (RX) alarm indication signal (AIS), 432Received...broadcasts field, 427Received field, DECnet traffic, 337received (RX) remote alarm indication signal (AIS),

432–433

Transmission Control/Internet (TCP/IP)


1005

receivers (RX)lost frames, 430, 442lost signals, 431, 442–443remote alarms, 443–444

receiving data, dialin connections, 263–264recompute value, 372reconfigurations, AppleTalk networks, 233recovering

Catalyst 6000 switches, corrupted and missing boot images, 64–73

Cisco 2600 routers, corrupted and missing ios images, 80–81, 83

Cisco 3600 routers, corrupted and missing ios images, 84–86

passwords, PIX firewalls, 845–869recovering from network failures, 8red Xs, devices, 790redistribute command, route redistributions,

193, 199redistribution, routes, 193, 199, 348, 351, 353,

356–360redistribution feedback loops, 358–359reducing

blocked ports, Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP), 731–734

bottlenecks, priority queuing, 419–420startup delays, Catalyst switches, 686–689,

696–697, 701–703redundancy

Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP), 731SSRP, split ELANs, 598–599

reference points, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), 468

reflectorsoptical time domain (OTDR), 18–19time domain (TDR), 18–19

refusals, connections, 597register jumpers, hardware configuration, 860register settings, misconfigurations in TFTP

servers, 53registered NBP names, viewing, 238registers

misconfigurations, 60–61router boot failures, Flash memory, 50

rejections, connections, 323REJs field, 565relay links, failures, 551–553

relays, open, 131Reliable message service, 370rely field, 100, 117, 134, 426remote access

configuring auxiliary ports, 940–941configuring console ports, 939–940

remote alarms, transmitters, 433, 444–445remote alarms field, 428remote control protocol (RCP), generating core

dumps, 874remote CSU/DSU loopback tests, HDLC and PPP

links, 422–423remote networks

host access, 346–348hosts unable to reach, 310–311routes to, 311–312

remote peers, no routes to, 280remote rings, explorer traffic, 284remote source-routing bridges (RSRBs),

troubleshootinghost connectivity to server, 279, 281–284NetBIOS client connectivity to server, 285periodic communication failures, 284–285

remote-procedure call (RPC), 370removing devices, 791reopening NetSonar GUI, 822repeaters parallel with routers, troubleshooting, 360replacement parts, testing and verifying, 44replacing corrupt databases, CWSI Campus,

784–787replies

SNRM and XID frames, 306–307test frames, 301XID frames, 303

report component, NetSonar, 822rep, rting errors, 147reports, discrepancy, 793–795request state, 117requesters, 491requests, servers, 364Requests For Comments (RFCs), 142researching known bugs, 639reservation field, Token Ring networks, 128Reserved field, 149resets, interfaces, 404resource errors, 324, 722, 727–728Resource Manager Essentials, 741–742

Resource Manager Essentials


1006

Resource Monitoring field, Agent Test, 811resources, routers, 163response messages, 492RESTART messages, misconfigurations in protocol

parameters, 567–568restarting mode, ports stuck in, 252–253RESTARTs field, 565restarts field, 103, 123, 136, 428restoring

broken lines, 679–681connectivity, bridging loops, 724–725

retransmissionsexcessive, transitional bridging, 587frames, Ethernet, 93

return codesping tool, 153traceroute tool, 154

Returned fieldtroubleshooting DECnet traffic, 337

return-to-sender bit, 317return-to-sender-request bit, 317Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP), 146reverse Telnet sessions, 454–457RFC (Requests for Comments), 142RFC 1883, 141RFC 2474, 143RIF. See routing information fieldRII. See routing information indicatorring number mismatches, 275–276ring operational field, 121Ring speed field, 134ring speed mismatches, 130ring speed specifications, mismatches, 182ring_op state, 120ring_op_dup state, 120rings

congested, Token Ring networks, 132dual, fault tolerance, 109Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI),

nonfunctional, 114primary, 107–108remote, explorer traffic, 284secondary, 107–108

ring-speed commandring speed specification mismatches, 182troubleshooting ring speed mismatches, 130

RIP (Routing Information Protocol), 176, 311–312

RIP routers, blocked connections, 189–193RIP statements, missing and misconfigured, 187RIP timers, mismatches, 191, 206RIP updates, 191RISC processor, addressing errors, 881RJ-45 cables, 511, 635RJ-48 jack, pin numbers, 443RME problems, 760–768, 770–777, 779rmtLink fiel, show modem call-stats command, 463RNRs field, 565ROM

local timeouts when booting from, 62scrambled output when booting from, 61

ROM monitor moderouters stuck in, 60–61

ROM monitorsrouters hang after initialization, 59–60

root bridges, 578changes in, 586Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP), 730

root identifiers, 579root path cost, 578–579rotary 1 command, 455rotary groups

dialup connections, 457–466setting up, 455

route add default command, missing or misconfigured default gateway specifications, 346

Route Descriptor field, 273route flapping, 240–241, 244–246, 249–250, 259route-map command, misordered sequence

numbers, 356–357router area numbers, mismatches, 326, 329router diagnostic commands, 11–15router images in wrong directory, TFTP servesr, 52router interfaces, 383router system images, incorrect file permissions in

TFTP servers, 52routers, 252, 332–334

access by end nodes, 328–329accessing, remote console and auxiliary

ports, 939addresses, 347AppleTalk discovery mode, 252application connections to servers, 186–189

Resource Monitoring field, Agent Test


1007

booting problems, 26–29Cisco 2500 series, 38–39Cisco 4000 series, 36–37Cisco 7000 series, 32–35Cisco 7500 series, 29–32

broadcast forwarding, 377cables to out of specification, 415Cisco 4500/4700, boot loader recovery, 67–71clients communicating with servers, 371–374collecting data from, 939communication, SDLC protocol, 293–298configurations

AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP, 254troubleshooting, 349–350

connectionsmodems, 456–457failures, X.25 links, 567servers, 382–383, 385tunnels, 227

designated, 329–331disabled modem control, 521–523end systems (ESs), 346Enhanced IGRP, active and passive modes, 205establishing neighbors, 199–200exterior, routing information, 227forwarding broadcast packets, 385–386, 389forwarding spanning explorers, 277–278hardware flow control, 515–516, 518hardware problems, serial lines, 405host failures, 322–328hub

dropped SAP updates from output queue, 208

forwarding SAPs, Frame Relay protocol, 185

in different autonomous systems, 200intermediate, 58IPX Enhanced IGR, blocked connections,

196–199Level 1, 319Level 2, 319, 352multiple lines between, 253neighbor, bad routing paths, 57not establishing neighbors, 254, 256not functioning, 278–279parallel bridges and repeaters,

troubleshooting, 360

peer, mismatches in Layer 3 address mapping, 621

Phase 1 and Phase 2packet types, 239rule violations, 236–239, 252

PortFast, 685ports stuck in restarting or acquiring mode,

252–253primary, Link-layer problems, 295–296processing SAP updates, 196, 207, 209propagating RIP updates, 191propagation, SAP packets, 193–196, 201–203remote, pinging failures, 554–557RIP, blocked connections, 189–193saving configurations

changes in, 709write memory command, 440

secondary, Link-layer problems, 296–298seed, 252serial errors, X.25 links, 570stuck in active mode, 203–205support, American National Standards Institute

