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Page from a Postilla of Nicholas de Lyra in the John Rylands Library.Italy. Completed in 1402.

BULLETIN OF

The John Rylands LibraryManchester

Published with the aid of the Francis Neilson Fund

VOL. 47 SEPTEMBER, 1964 No. 1

INOTES AND NEWS

T is with deep regret that we record the death in Canada in April of Emeritus Professor Edward Robertson

EMERITUS PROFESSOR EDWARD ROBERTSON

within two years of relinquishing his position as Director of this Library. After his retirement his interest in the Library remained unabated. He was always eager for news and anxious to help it in any way he could. At his death he was engaged in editing, with translations, the voluminous correspondence exchanged between Dr. Moses Gaster and members of the Samaritan community in Nablus in furtherance of Dr. Caster's desire to secure either the originals or copies of manuscripts in their possession. This work, un­ happily, he was unable to complete but his notes have been presented to the Library by his family and will be available here with the letters for future students of the subject.

A tribute was paid in these pages to Professor Robertson's devoted service to the Library at the time of his retirement. This service followed a long and distinguished career as a teacher, and it is not inappropriate to quote here, with the per­ mission of the Vice-Chancellor, Sir William Mansfield Cooper, from the resolution adopted by the Council and Senate of the University of Manchester :

Many of us remember Edward Robertson only during his long, glorious, and benign reign at the John Rylands Library. It is easy to forget that this was his second career, and that he had previously occupied our Chair of Semitic Languages and Literatures for eleven years. It had been a notable tenure. His own research work was done principally, though not exclusively, in the rather recondite field of Samaritan studies, to which he made memorable contributions, but his interests and his competence as a scholar were very wide... . Robertson was an admirable teacher, combining natural dignity with great charm, meticulous in his standards, but tolerant, patient, and always approachable. He was not a

1

2 THE JOHN RYLANDS LIBRARYprolific writer but he probably never had to retract a sentence he had written. His energy was remarkable. In 1962, at the age of eighty-two, he retired from the John Rylands Library and went to live in Canada, but his career as a pro­ ductive scholar was even then not at an end. Only a few days before his death his friends received an offprint of a very interesting and original article on a particularly intractable problem of Old Testament scholarship.

Nicholas de Lyra was one of the most famous of medieval exegetes and manuscripts of his Commentary on the -^g. Bible are hardly rare. The Library has one FRONTIS- example, however, which is perhaps of interest for its decoration and provenance and a page from it is reproduced as the frontispiece to this number. Formerly in the Bibliotheca Lindesiana, for which it was acquired in 1866 by Lord Lindsay, afterwards 25th Earl of Crawford, it comprises more than 700 folios, richly adorned throughout with over eighty elaborate borders in gold and colours, well over 100 large historiated initials and several hundreds of smaller decorated initials. It was com­ missioned by Pandolfo di Malatesta, as a colophon informs us, and written by Fr. Ugolino Marini Gibertuzzi of Sarnano, who com­ pleted it in the Franciscan house at Pesaro in April 1402. Each of the three volumes in which it is arranged has the Malatesta arms at the foot of its opening page. Subsequently it came into the possession of Ludovico Gonzaga, 2nd Marquis of Mantua, no doubt through his mother Paola (Malatesta), who died about the middle of the century, and on 24 March 1469 he presented it to the convent of St. Francis at Mantua.

Among the various collections in the Library's Manuscript Department probably the least known is that M0_so relating to the Mo-so (Na-khi) of South-West China. MANU- The late Dr. Joseph F. Rock of the Harvard- Yenching Institute, the recognized authority on this people, had arranged to describe these manuscripts in the BULLETIN but died before he had completed his examination, although he was able to draw on certain items for his account of one of their funeral ceremonies, published in Studio Instituti Anthropos, vol. 9. Students of the Mo-so are hardly numerous and it was feared that with his death work on the collection would come to a halt. Fortunately this has not been so, for another examination of it

NOTES AND NEWS 3has been undertaken by Mr. Anthony Jackson of the Institute of Anthropology at the University of Gothenburg, who is preparing a study of the Mo-so and their culture.