(ANSI) standards, 341toggling node adjacencies, 334troubleshooting, 328–329, 348, 353–354

routesentering NSAP addresses, 344flapping, 205invalid, network booting, 56–57IP, missing or misconfigured, 311no zones associated with, FDDITalk, 260–261not propagated through AURP tunnels,

259–260redistribution, 193, 199, 348, 351, 353, 356–360remote peers, 280unstable (flapping), 240–241, 244–246,

249–250, 259routes missing from routing tables, 256routes to remote networks, troubleshooting,

311–312routing

AppleTalk, not enabled on interfaces, 262connectivity and performance, IBM-based

networks, 274–312incorrect, outbound calls, 525interesting packets, 480–482, 484Internet Protocol (IP), 162–164

routing


1008

IPX RIP, router misconfigurations, 189Layer 3, connectivity failures, 621packets, Level 2 routers, 352static, 147Transmission Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol (TCP/IP), 147routing algorithms, Banyan Virtual Integrated

Network Service (VINES) protocol, 366Routing Control field, 273routing flags field, 317routing frame formats, DECnet protocol, 317routing information field (RIF), 272, 276, 284routing information indicator (RII) bit, 272Routing Information Protocol (RIP), 176, 379, 381routing levels, DECnet protocol, 319–320routing nodes, 317routing paths, neighbor routers, 57routing protocol problems, client connections to

servers, 183Routing redirect packet, 369Routing request packet, 369Routing response packet, 369Routing Table Maintenance Protocol (RTMP),

224–225, 257Routing Table Protocol (RTP), 368–369routing tables


entriesNSAP addresses, 344Routing Table Maintenance Protocol

(RTMP), 224invalid zone names, 248–249missing routes, 256Routing Table Protocol (RTP), 368

Routing update packet, 369Roving Agent field, Switch Agent Test, 813RPC (remote-procedure call), 370RPS conflicts, Token Ring networks, 132RSP, memory maps, 889–890RSP4, memory maps, 890RSRB. See remote source-routing bridgeRTMP (Routing Table Maintenance Protocol),

224–225, 257RTP (Routing Table Protocol), 368–369RTPoller, 781

RTS/CTS Flow command, hardware flow control configurations, 518

runningNetBIOS over IPX, 189scripts, CWSI Campus, 785

runt frames, Ethernet, 98Runts field, 102runts field, 122, 135, 427RX (received) alarm indication signal (AIS), 432RX (received) remote alarm indication signal (AIS),

432–433RX (receivers), remote alarms, 443–444rx LOF, 428rx LOF field, 428rx LOS field, 428

SS (Supervisory) frames, 564S bit, 470S reference point, 468S state, 118SABME messages, 438SABMs field, 565SAP (Service Advertising Protocol), 176

dropped updates, hub router output queue, 208incremental updates, 202, 207periodic updates, bandwidth, 210processing updates, 196, 207, 209servers not sending updates, 195

SAP filters, misconfigurations, 194–195, 201–202SAP packets, propagation by routers, 193–196,

201–203SAP statements, missing and misconfigured, 187SAP timers, mismatches, 194, 206saturated links, 56saving configurations

changes in, routers, 709configurations, write memory command, 440

scanshosts, NetSonar, 822viewing data from, NetSonar, 822

SCR (Subtainable Cell Rate), 617scrambled output, booting from ROM, 61scrambling, 113script command, 939

routing


1009

script dialer command, verifying chat scripts, 526scripts

chat, verifying in outbound calls, 526–527running, CWSI Campus, 785

SCTE (serial clock transmit external) terminal timing, 413

sdlc keyword, 389SDLC Logical Link Control (SDLLC), 299–304sdlc partner command, test frames, 300–301SDLC protocol, 267–268, 270

connectivity, 298–303router communication, 293–298

sdlc-primary keyword, 389sdlc-secondary keyword, 389sdllc traddr command, 303sdllc xid command, XID frames, 302–303SDLLC (SDLC Logical Link Control), 299–304searching

clocking problems, 413duplicate MAC addresses and physical

loops, 717names within AppleTalk zones, 225

secondary network node, 268secondary rings, 107–108secondary routers, Link-layer problems, 296–298second-network address, 334seconds value, decnet hello-timer command, 322security, 821

CiscoSecure Intrusion Detection System (IDS) (NetRanger), 823–835

CiscoSecure Scanner (NetSonar), 822PIX firewall maintenance, 844–869PIX firewalls, 835–844PIX maintenance, 865SwitchProbe devices and Network Analysis

Module, 809–810seed routers, 252segmentation, AAL5 frames, 613segments

back-door bridges between, 183troubleshooting backdoor bridges between, 385

SegV exceptions, 880selecting addresses, Banyan Virtual Integrated

Network Service (VINES) protocol, 365–366self-tests, collecting information in Essentials, 745

sendingdata, dialin connections, 263–264keepalives, failures in, 552remote alarms, transmitters, 433SAP updates, 195SNRM and XID frames, 305–306test frames, 300XID frames, 302

sensing DTRs, modems, 522Sensor, CiscoSecure Intrusion Detection System

(IDS) (NetRanger), 828separation, cables, 405Sequence Number field, 149sequence numbers, misordered, 356–357Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX) protocol, 177Sequenced Packet Protocol (SPP), 177, 381sequence-number value, 357sequences, frame check (FCS), 270serial circuits, crossed, 253serial clock transmit external (SCTE) terminal

timing, 413serial errors, X.25 links, 569–570serial interfaces, displaying information, 423–424Serial...is {up | down}...is administratively down

field, 425serial line problems, AppleTalk, 262serial lines

adjusting buffers, 416–420clocking problems, 412–415CSU/DSU loopback tests, 420–423debug commands, 408–409E1 circuit problems, 440–450extended ping tests, 409–411show controllers serial command, 405–406show interfaces serial command, 393–405,

423–428T1 circuit problems, 429–440

serial linkscarrier transition counts, 404–405congestion, 404input drops, 399–400interface resets, 404output drops, 398–399troubleshooting, 280

serial tunnel (STUN), session failures, troubleshooting, 304–308

serial tunnel (STUN), session failures, troubleshooting


1010

series processor subsystem problems, Catalyst 2900 LAN switches, 43

server modems, 465serverless networks, clients connecting to servers

over PSN, 375–377servers, 219, 683

access, unresponsive terminal connections, 62–63

application connections to, 186–189Banyan Virtual Integrated Network Service

(VINES) servershandling packets, 366, 368

Broadcast-and-Unknown (BUS), 594client connections to, 253–254, 261–262

ISDN, 186–187Local Area Network s (LANs), 178–183packet-switched networks (PSNs),

183–186collecting information, Essentials, 743communicating with clients over routers,

troubleshooting, 371–372, 374connections

clients, 289, 291–293Donain Name System (DNS), 168–169hosts, 274–284NetBIOS clients, 285–288routers, 382–385servers over PSN, 374–377

disabled modem control, 521–523enabling modem control, 456Essentials, accessing, 755gathering information, Essentials, 757installing software, CiscoWorks 2000, 742intermittent connections between clients,