A non-Chinese speaking people, they live mainly in the Yangtze loop in Vim-nan, where is their ancient capital Li- chiang, and in the valley of the Mekong immediately to the east of Upper Burma. Until recent years they led an isolated exis­ tence, developing a culture little influenced by their neighbours, with the possible exception of the Tibetans. They possess two types of writing, pictographic and syllabic, invented by their dto-mbas or priests, in which their legends and extensive Bon shamanistic rituals are preserved. The bulk of the surviving manuscripts in these scripts is in Marburg. The Rylands collection, apparently the largest single one in this country, consists of 135 manuscripts and several fragments and was acquired at different times between 1916 and 1920 from Mr. George Forrest, who, with Dr. Rock, was one of the few Europeans to have lived in Li-chiang. Mo-so manuscripts fall into two main types, those used for divination and those from which their numerous propitiation and other ceremonies were chanted. Our collection consists principally of the latter, in the form of oblong booklets, generally measuring about 3| inches high and lOf inches long. They are made from a thick bark paper, sewn on the left, and have covers of even thicker paper bearing the name of the ceremony for which they were used. Dr. Rock described them as " very old " and as coming, with a few exceptions, not from Li-chiang itself but from outlying districts, such as La-pao, Pai- sha and the Wei-hsi region. They include some which are decorated in a style reminiscent of that of the three brothers known as Dto-la, all dto-mbas, who were illuminating Mo-so manuscripts during the last century of the Ming dynasty.

In April, as part of the celebration of the quatercentenary of the birth of Shakespeare, an exhibition of first editions SHAKESof the poet's work, of his sources, and of books current PEARE

« . . i i iv/r T *i TI EXHIBITION in his time was arranged in the Main Library. 1 hecopy on view of the "First Folio", 1623, the first collected edition of his plays, before coming into the possession of the 2nd

4 THE JOHN RYLANDS LIBRARYEarl Spencer and later of Mrs. Rylands, belonged successively to two famous Shakespearean scholars, Theobald and Steevens. It lies open at the famous Droeshout portrait, alongside copies of the three later folio editions of 1632, 1664 and 1685. Of the first editions of " Venus and Adonis ", Lucrece ", and the quarto editions of the plays, the Library can only exhibit facsimiles from its own resources, but, by the kindness of Dr. M. Tyson, the Manchester University Library copy of the first quarto edition, 1634, of "The Two Noble Kinsmen" is displayed. An interesting copy of the " Sonnets ", 1609, bearing on the title page in a contemporary hand the price, " 5d ", at which it was sold, is shown with a copy of the 1640 edition of the " Poems ". With them is an example of the forgeries perpetrated by William Henry Ireland. On the title page of a copy of Robartes, " The Revenve Of The Gospel Is Tythes ", 1613, Ireland has written what purports to be a signature of Shakespeare, with other notes in the same feigned hand.

Shakespeare drew on many sources for his plots and his characters and two cases of books in the exhibition illustrate their variety. Works in Italian include the only complete copy of the first edition of Boccaccio's " Decamerone", Venice, Valdarfer, 1471, as well as a copy of his " Teseide ", Ferrara, Carnerius, 1475; Ariosto's "I Suppositi ", 1551, with Gas- coigne's English adaptation, 1587 ; Bandello's " Novelle", 1554- 73 ; and Giraldi Cinthio, " Hecatommithi ", 1565. The last- named work was not available in English translation in Shake­ speare's day. Translations exhibited include Ariosto's " Orlando Furioso. By J. Harington", 1591; Castiglione's ** Courtier. By T. Hobby ", 1588; and two books printed by Caxton, Le Fevre's " Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye", 1474, and Cicero's " De senectute ", 1481. Other books printed by Caxton to be seen in the exhibition are Malory's " Morte d'Arthur ", 1485 (one of the only two copies known), Chaucer's " Canterbury Tales ", 1478, his " Troilus and Cresside ", 1484?, and Gower's " Confessio Amantis", 1483. Later English works which furnished Shakespeare with either plots or allusions are Lydgate's " Siege of Troy ", 1555, Painter's " Pallace of Pleasure ", 1567-9, Spenser's " Colin Clovts Come home againe ", 1595, and " Faerie

NOTES AND NEWS 5Queene ", 1590-6, and Raleigh's " Discoverie of ... Gviana ", 1596. A selection of the works on which he based his historical plays includes the "Chronicles" of Fabyan, 1516, Froissart, 1522-3, Hardyng, 1543, and Holinshed, 1578, and Foxes " Book of Martyrs ", 1563. For information on natural history he relied largely on ** Batman vppon Bartholome ", 1592, an adaptation of the well-known medieval encylopaedia, and the great '* Herbals" of Dodoens, 1595, and Gerard, 1597, the latter with 1,800 illustrations. He made much use of classical authors and first editions of "Ovid", Bologna, 1471, and " Plautus ", Venice, 1492, are shown with early translations, Barclay's " Sallust ", 1520?, Douglas's "Virgil", 1553, Drant's "Horace", 1567, Chapman's " Homer ", 1598, and Holland's " Livy ", 1600.

It is fascinating to speculate upon the books Shakespeare was familiar with amongst the many extant in his day. Three cases are devoted to a selection of such books, and among the more interesting are the topographical works, including Saxton's "Atlas", 1579, open at the map of Warwickshire. Hakluyt's " Principal navigations ", 1598-1600, and Coryate's " Crudities ", 1611, are representative of overseas travel, while Lambard's " Perambulation of Kent ", 1576, Stow's " Svrvay Of London ", 1598, Camden's " Britannia ", 1586, and Llwyd's " Breuiary of Britayne ", 1573, all relate to this country. Philological works include Baret's " An Alvearie Or Quadruple Dictionarie ", 1580, Cotgrave's " A Dictionarie of the French and English Tongves ", 1611, and two works of Florio " Second Frvtes ", 1591, and " A Worlde of Wordes ", 1598, both designed to teach Italian. Books of verse of distinction include Tottel's "Miscellany", 1563, Spenser's " Complaints ", 1591, and " Amoretti ", 1595, " Eng- lands Helicon ", 1600, and " Englands Parnassus ", 1600. The most popular version of the Bible until a few years before Shakespeare's death was that of Geneva, the so-called " Breeches Bible ", shown in the first edition of 1560, with " The Prymer in English and Latine ", 1558, the most popular devotional book. Two unique books have interesting Shakespeare associations : " Ratseis Ghost ", 1605, in which the highwayman recommends the strolling player he has robbed to go to London where he may rival the great actor now playing Hamlet, and " Dives

6 THE JOHN RYLANDS LIBRARYPragmaticus ", 1563, suggested as the original of Autolycus in " The Winter's Tale ". More specialist works include Digges's, " A Geometrical Practical Treatize Named Pantometria ", 1591, Turberville's " The Noble Arte of Venerie ", 1575, and Maunsell, " Catalogue of English printed books ", 1595, the first English bookseller's catalogue.

The final case contains a selection of school books extant in the sixteenth century. From the earlier part of the century are included Sulpicius, " Stans puer ad mensam", 1516, and Donatus, " Ars minor", 1510?, both grammatical works, and Cato, " Disticha ", 1514, a collection of moral sayings, all editions of the most popular schoolbooks of the Middle Ages printed by Caxton's successor, Wynkyn de Worde. Of the same period are the " Colloquia " of Erasmus, 1520, and contemporary gram­ matical tracts by Whittington, 1520, Stanbridge, 1510?, and Linacre, 1525?. Of mathematical interest are Tunstall's " De Arte Svppvtandi ", 1522, the first book printed in England devoted entirely to arithmetic, and Record's " Castle of Know­ ledge ", 1556, a treatise on astronomy. Other books shown are Cardinal Wolsey's " Rvdimenta Grammatices ", 1539, Sherry's " A Treatise of the Figures of Grammer and Rhetorik ", 1555, " The Dialoges of Creatures Moralysed ", 1535?, a bestiary, and the " Catechisms " of John Hamilton, Archbishop of St. Andrews, 1552, and Alexander Nowell, Dean of St. Paul's, 1570. Two of the most famous of early educational treatises are also to be seen, Ascham's "The Scholemaster ", 1570, and Brinsley's " Lvdvs Literarivs ", 1612.