205–209LAN Emulation (LES), 594, 597, 602–603LAN Emulation Configuration (LECS), 594,

596–597, 601–602mail, accesing externally through PIX Firewall,

841–842requests for, broadcasts, 364starting, NetSonar, 822TFTP

booting routers from, 51–53downloading PIX 515 images, 846, 848

verifying address configurations, 539

VTP, 795Web, accesing externally through PIX Firewall,

841–842Service Advertising Protocol (SAP), 176, 379service internal command, 509, 530service nodes

Routing Table Protocol (RTP), 368VINES Internetwork Protocol (VIP), 364

service providers, ATM, 612service timestamps debug datetime msec

command, 502service timestamps debug uptime command, 705service timestamps log uptime command, 705services

accessing, 235–237, 239address resolution, 369Data stream, 370dropped connections, 249–250host configurations, 354Integrated Services Digital Network

(ISDN), 469LANE, configuring, 797–801network, unavailable, 244–245, 247Reliable message, 370Transport layer, Banyan Virtual Integrated

Network Service (VINES) protocol, 370troubleshooting, CCO, 941, 943Unreliable datagram, 370

serving modems, responses to MNP4 Link Request packets, 262–263

session terminations, 587sessions

debug, Point-to-Point (PPP) protocol, 532, 534failures, routers running serial tunnel (STUN),

304–308modems

establishing, 512–523hung, 456

reverse Telnet, 454–457set interface sc0 2 command, 656set interface sc0 commands, 654set logging level spantree 7 command, 705set port channel 2/1-2 off command, 705set port channel 2/1-4 auto command, 676set port channel auto command, 681set port channel desirable command, 681

series processor subsystem problems, Catalyst 2900 LAN switches


1011

set port disable 2/1 command, 705set port disable command, 681set port duplex 1/1 half command, 647–648set port duplex 2/1 full command, 705set port enable 2/1 command, 705set port enable command, 681set port speed 1/1 10 command, 645, 648set port speed 1/1 auto command, 644, 649set port speed 2/1 100 command, 705set port speed mod_num/port_num auto command,

autonegotiation, 642set trunk 1/1desirable command, 657set trunk 2/1 off command, 705set trunk command, 656set trunk desirable command, 681set trunk off command, 689set vlan 1 2/4 command, 678–679set vlan 2 command, 656set vtp domain Cookbook command, 657settings

configuration registers, 60–61modem speed, unlocked, 513–514, 518–521register, TFTP server misconfigurations, 53size, EPROM, 59terminal speed, 61

SETUP messagesdebug isdn q931 command, 508LAN Emulation Clients (LECs), 596

SF (Superframe Format) framing, 413sh atm int atm command, 620sh atm map command, 621sh atm pvc command, 623sh atm pvc vpi/vci counters, 615sh controller command, 614shaped VP tunnels, 599shaping, traffic, 616–617show access-list command, access list

misconfigurations, 554show access-lists command

misconfigured access lists, 354–355, 387misconfigured filters, 194, 198, 201

show apple interfaces command, AppleTalk routing, 262

show appletalk access-list command, misconfigured access lists and filters, 240, 243

show appletalk eigrp neighbors commandinterface and hardware problems,

AppleTalk, 258timer value mismatches, 255

show appletalk eigrp-timers command, timer value mismatches, 255

show appletalk globals command, Phase 1 and 2 rule violations, 236, 252

show appletalk interface commandconfiguration mismatches, 235, 237, 239,

247–248, 251crossed serial circuits, 253misconfigured AURP tunnels, 260

show appletalk neighbors command, 233, 236, 252show appletalk private command, ZIP storms,

242, 247show appletalk route, duplicate network numbers

and overlapping cable-ranges, 236, 244show appletalk route command

duplicate network numbers and overlapping cable-ranges, 236, 244

empty zone lists, 264ZIP storms, 242, 247

show appletalk traffic command, ZIP storms, 242, 246

show appletalk zones commandempty zone lists, 264invalid zone names in routing tables, 249

show arp command, incomplete ARP tables, 279show atm ilmi-status command, connecting to LAN

Emulation Configuration Servers (LECS), 596show atm pvc command, 621show atm vc command, 622show bridge command

broken bridging paths, 584hardware and media problems, 584host down, 584link errors, duplex mismatches, and

port errors, 589troubleshooting misconfigured Ethernet-to-

Token Ring address mapping, 289show buffers command, 12, 416, 418show cdp neighbors command, 12show clns interface command


ISO-IGRP process configurations, 359

show clns interface command


1012

show clns is-neighbors detail command, parallel bridges and repeaters, 360

show clns neighbors command, routers, 348, 353show clns neighbors detail command

end systems (ESs), 346parallel bridges and repeaters, 360

show clns route command, routers, 348, 354show commands, 11–12show controller, 621show controller command, 621show controller e1, error events, 445show controller e1 command, 440–446

error events, 445troubleshooting PRIs, 448

show controller t1 call-counters command, 466show controller t1 command, 429–431

error events, 434line code violations, 435troubleshooting PRIs, 437

show controllers command, 12show controllers serial command, serial lines,

405–406show debugging command, 12show decnet access-list command, misconfigured

access lists, 327show decnet interface command

actual and configured costs, 326actual and configured hops, 326Connectionless Network Service (CLNS) and

DECnet protocols, 336enabling DECnet protocol, 325router priority, 330timer mismatches, 338

show decnet route commandactual and configured costs, 326actual and configured hops, 326bidirectional adjacencies, nodes, 331, 334

show decnet traffic command, DECnet traffic, 337show dialer map command, 485–486show executor characteristics command,

misconfigured end nodes, 322show extended channel slot/port stat command, host

misconfigurations, 312show extended channel slot/port statistics command,

308, 310show extended channel slot/port subchannel

command, CHPIDs offline to hosts, 309

show flash all command, 875show flash command, 12show frame-relay map command, 555

encapsulation mismatches, 552, 554misconfigured DLCI assignments, Frame Relay

protocol, 184show frame-relay pvc command

DLCI (data link connection identifier) assignments to wrong subinterfaces, 553–554

inactive or deleted data link connection identifiers (DLCIs), 552, 554

show interface atm (module/port) command, 614show interface command

closed peers, 305default gateway problems, HSRP, 599link errors, duplex mismatches, and

port errors, 589link flapping, 586media problems

SRT bridging, 293translational bridging, 289

Physical and Data Link layer problems, 300router connectivity, 164timer value mismatches, 255viewing changes, switches, 656

show interface serial x15 command, verifying configurations,

signaling channels, 44723 command, verifying signaling channels, 436

show interfaces command, 12, 588bidirectional adjacencies, nodes, 331, 334crossed serial circuits, 253Data Link layer, 307encapsulation mismatches, 184, 281, 388failures in sending keepalives, 552flapping routes, 205Full Frame Relay broadcast queue, Frame Relay

protocol, 185full input and output queues, 585hardware and media problems, 584Input and Output queues, 338link problems, propagating SAP packets, 202link problems, routers establishing

neighbors, 200media, 180, 338misconfigured addresses, 336processing SAP

updates, 196, 207, 209

show clns is-neighbors detail command, parallel bridges and repeaters


1013

Physical layer, 293, 307route flapping, 240–241, 244, 249router interfaces, 371, 383router interfaces

down, 181up/up interfaces, 480verifying interface state, 524

show interfaces ethernet command, 98–103show interfaces fddi command

fields, 116–123output, 115–116nonfunctional Fiber Distributed Data Interface

(FDDI) rings, 114syntax, 114

show interfaces serial commandcabling, hardware, and carrier problems, 551connection failures over X.25 links, 567CSU/DSU loopback tests, 421, 423dropped SAP updates from hub router output

queue, 208priority queuing, 420serial errors, X.25 links, 570troubleshooting serial lines, 393–405, 423–428type mismatches, Local Management Interface