On view on the wall of the Librarian's vestibule is the contro­ versial " Grafton " portrait, which was at one time thought to be a portrait of the poet, although this view is not generally accepted.

The following is a list of recent Library publications, con­ sisting of reprints of articles which appeared in the RECENT latest issue of the BULLETIN (March 1964): PUBLICA

"The Manson Memorial Lecture, 1963." TIONS " Christianity at Corinth." By C. K. Barrett, M.A., D.D., F.B.A., Professor of Divinity in the University of Durham, 8vo, pp. 29. Price five shillings net.

NOTES AND NEWS 7" William Caxton's Reynard the Fox and his Dutch Original."

By N. F. Blake, M.A., B.Litt., Lecturer in English Language and Philology in the University of Liverpool, 8vo, pp. 27. Price five shillings net.

" St. Paul in Rome." By F. F. Bruce, M.A., D.D., Rylands Professor of Biblical Criticism and Exegesis in the University of Manchester. 8vo, pp. 20. Price four shillings net.

** Studies in the Structure of Some Ancient Scripts ": III. *' The Structure of the Cretan Hieroglyphic Script." By Ernst Grumach, D.Phil., formerly Professor of Greek in the Humboldt- University, Berlin. 8vo, pp. 39. With one plate and 6 pp. of line-drawings. Price seven shillings and sixpence net.

" The Receuil de Pieces Interessantes pour Servir a L'Histoire de la Revolution en France and the Origins of the French Revolu­ tion." By Norman Hampson, M.A., Doct. D'Univ., Senior Lecturer in French History and Institutions in the University of Manchester. 8vo, pp. 26. Price five shillings net.

" Psalmes, Teares, and Broken Music." By Verna L. Moore, M.A., 8vo, pp. 18. Price four shillings net.

" Arthur O'Shaughnessy: The Ancestry of a Victorian Poet." By W. D. Paden, M.A., Ph.D., Professor of English Literature in the University of Kansas. 8vo, pp. 19. Price four shillings net.

" Perspectives in English Parliamentary History." By J. S. Roskell, M.A., D.Phil., Professor of Medieval History in the University of Manchester. 8vo, pp. 28. Price five shillings net.

" From Epic to Romance." By Eugene Vinaver, M.A., D.Litt, D. es L., Professor of French Language and Literature in the University of Manchester. 8vo, pp. 28. Price five shillings net.

The following is a list of the public lectures (the sixty-third series) which have been arranged for delivery in THE SIXTY-

TT f ipr\the Lecture Hall of the Library during the current SERIES OF session 1964-5, at 5.15 p.m. : ^LANDS

14 October 1964. " Justin Martyr's Defence of LECTURES Christianity." By Henry Chadwick, Regius Professor of Divinity in the University of Oxford.

8 THE JOHN RYLANDS LIBRARY11 November 1964. "The Social Origins and Privileged

Status of the French Eighteenth Century Nobility." By Albert Goodwin, Professor of Modern History in the University of Manchester.

9 December 1964. " Shakespeare's Learning." By J. F. Kermode, John Edward Taylor Professor of English Literature in the University of Manchester.

20 January 1965. " St. Jerome as a Biblical Translator." By W. H. Semple, Hulme Professor of Latin in the University of Manchester.

10 February 1965. " St. Paul in Rome. 2. The Epistle to Philemon." By F. F. Bruce, Rylands Professor of Biblical Criticism and Exegesis in the University of Manchester.