(LMI), 552X.25 connections, 565–566

show interfaces serial x15 command, troubleshooting PRIs, 45023 command, 439

show interfaces token command, ring speed specification mismatches, 182

show interfaces tokenring command, Token Ring networks, 130–136

show interfacesj command, hello packet exchanges, 329

show ip route a.b.c.d command, 621show ip route command

missing or misconfigured IP routes, 311remote peer routes, 280

show ipx eigrp command, link problems, 200show ipx eigrp neighbors command, routers stuck in

active mode, 204show ipx interface command

mismatches, Ethernet encapsulationmethods, 181

missing ipx network commands, 190, 198show ipx interfaces command, RIP timer

mismatches, 191, 206

show ipx route commandduplicate network numbers, 182route redistributions, 193

show ipx servers commanddropped SAP updates from hub router output

queue, 208duplicate network numbers, 182processing SAP updates, 196, 207, 209

show ipx traffic commandback-door bridges between segments, 183

show isdn service command, 475show isdn status command, 473–474, 476

ISDN connection failures, outbound calls, 527PRIs, 437troubleshooting PRIs, 437, 448

show isis database detail command, troubleshooting routers, 348, 354

show known circuit characteristics command, misconfigured end nodes, 322

show lane client commandATM signaling, 599LAN Emulation Client (LEC) failures, 595output, 605–608

show lane client name command, 598show lane config command

connecting to LAN Emulation Configuration Servers (LECS), 597

show lane default commandconnecting to LAN Emulation Configuration

Servers (LECS), 596connecting to LAN Emulation Servers

(LES), 597show lane server command, connecting to LAN

Emulation Configuration Servers (LECS), 597show line command

async modem call pickups, 511disabled modem control, 521–522enabling modem control, 456finding auxiliary port numbers, 455hardware flow control configurations, 515, 518incorrect modem cabling, 457, 522line configurations, no exec command, 517rotary groups, 458–461unlocked modem speed settings, 513, 518, 520

show lnm station command, end system misconfigurations, 283

show lnm station command, end system misconfigurations


1014

show logging command, 437, 705setting spanning tree logging, 691–692troubleshooting PRIs, 448

show mac command, 668, 682show memory command, 163show memory summary command, 12show modem call-stats command, 463show modem command, 462–463show modem connect-speeds command, 464show modem operational-status command, 464–465show modem summary command, 462–463show modemcap modem-name command, 454show module command, 660, 681show netbios name-cache command, explorer

traffic, 284show netbios-cache command, NetBIOS name

cache mapping, 286show port 1/1 command, 644–649, 654show port capabilities 1/1 command, 643–644show port capabilities command, 661–662,

653–654, 664, 681, 705show port channel 2 command, 704–705show port channel command, 675–678, 681,

688–689, 704–705verifying EtherChannel configurations, 667

show port command, 681, 695, 704–705show port mod_num/port_num command

autonegotiation, 642show port spantree 2/1 command, 704show process cpu command, 12, 163show process memory command, 163show protocol route command

troubleshooting exceeded hop counts, 276, 282show rif command

troubleshooting incomplete ARP tables, 279troubleshooting misconfigured

Ethernet-to-Token Ring addressmapping, 290

troubleshooting NetBIOS name cache mapping, 285

show running commandtroubleshooting spanning explorers, 277

show running-configincoming calls, ISDN lines, 509missing ipx type-20-propagation

commands, 188

show running-config command, 12, 234, 704, 706access list misconfigurations, dialer lists, 187address mapping errors, 184, 374–375, 388AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP enabled on network

with connected Macintosh computers, 254AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP not configured on

routers, 254AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP not enabled on

interfaces, 255–256broadcast forwarding, 377broadcast keywords in frame-relay map

statements, 556checking IP addresses, interfaces, 440closed peers, 305duplicate node numbers,

routers, 182decnet max-area value, 333enabling DECnet protocol, 325, 328enabling IPX RIP protocols on networks, 198enabling Xerox Network Systems (XNS)

protocols on routers, 383end node and router area number

mismatches, 329explorer traffic, 281hello and hold-time timer mismatches, 200incoming calls, ISDN lines, 509incorrect routing, outbound calls, 525invalid zone names in routing tables, 248IPX RIP and IPX Enhanced IGRP protocols

enabled on same interface, 210misconfigurations, dialer map commands, 516misconfigurations, x25 map command, 568misconfigured active timer values, 204misconfigured addresses, 336misconfigured

AURP tunnels, 260misconfigured bridging filters, 585misconfigured dialer maps, 525misconfigured dialer profiles, 525misconfigured filters, 198misconfigured IPX Enhanced IGRP

protocol, 197misconfigured IPX RIP routing, 189misconfigured network filters, 192misconfigured SAP filters, 201misconfigured timer values, 258missing and incorrect interesting traffic

definitions, 524

show logging command


1015

missing and misconfigured multicast addresses, SMDS, 186

missing and misconfigured RIP and SAP statements, 187

missing or misconfigured default-metric commands, 357

missing or misconfigured distance commands, 358

missing or misconfigured xns helper-address commands, 386missing commands, 260–261, 263–264

missing ipx helper-address commands, 188missing ipx type-20-propagation

commands, 188missing multiring commands, 278missing vines serverless and vines arp-enable

commands, 372–373missing xns forward-protocol commands, 387misordered sequence numbers, 356NetBIOS name cache mapping, 286node address ranges, 328, 333physical layer, 294PRIs, 450propagating RIP updates, 191PVC set ups, 375, 377ring number mismatches, 275ring speed mismatches, 130RIP configurations, 311route redistributions, 193, 199router configurations, 349routers in different autonomous systems, 200running RTMP and AppleTalk Enhanced IGRP

simultaneously on same interface, 257SABME messages, 438SAP filter misconfigurations, 194SAP timer mismatches, 194, 206SDLC timing problems, 299sending SAP updates, 202, 207SNRM and XID frames, 306status line conditions, serial lines, 397–398test frames, 300timer value mismatches, 255XID frames, 302verifying configurations, isdn switchtypes and

pri-groups, 436, 447

verifying interface protocol configurations, Network Control Protocol (NCP), 538

verifying PortFast is enabled, 697show source-bridge command

explorer traffic, 281, 284missing or misconfigured source-bridge

remote-peer commands, 279spanning explorers, 277

show span commandbroken bridging paths, 584changes in root bridges, 586link flapping, 586misconfigured bridging domains, 589Spanning-Tree Algorithm (STA)

mismatches, 588show spanning command, misconfigured

Ethernet-to-Token Ring address mapping, 289show spanning-tree interface FastEthernet 0/1

command, 704–705show spanning-tree interface fastEthernet 0/1

command, verifying PortFast is enabled, 697show spantree 1 command, 704–705show spantree command, 667, 681, 688show stack command, stack traces, 879show stacks command, 12show startup-config command, 12show stun command


show tech command, system crashes, 880show tech-support, 938show tech-support command, 938show time command, 692–693, 696, 705show trunk 1/1 command, 654–655show trunk 2 command, 704–705show trunk command, 681show trunk mod_num/port_num command

trunking, 652show version command, 12, 681

displaying IOS version and configuration, 690–691

hardware problems, 309old IOS releases, 309router connectivity, 164viewing processor types, 880

show vines access-list command, misconfigured access lists, 373

show vines access-list command, misconfigured access lists


1016

show vines command, metric values, 372show vines route command, addressing

problems, 371show vtp domain command, trunking, 652show xns access-list command, misconfigured

access lists, 384show xns interface command, mismatched network

numbers, 383show xns traffic command, backdoor bridges

between segments, 385shut command, 705shutdown command

administratively down interfaces, 524DLCI (data link connection identifier)

assignments to wrong subinterfaces, 553–554standby mode, interfaces, 524status line conditions, serial lines, 398

shutting down ports, 699signaling

ATM, 599–600fast link pulses, 94normal link pulses (NLPs), 94

signaling channelsverifying, 436verifying configurations, 447

signalsalarm indication (AIS), 432–434control, flow control conflicts, 63lost

E1 lines, 442–443receivers, 431

transmitters sending remote alarms, 433Signo column, Process Failures table, 744simple flow control (optional) extension, 545Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), 150, 167Simple Network Management Protocol

(SNMP), 150single-attachment stations (SASs), 107

forwarding over hub routers, Frame Relay protocol, 185

unverified, 211–217single-mode fiber, 106size settings, EPROM, 59slip secs counter, 435, 446slot value, show interfaces ethernet command, 99slow performance, networks, 209–210

SMDS, missing and misconfigured multicast addresses, 186

smds keyword, 389smds multicast ipx command, missing and

misconfigured multicast addresses, SMDS, 186smds static-map ipx command, address mapping

errors, 184SMT (Station Management), 106SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), 150, 167sniffers, 18SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol),

150, 167SNMP error messages, interpreting, 816snpa value, 347, 351SNRM frames, 305–307socket numbers, 381SOF (start-of-frame) delimiters, 96software

AtmDirector, 801–807Cisco IOS, older versions, 256–259CiscoView, 813–816CiscoWorks, installing on servers, 742TrafficDirector, 808–813Virtual Profiles, 498–502VlanDirector, 795–801

Software Bug Toolkit, 942software field, flowcontrol hardware command, 515software problems, AppleTalk, 253software-forced crashes, 881Source Address field, 112, 144source addresses, 97, 562Source host number field, 380Source network number field, 368, 380source node field, 317Source Port and Destination Port field, 149Source socket number field, 380source subnetwork number field, 368source-bridge command

misconfigured, troubleshooting, 287–288troubleshooting ring number mismatches, 275

source-bridge proxy-explorer command, NetBIOS name cache mapping, 286

source-bridge remote-peer commandmissing or misconfigured, 279–280misconfigured source-bridge command, 288

source-bridge spanning command, explorer traffic, 281

show vines command, metric values


1017

source-destination-ip mode, 715source-route transparent (SRT) bridging, 271spanning explorers, forwarding, 277–278spanning trees

none implemented, 588setting logging, 691–692unstable, 586–587

spanning trees, none implemented, 588Spanning-Tree Algorithm (STA), 577, 579, 588spanning-tree maps, 632Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP), 630, 658, 684–685,

718–735spc field, show dialer map command, 486specifications

cables to routers out of, 415missing default gateway, TFTP servers, 52

speedEtherChannel, 686Ethernet links, 792ports, hard-coding, 645ports, setting, 695terminal settings, 61transmissions, Ethernet, 92

speed 56 | 64 field, show dialer map command, 486speed line command, unlocked modem speed

settings, 513, 518, 520speed mismatches, 535speed settings, unlocked in modems, 513–514,

518–521split ELANs, 598–599split horizons, 227split horizons, Frame Relay, 557spoofing up/up interfaces, 480–481SPP (Sequenced Packet Protocol), 177SPX (Sequenced Packet Exchange) protocol, 177SRB algorithm, 271–273SRBs

host connectivity to server, 274–278routers not functioning, 278–279

SRT bridging, troubleshooting client connectivity to server, 292–293

SRT. See source-route transparent bridgingSSRP redundanc, split ELANs, 598–599STA (Spanning-Tree Algorithm), 577, 579, 588Stack Decoder, 942stack groups, 496stack traces, 879

stacks, Banyan Virtual Integrated Network Service (VINES) protocol, 363

stamps, time, 534, 538standby mode, interfaces, 524Stanford University, 141star topology

Token Ring networks, 128Start delimiter field, 112Start Time column, Process Failures table, 744starting

clients and servers, NetSonar, 822CWSI Campus, 784–787CWSI Campus processes, 783processes, 763

start-of-frame (SOF) delimiters, 96startup

Catalyst 4000 switches, 86–88Catalyst 6000 switches, 63–67, 69–78, 80

startup delays, Catalyst switches, 686–689, 696–697, 701–703

State column, Process Failures table, 744statements

access-list, 199, 479access-list permit-1, dialer list

misconfigurations, 187access-lists, misconfigured network filters, 192deny, access lists, 480distribute-list, RIP configurations, 312frame-relay map, broadcast keywords, 556map, bidirectional adjacencies in nodes, 334mls rp ip, 712permit

misconfigured access lists, 240, 243, 327, 354–355, 374, 384, 387

misconfigured filters, 192, 195, 202, 199, 240, 243

RIP and SAP, missing and misconfigured, 187states

--- is... field, 120A, 118administratively down, 429, 441Administrator has shut down the server, 744ALS, 119aup, 430B, 118CFM is... field, 120check, 119

states


1018

confirm, 117deinsert, 119detect, 120directed, 120down/down, interfaces, 620–621Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP), 655E1 controllers, 441–442ECM is... field, 119errDisable, causes of, 636Failed to run, 744HLS, 119idle, 117ILS, 119in, 119insert, 119interface, verifying in outbound calls, 524interface status line, show interfaces serial

command, 394–398isolated, 120leave, 119LSU, 118M, 118MLS, 118modem hardware, show line command output,