10 March 1965. " Dante and the Florentine Chroniclers." By Giovanni Aquilecchia, Professor of Italian Language and Literature in the University of Manchester.

12 May 1965. "Enemies and Evil-Doers in the Book of Psalms." By G. W. Anderson, Professor of Old Testament Literature and Theology in the University of Edinburgh.

Since the previous issue of the BULLETIN the PRINTED following donors have made valuable gifts of books GIFTS AND to the Library, and to them the Governors offer EXCHANGES grateful thanks :

Individual DonorsMiss Dia* Abou-Ghazi, R. C. Alston, Esq., N. F. Blake, Esq.,

Professor S. G. F. Brandon, Professor F. F. Bruce [2], E. L. Burney, Esq., Dr. L. Trouadec-Dujardin, G. C. F. Forster, Esq., H. E. the Ambassador of France, le baron Geoffroy de Courcel, Dr. P. L. Gupta, Professor R. K. Harrison, Dr. G. S. D. Henderson [3], J. A. Hinks, Esq., O.B.E. [2], Mrs. Charles C. Hurst [2], Dr. G. A. Knowlson, Mr. H. P. Kraus, Mr. Radamas S. Lackany [3], Judge Neville Laski [5], the Librarian [3], the Rt. Rev. the Lord Bishop of Manchester [3], Frederick May, Esq. [2], B. Mendleson, Esq., Dr. Mendel Metzger [3], the Rev. Dr. J. Morgenstern, S. N. M. Moxley, Esq., Mr. H. C. Mui, Mr. L. H. Mui, Dr. John H. Ottemiller, Leslie Ord Pinder, Esq.,

NOTES AND NEWS 9Senor Salvador Garcia de Pruneda, A. B. Race, Esq. [5], Dr. E. A. E. Reymond, the late Professor E. Robertson, D.Litt., D.D., Professor James Robson [3], the Rev. Professor H. H. Rowley, D.D., F.B.A., the Rev. Professor E. G. Rupp, Dr. R. C. Shaw, Professor J. F. D. Shrewsbury, Dr. Frank Taylor, Miss Helen M. Watts [4], the Rev. Father J. H. Widart, S.J.

InstitutionsAberdeen University Library [2] ; Albuquerque: New

Mexico University Library [3] ; American Catholic Philosophical Association; Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum [3] ; Antiquarische Gesellschaft in Zurich; Associacao dos Arqueologos Portugueses.

Bacon Society; Basel University Library [10]; Beirut: American University Library; Berlin: Deutsche Staats- bibliothek; Berlin: Staatliche Museen [10]; Besancon Uni­ versity Library [5] ; Beuron : Erzabtei: Bibliothek [2] ; Birmingham University Library; Bogota: Ministerio de Educacion [3] ; Bogota : University of Colombia Library [2] ; Bradford : Regional College of Art: Department of Printing [2] ; Brescia : Ateneo ; Trustees of the British Museum [7]; Bruxelles : Koninklijke Vlaamse Akademie [3] ; Budapest: Magyar Nemzeti Miizeum [2] ; Budapest: National Szechenyi Library [14] ; Buenos Aires University Library.

Cairo : Egyptian Museum Library; California University Library [5] ; Canada : United Church : Archives Committee ; Canadian Bank of Commerce ; Canberra : National Library of Australia [2] ; Canberra: St. Mark's Anglican National Memorial Library ; Cape Town : National Gallery of Art [2] ; Carnegie United Kingdom Trust; Cincinnati University: Department of Classics ; Cleveland : Museum of Art; Copen­ hagen : Dan marks Rigsarkivet [4] ; Copenhagen : Kongelige Bibliotek [2] ; Copenhagen : Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab; Copenhagen University Library [13] ; Covenant Life Curriculum Press, Richmond, Va.; Cracow : Jagiellonian Uni­ versity Library.