459–461negotiation, show interfaces fddi command, 117neighbors, 118NLS, 118non_op, 120non_op_dup, 120operation, 117out, 119OVUF, 119path_test, 119QLS, 119request, 117ring_op, 120ring_op_dup, 120S, 118show controller t1 command, 429–431trace, 119–120unk, 118up, 430–431, 441wrap_a, 120wrap_b, 120wrap_s, 120

static address assignments, 366

static routes, 481–482static routing, 147Station Management (SMT), 106stations, dual- and single-attachment, 107status

devices and links, checking with AtmDirector, 803

PortFast, viewing, 703ports, viewing, 695

status field, 118–119status lights, switches, 639status-enquiry messages, 547Stop Time column, Process Failures table, 744stopping

CWSI Campus processes, 783processes, 763–764

stormsbroadcast, transparent bridging, 588–589ZIP, 242, 246–247

STP. See Spanning-Tree Protocolstraight-through RJ-45 cables, 635StrataCom, 543StreetTalk, 370strikes by lightning, 405strings

&D3, sensing DTRs in modems, 522community, CWSI Campus, 788–789

STUN (serial tunnels), 304stun route command

closed peers, 305SNRM and XID frames, 306

subfieldsD bit, 273Length, 273Routing Control field, 273type, 273See also fields

subinterfaces, incorrect assignments to, 553–554subnet masks, 146subnets, 145–146Succ Pct. field, show modem command, 463Superframe Format (SF) framing, 413Supervisory (S) frames, 269, 564support

EtherChannel, network interface cards (NICs), 684

EtherChannel, ports, 661–662

states


1019

routers, American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards, 341

routing information fields (RIFs), 276technical

CCO, 941, 943gathering information about

internetworks, 937–941supported values, 117Sustainable Cell Rate (SCR), 617SVC (switched virtual circuits), 544, 561, 563Switch Agent Test, interpreting messages, 812–813switched virtual circuits (SVCs), 544, 561, 563switches, 559

ATM, 611bypass, troubleshooting, 114Catalyst 6000 series, startup, 63–67, 69–78, 80hardware problems, serial lines, 404–405LAN, booting problems, 40–43testing, 810transparent, dragging ports, 796

switchingdata-link (DLSw), 267LAN, 627–631

configuring EtherChannel switch-to-switch connections, Catalyst switches, 658–682

Ethernet autonegotiation, 639–650fixing end-station startup connectivity

problems, 682–706general troubleshooting suggestions, 632Inter-Switch Link (ISL) trunks, Catalyst

switches, 650–658Multilayer Switching (MLS), 706–718port connectivity, 633– 639Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP), 658,

718–735SwitchProbe devices

NetFlow option, 808security, 809–810

switchtypes, isdn, 436synchronous traffic, 108syntax, 114

clns es-neighbor command, 347, 351clns router command, 336config-register command, 856debug packet if_name command, 837decnet map command, 334

decnet router-priority command, 330–332default-metric command, 357distance command, 357–358enable password command, 853encapsulation command, 388flowcontrol hardware command, 515frame-relay broadcast-queue size byte-rate

packet-rate command, 185frame-relay map value, 376–377ipx helper-address command, 189ipx network command, 190ipx output-sap-delay command, 196ipx routing command, 197ipx sap-interval command, 194netstat -rn command, 346no clns command, 336password line command, 854route-map command, 356–357show dialer map protocol, 485show interfaces ethernet command, 99show interfaces fddi command, 114show interfaces serial command, 424show interfaces tokenring command, 132show vines route command, 372show-running-config command, 516speed line command, 514, 519–520tell command, 323vines arp-enable command, 373vines serverless command, 373x25 map vines command, 375xns forward-protocol command, 387xns helper-address command, 386

SysName fieldAgent Test, 812Switch Agent Test, 813

system bannersCatalyst 2900 LAN switches, 42–43Catalyst 5000 LAN switches, 40Cisco 2500 routers, 38Cisco 4000 routers, 36Cisco 7000 routers, 33Cisco 7500 series routers, 29–30

system buffers, tuning, 416–418system crashes, 879–880, 882system error messages, copying, 13system images, none in Flash memory, 49system-regexp field, show dialer map command, 486

system-regexp field, show dialer map command


1020

systemsautonomous, routers in different, 200end (ES), 342, 346–347, 350–353intermediate (IS), 342operating, corruption, 639performance, cvinstall.cshrc and cvinstall.sh

files, 814priority, Token Ring networks, 128

system-script field, show dialer map command, 486

TT reference point, 468T1 circuits, 405, 429–440T1 timers, misconfigured, 285tables

ARP, incomplete, 279Content Addressable Memory (CAM), 629Process Failures, 744, 762routing


invalid zone names, 248–249missing routes, 256NSAP addresses, 344Routing Table Protocol (RTP), 368Routing Table Maintenance Protocol

(RTMP), 224zone information (ZIT), 225

TAC. See Technical Assistance CenterTandem Computers, 379TCP. See Transmission Control ProtocolTCP/IP. See Transmission Control Protocol/Internet

ProtocolTDM (time-division multiplexing), 544TDR. See time domain reflectorsTE1 (terminal equipment type 1), 467TE2 (terminal equipment type 2), 467Technical Assistance Center (TAC), 169–170,

624, 632LAN Emulation (LANE) network

troubleshooting, 609troubleshooting ISDN connections, 540troubleshooting services, 942–943

technical supportCCO, 941, 943gathering information about internetworks,

937–941tell command, unrecognized objects, 323Telnet protocol, 150

connectivity problems, 168reverse sessions, 454–457

terminal equipment type 1 (TE1), 467terminal equipment type 2 (TE2), 467terminal monitor command, 13, 448terminal speed settings, 61terminal timing, serial clock transmit external

(SCTE), 413terminals

collecting data from routers, 939console, disabling logging, 13flow control configurations, 63unresponsive connections, unconfigured access

servers, 62–63terminating

processes, 763–764sessions, 587

Test Agent, 810–812test frames

replies to, 301sending, 300

testersbit/block error rate (BERT/BLERT), 19cable, 18

testingagents and switches, 810connectivity, 166–167core dumps, 876database connections, CWSI Campus, 760equipment, fiber-optic cables, 18replacement parts, 44

testsCSU/DSU loopback, 420–423extended ping, 409–411hardware loopback plug

PRIs, 439–440timing, Catalyst switches, 689–703

TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol), 873–874TFTP servers, booting routers from, 51–53tftp-server command, 54third-party tools, 17–18, 20

systems


1021

time, verifying, 692time domain reflectors (TDRs), 18–19time exceeded error message, 15time stamps, Link Control Protocol (LCP)

negotiation details, 534, 538time-division multiplexing (TDM), 544timeout error message, SNMP, 816timeouts

client ARP requests during network boots, 57–58

local, booting from ROM, 62network booting failures, 55–56routers, 28watchdog, 882

timer mismatches, hello and hold-time, 200timer values

misconfigured, 258mismatched, 255–256

timersmismatches, 338

RIP, 191, 206SAP, 194, 206

T1, misconfigured, 285timers active-time command, misconfigured timer

values, 204, 258time-to-live (TTL) value, 15Time-to-Live field, 144timing

ports, 696SDLC protocol, 299terminal, serial clock transmit external

(SCTE), 413timing tests, Catalyst switches, 689–703toggling routing node adjancencies, 334token frames, formats, 129token passing, 126Token Ring is {up | down} field, 133Token Ring is Administratively Down field, 134Token Ring is Initializing field, 133Token Ring is Reset field, 133Token Ring networks

connectivity problems, 159fault tolerance, 128frame bridging, 293media problems, 130, 132, 134, 136physical connections, 127priority system, 128

similarities to Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), 105

troubleshooting, 125–136virtual addresses, 303–304

token rotation field, 120TokenTalk, 221tolerance, fault, 128Too many moves error message, 716–717tooBig error message, SNMP, 816tools