Damascus : Minister of Culture [11]; Darmstadt: Deutsche Akademie fur Sprache und Dichtung [2]; Messrs. Desclee et Cie ; Djakarta : Madjelis Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia.

10 THE JOHN RYLANDS LIBRARY

Erlangen University Library [3].Foundational Book Company; Friends of Canterbury

Cathedral; Friends of the National Library.Genoa University: Istituto di Filologia Classica [3] ;

Gesellschaft fur Niedersachsische Kirchengeschichte [2] ; Ghent University Library [2] ; Gothenburg University Library.

Halle University Library [2] ; Heidelberg University Library; Helsinki : Academia Scientiarum Fennica [6] ; Hertfordshire County Record Office.

Illinois University Library [2] ; India Office Library ; Inns­ bruck University Library ; Israel Society for Biblical Research.

Jerusalem : Swedish Theological Institute ; Jewish Historical Society of England ; Jyvaskyla University Library [2].

Kansas University Library [2] ; Kentucky University Library [6].

Lancashire County Record Office; Leeds University Library ; Leicestershire County Record Office ; Leiden : Neder- landsch Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten ; Leipzig University Library [5] ; Leningrad : Academy of Sciences [9] ; Liege University Library ; Linz : Oberosterreichische Musealverein ; Lisbon : Academia Portuguesa de Historia; Liverpool Public Libraries and Art Galleries [4] ; London County Record Office ; London : Guildhall Library ; London : House of Lords : Record Office [2] ; London : Istituto Italiano di Cultura [12]; London: Jew's College [7] ; London: Lambeth Palace Library [30] ; London : National Portrait Gallery ; London : University College Library ; London University : Institute of Historical Research ; London : Victoria and Albert Museum ; Louisiana State University Library; Lund University Library[2].

Manchester City Art Gallery ; Manchester Statistical Society; Manchester University Library [2] ; Manchester University Press [16]; Manchester: Whitworth Gallery; Michigan University Library ; Milan : Universita Cattolica del S. Cuore [5] ; Minnesota University Library; the Oberburgomaster of Monchengladbach [2] ; Montreal: Canadian Jewish Congress [9] ; Moscow: Lenin State Library; Munich : Bayerische Staatsbibliothek.

NOTES AND NEWS 11Naples : Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Storici [3]; National

Art Collections Fund; National Register of Archives [80] ; National Register of Archives, Scotland [2] ; Nedlands : Uni­ versity of Western Australia [2] ; Neuchatel University Library [5] ; New Delhi: Indian Institute of Islamic Studies ; New Zealand : High Commissioner in London [3] ; North Western Regional Library System ; Northampton, Mass. : Smith College Library.

Otago University Library.Poznan : Poznanskie Towarzystwo Przyjacioi Nauk [2] ;

Pretoria: Staatsiblioteek; Pretoria: University of South Africa [9].

Rome : Institute Espanol de Estudios Eclesiasticos ; Rostock University Library.

Saint Louis: Washington University Library [2] ; Sala­ manca University Library [5] ; San Marino, Cal. : Huntington Library; Schweizerische Gesellschaft fiir Volkskunde [4] ; Shropshire County Record Office [2J ; Societas Orientalis Fennica ; Societe des Bollandistes ; Solesmes : Abbaye de S. Pierre; Stanford University Library [4] ; Steenbrugge : St. Pieters Abdij; Stockholm : Kungliga Biblioteket [3] ; Sydney : Public Library of New South Wales.

Thun: Historische Museum Schloss Thun; Tucuman University Library; Turin University Library [2].

United States Information Service, London ; United States National Archives [2] ; Uppsala University Library; Utrecht University Library.

Venezuela University Library [3].Warrington Public Library ; Warsaw: Polska Akademia

Nauk : Komitet Orientalistyczny ; Washington : Dumbarton Oaks Research Library ; Washington : Library of Congress ; Wellington, N.Z. : Alexander Turnbull Library [6].

Zurich : Zentralbibliothek [29].

In addition to these donations many learned societies and other bodies have continued to present copies of their periodical publications.