Automated TAC Case Management, 942Cisco Dialout, verifying configurations, 457CiscoView, 15–16Hardware/Software Compatibility Matrix, 942Internetwork Performance Monitor (IPM),

15–17Open Q&A Forum, 942ping, 151, 153Software Bug Toolkit, 942Stack Decoder, 942traceroute, 153–154TrafficDirector RMON, 15, 17troubleshooting

network management, 15–17router diagnostic commands, 11–15third-party, 17–18, 20

Troubleshooting Assistant, 942troubleshooting, Essentials, 743–745VlanDirector, 16–17

topology, star, 128Topology Client, 781TOS field, 143Total Length field, 144total parameter, 417trace command

enabling, 782misconfigured access lists, 354–355packet routing, Level 2 routers, 352routers, 348, 353

trace commands, 11, 14–15trace state, 119–120traceroute tool, 153–154traces, stack, 879traces field, 123track on command, misconfigured clients and

servers, 179

track on command, misconfigured clients and servers


1022

trafficasynchronous, 108congestion control, Frame Relay, 546DECnet protocol, troubleshooting, 337explorer, 281, 284Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), 108forwarding, bridges, 576interface, input errors in serial lines, 400–401ports, 638synchronous, 108

traffic analyzers, 620traffic shaping, 616–617TrafficDirector, 782, 808–813TrafficDirector RMON, 15, 17trainup failures, 512transactions, 228transceiver cables, 96transferring, 329

files, CiscoSecure Intrusion Detection System (IDS) (NetRanger), 833, 835

large framestroubleshooting, 293

transitions, CD, 404transitions counts, serial links, 404–405transitions field, 123, 136translation, network addreses, 164translational bridging, client connectivity to server,

289–292Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), 141, 379, 618Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

(TCP/IP), 141–142, 308addressing, 144, 146Domain Name System (DNS), 150Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP),

147–148Network layer, 143–144routing, 147tools for troubleshooting, 151, 153–157Transport Control Protocol (TCP), 148–149Transport layer, 148troubleshooting, 158, 308upper-layer protocols, 149–150User Datagram Protocol (UDP), 149

transmissionscollisions, 91excessive, transitional bridging, 587speed, Ethernet, 92

transmit (Tx) alarm indication signal (AIS), 434transmit (Tx) remote alarm indication signal

(AIS), 434transmit clocks, inverting, 415transmitters, remote alarms (E1 lines), 444–445transmitters sending remote alarms, 433transparent bridging, 575–576

access list numbering, 478broadcast storms, 588–589connectivity, 583–585Cisco router techniques, 581–582frame formats, 579loops, 576–577, 588–589message formats, 580session terminations, 587Spanning-Tree Algorithm (STA), 577, 579unstable spanning trees, 586–587

transparent bridging algorithm, 629–630transparent switches, dragging ports, 796Transport control field, 175, 368, 380Transport Control Protocol (TCP), 148–149transport input telnet command, 455Transport layer

AppleTalk, 224–229Banyan Virtual Integrated Network Service

(VINES) protocol, 370DECnet protocol, 320Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX)

protocol, 177Transmission Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol (TCP/IP), 148Xerox Network Systems (XNS) protocols, 381

transporting frames and packets over WAN backbones, 611–612, 618–621

connectivity problems, 618–621mapping between destination addresses and

PVCs, 618segmentation and reassembly, AAL5 frames,

613–614, 616traffic shaping and policing, 616–617troubleshooting commands, 622–624variable bit rate, non-real time (VBR-NRT),

617–618trees, spanning, 586–588, 691–692triggering dials, 476–482, 484trims parameter, 418

traffic


1023

Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP), generating core dumps, 873–874

trunksInter-Switch (ISL), Catalyst switches, 650

TTL. See time-to-live valuetuning

parameters, Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP), 723, 735

system buffers, 416–418tunnel destination command, misconfigured AURP

tunnels, 260tunnel source command, misconfigured AURP

tunnels, 260tunnels

AppleTalk, 226AURP

misconfigurations, 260routes not propagated through, 259–260

fully connected, 227multipoint, 227partially connected, 227point-to-point, 227shaped VP, 599

Tx (transmit) alarm indication signal (AIS), 434Tx (transmit) remote alarm indication signal

(AIS), 434type field, Ethernet and IEEE 802.3, 97type mismatches, Local Management Interface

(LMI), 552Type subfield, 273Type-of-Service field, 143

UU (Unnumbered) frames, 270, 564U reference point, 468U return code, 153U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), 379UDLD (Unidirectional Link Detection)

protocol, 637configuring, Spanning-Tree Protocol

(STP), 735UDP (User Datagram Protocol), 27, 149, 227unavailable network services, 244–245, 247unconfigured access servers, unresponsive terminal

connections, 62–63

undebug sanity command, 875undefined load module errors, 59underruns field, 103, 123, 136, 428Ungermann-Bass, Inc., 379Unidirectional Link Detection (UDLD) protocol,

637, 735unidirectional links, 589, 721unit value, show interfaces ethernet command, 99UNIX workstations, collecting data from routers,

939unk state, 118unknown devices, OID as name, 793unlocked modem speed settings, 513–514, 518–521Unnumbered (U) frames, 270, 564unnumbered information indicators, 547unrecognized objects, 323Unreliable datagram service, 370unresponsive terminal connections, unconfigured

access servers, 62–63unstable routes, 240–241, 244–246, 249–250, 259unstable spanning trees, 586–587up state, 430–431, 441up/up interfaces, 480–481updates

periodic SAP, bandwidth, 210RIP, propagating in routers, 191SAP

dropped from hub router output queue, 208

incremental, 202, 207processing, 196, 207, 209servers not sending, 195

upgradesEssentials, logging in after, 745PIX firewalls, 848

Upper-Layer Data field, 176upper-layer protocols

AppleTalk, 229Banyan Virtual Integrated Network Service

(VINES), 370connectivity problems, 164–166, 168DECnet protocol, 320Transmission Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol (TCP/IP), 149–150Xerox Network Systems (XNS) protocols, 382

upper-layer protocols


1024

UpSince fieldAgent Test, 812Switch Agent Test, 813

Upstream | downstream neighbor field, 121upstream neighbors, failures, 114Urgent Pointer field, 149URLs, transparent bridging resources, 590User Datagram Protocol (UDP), 27, 149, 227user licenses, 179username name password password command,

authentication failures, Point-to-Point (PPP) protocol, 536

UserTracking Client, 781utilities. See tools

VV.8bis, trainup failures, 512valid community strings, CWSI Campus, 788–789value value, 330–332, 357–358

decnet router priority command, 322values, 377

active timer, misconfigurations, 204address, 372, 376broadcast, 373, 376cause, ISDN connection failures, 529–530cisco, 376clns es-neighbor command, 347, 351cyclic redundancy check (CRC), 97data link connection identifiers (DLCIs), 545decnet hello-time command, 322decnet map command, 334decnet max-area, 333decnet router-priority command, 322, 330–332default-metric command, 357distance command, 357–358dlci, 376dynamic, 373first-network, 334frame-relay map value, 376hardware-options, 377host, 386map-tag, 356metric, 372network, 386not supported, 117

nsap, 347, 351number, 357option, 376port, show interfaces ethernet command, 99port-adapter, show interfaces ethernet

command, 99protocol, 376, 387protocol-address, 376real-address, 334recompute, 372route-map command, 356–357seconds, decnet hello-time value, 322sequence-number, 357slot, show interfaces ethernet command, 99snpa, 347, 351status field, 118supported, 117timer

misconfigured, 258mismatched, 255–256

time-to-live (TTL), 15unit, show interfaces ethernet command, 99value, 322, 330–332, 357–358vines arp-enable command, 373vines routing command, 372vines serverless command, 373virtual-address, 334x121-address, 376x25 map vines command, 376xns forward-protocol, 387xns helper-address command, 386

variable bit rate, non-real time (VBR-NRT), 617–618

VBR-NRT (variable bit rate, non-real time), 617–618

vector errors, booting routers from Flash memory, 47–48

vendor code mismatches, 291–292verifying, 447, 539

access control lists (ACLs), 164blocked ports, 725–727chat scripts, outbound calls, 526–527configurations

Cisco Dialout Utility, 457isdn switchtypes and pri-groups, 436

connectivity problems, configurations, 159, 161connectivity, routers, 163–164

UpSince field


1025

dialer operation, outbound calls, 523–524EtherChannel configurations, 667–668files and directories after installing Essentials,

746–748interface addresses, Network Control Protocol

(NCP), 539interface protocol configurations, Network

Control Protocol (NCP), 538interface states, outbound calls, 524local connectivity, 160networks, AtmDirector, 803–804port connections, EtherChannel, 662–663port support, EtherChannel, 661–662PortFast configurations, commands, 704PortFast is enabled, 697, 702PortFast is off, 699–700replacement parts, 44router resources, 163server address configurations, 539signal channels, 436status of devices and links, AtmDirector, 803time, 692

Version field, 143viewing

data from scans, NetSonar, 822devices, CiscoView, 814–815discrepandy reports, 793–795IOS version and configuration, 690–691port status, 695PortFast status, 703Process Failures, Essentials, 744processor types, show version command, 880registered NBP names, 238serial interface information, 423–424

vines arp-enable, 372–373vines arp-enable command, 372–373VINES Internetwork Protocol (VIP), 364, 366, 368vines metric command, metric values, 372vines propagate command, broadcast

forwarding, 377vines serverless, 372–373vines serverless broadcast command, broadcast

forwarding, 377vines serverless command, 372–373VINES. See Banyan Virtual Integrated Network

Service protocol

violationsline code, 435, 446Phase 1 and 2 rules, 236–239, 252

VIP. See VINES Internetwork ProtocolVIP2, memory maps, 932, 934virtual access interfaces, configurations, 500, 502virtual circuit operational procedures, Layer 3 X.25

protocol, 563virtual circuit status messages (common)

extension, 545virtual circuits, 543, 561virtual local-area networks. See VLANsVirtual Profiles, 498–502virtual template interfaces, 501virtual Token Ring addresses, troubleshooting, 303Virtual Trunking Protocol (VTP), MLS-RP and

MLS-SE components, 714–715virtual-address value, 334VLAN Monitoring field, Agent Test, 811VlanDirector, 16–17, 795–801VlanDirector Client, 781VLANs (virtual local-area networks), 628, 630, 632,

637, 650, 655administrative, Spanning-Tree Protocol

(STP), 734MLS-SE component, 711–712pruning, Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP),

731–732volt-ohm meters, 18VP tunnels, shaped, 599VTP (Virtual Trunking Protocol)

enabling, 795MLS-RP and MLS-SE components, 714–715

VTP servers, 795

WWANs. See wide-area networkswatchdog timeouts, 882Web addresses, transparent bridging resources, 590Web servers, accessing externally, PIX Firewall,

841–842wide-area networks (WANs), 285

Frame Relay protocol, 544Internet protocols, 142

wide-area networks (WANs)


1026

transporting packets over, 611–612connectivity problems, 618–621mapping between destination addresses


frames, 613–616traffic shaping and policing, 616–617troubleshooting commands, 622–624variable bit rate, non-real time

(VBR-NRT), 617–618troubleshooting links, 285

Window field, 149workstations, 189, 683

installing CWSI Campus on, 786no default gateways on, 557UNIX, collecting data from routers, 939

wrap_a state, 120wrap_b state, 120wrap_s state, 120wrapping dual rings, 109Write Community field


write core command, 876write memory command, 440, 855

saving routing configurations, 440

XX, red on devices, 790X Windows protocol, 150X.121 addresses, 562X.21 bis physical layer protocol, 564X.25 protocol vs. Frame Relay, 543–544X.25 protocol connections

characteristics of, 559, 561failures over X.25 links, 566–569frame formats, 561, 563–564serial errors, X.25 links, 569–570show interfaces serial command, 565–566

x121-address value, 376x25 map command, misconfigurations, 568–569x25 map ipx command, address mapping errors, 184x25 map vines command, address mapping errors,

374–375

x25 map xns command, address mapping errors, 388x25 pvc n vines address command, troubleshooting

PVC set ups, 375, 377Xerox Corporation, 91Xerox Network Systems (XNS) protocols, 173

network layer, 379–381server and router connections, troubleshooting,

382–383, 385transport layer, 381troubleshooting, 379–389upper-layer, 382See also Banyan Virtual Integrated Network

Service protocolXID frames, 302–307xmodem, boot loader recovery, 71–73XNS. See Xerox Network Systems protocolsxns forward-protocol command, missing, 387xns helper-address command, missing or

misconfigured, 386–387xns input-network-filter command, backdoor bridges

between segments, 385xns network command, mismatched router network

numbers, 384XNS protocols. See Xerox Network Systems

protocolsxns routing command, enabling Xerox Network

Systems (XNS) protocols on routers, 383XO (exactly once) transactions, 228

Y–Zy1 field, 528y2 field, 528

z1 field, 528z2 field, 528ZIP (Zone Information Protocol), 225zip format, submitting information to Assistance

Center (TAC), 943ZIP storms, 242, 246–247ZITs (Zone Information Tables), 225Zone Information Protocol (ZIP), 225zone information tables (ZITs), 225zone lists, empty, 264zone names, routing tables, 248–249

wide-area networks (WANs)


1027

zonesaccessing, 235–237, 239AppleTalk, 223–225AppleTalk discovery mode, 233–234changing names, AppleTalk networks, 233missing from Chooser, 239–243none associated with routes, FDDITalk,

260–261phantom in Chooser, 247, 249too many in internetwork, 243

zones


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