paintin' the fence
TRANSCRIPT
The long way from MABto MARC 21to MARC 21
Experiences from Germany and AustriaExperiences from Germany and Austria
Reinhold HeuvelmannGerman National LibraryGerman National LibraryOffice for Data Formats
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
Mark Twain: The Adventures of Tom SawyerChapter II Chapter II
Saturday morning was come, ...© True Williams
Saturday morning was come, ...© True Williams
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
Standards & ChangesStandards & Changes
ZIP codes in GermanyZIP codes in Germany
„1999“ => „2000“
Reform of orthographyReform of orthography
Currency: DM etc. => €Currency: DM etc. => €
Coded Character Sets => Unicode
CANMARC, UKMARC, ... => MARC 21CANMARC, UKMARC, ... => MARC 21
...
cf. removalcf. removal
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
MABMAB
„Maschinelles Austauschformat für Bibliotheken“ (automated library exchange format)„Maschinelles Austauschformat für Bibliotheken“ (automated library exchange format)
established in 1973 („MAB1“)
maintained by the German National Librarymaintained by the German National Library
in close cooperation with the German experts‘ group for data formats (formerly „MAB-Ausschuss“)formats (formerly „MAB-Ausschuss“)
revised in 1994 („MAB2“)
Bibliographic, Authority, Holdings, Classification, Addresses
1998 - 2004: process of internationalization (Unicode, Dublin 1998 - 2004: process of internationalization (Unicode, Dublin Core, MAB english, FRBR, XML)
weakness: national / isolated standard
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
The decision for MARC 21The decision for MARC 21
2001-12: internationalization of library 2001-12: internationalization of library standards (cataloging rules & formats)
vivid discussionsvivid discussions
feasibility study (strategic, technical, feasibility study (strategic, technical, economical aspects), funded by DFG
2004-12: introduction and uniform use of 2004-12: introduction and uniform use of MARC 21 as the exchange format for all libraries in Germany and Austrialibraries in Germany and Austria
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
Pros and ConsPros and Cons
import of international dataimport of international datavisibility of German and Austrian datalarge community and expertiselarge community and expertisetake part in developmentsbetter choice of systems
long way to golong way to golanguageinternational frameworkinternational frameworkMAB deep inside the systemsloose endsloose ends
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
CastCastnational:Office for Library Standards, incl. Project StaffOffice for Data FormatsOffice for Data FormatsExperts‘ Group for Data Formats+ external experts+ external experts
international:Library of Congress, NDMSOLibrary of Congress, NDMSOLAC Canada, British LibraryALA MARBIALA MARBI
Funding by• Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft• Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft• Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
PrinciplesPrinciples
retain existing dataretain existing data
retain existing functionalitiesretain existing functionalities
abandon historic burdens
decouple the process from related developmentsdecouple the process from related developments
keep compliance to the standard MARCkeep compliance to the standard MARC
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
Multipart Publications („Hierarchies“)Multipart Publications („Hierarchies“)
each volume => 1 recordeach volume => 1 record
+ the set itself => 1 additional record
(no records for sections / subsets)(no records for sections / subsets)
each record bibliographically complete
volumes with strong titles => 490 + 8XXvolumes with strong titles => 490 + 8XX
volumes without strong titles => 245 $a $n $p volumes without strong titles => 245 $a $n $p + 773 $w
(no 505)(no 505)
linking by textual forms and IDs
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
Mapping from MAB to MARCMapping from MAB to MARC
comprehensive ...
detailed ...detailed ...
careful ...
cooperative ...
always cross-checking ...always cross-checking ...
© Norman Rockwell
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
© Norman Rockwell
Mapping: AlgorithmMapping: Algorithm
equivalent element available in MARC ? => �equivalent element available in MARC ? => �
else: loose end
weighing:weighing:
can fall apart (list of cancellations) ? => �
or loss of granularity ? => or loss of granularity ? => �
or new entry into MARC code list ? => �or new entry into MARC code list ? => �
else: relevant
definable in MARC 21 ? => �definable in MARC 21 ? => �
else: to be defined locally => �
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
Mapping: ExperiencesMapping: Experiences
MARC complex, well structured
MAB: mostly without subfields => group of fieldsMARC: with subfields => one fieldMARC: with subfields => one field
process of cleaning up / sorting out
surprises, disappointments, and understandings
codes (MARC: 006 / 007 / 008) => RDA ?
different cataloging codes, cataloging practices, systemsdifferent cataloging codes, cataloging practices, systems
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
Mapping: ResultsMapping: Results
available on DNB website:available on DNB website:
http://www.d-nb.de/eng/eng/standardisierung/standardisierung/formate/konkordanz.htm/konkordanz.htm
work in progresswork in progress
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
MARBI: German and Austrian WishlistMARBI: German and Austrian Wishlist
•linking by ID-numbers: control subfields $w and $0replacement records („Umlenkungen“)•replacement records („Umlenkungen“)•normalized / machine-sortable information•codes:•codes:multiparts, acidity of paper, nature of contents•other:former NBN, type of keyword, place, former call numberformer NBN, type of keyword, place, former call number
•element-level responsibility (Subject Headings, DDC)•element-level responsibility (Subject Headings, DDC)
mutual benefits
http://www.loc.gov/marc/marbi/2007/2007-dp01.html
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
MARBI: PerspectivesMARBI: Perspectives
German and Austrian package:discussions in January 2007, decisions in June 2007discussions in January 2007, decisions in June 2007
DDC Discussion Paper (with LC and OCLC):DDC Discussion Paper (with LC and OCLC):discussions in June 2007, decisions in January 2008
Authority format: dates & languagesAuthority format: dates & languages
larger frameworklarger framework=> longer process of discussions and decisions
ongoing cooperationongoing cooperation
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
The MARC LineThe MARC Line
DirectoryDirectory
LDR|001|002|003|004|005|006|007|008|009|...|999LDR|001|002|003|004|005|006|007|008|009|...|999
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
The MARC FenceThe MARC Fence
090 | 091 | 092 | 093 | 094 | 095 | 096 | 097 | 098 | 099090 | 091 | 092 | 093 | 094 | 095 | 096 | 097 | 098 | 099
080 | 081 | 082 | 083 | 084 | 085 | 086 | 087 | 088 | 089
070 | 071 | 072 | 073 | 074 | 075 | 076 | 077 | 078 | 079070 | 071 | 072 | 073 | 074 | 075 | 076 | 077 | 078 | 079
060 | 061 | 062 | 063 | 064 | 065 | 066 | 067 | 068 | 069
050 | 051 | 052 | 053 | 054 | 055 | 056 | 057 | 058 | 059
040 | 041 | 042 | 043 | 044 | 045 | 046 | 047 | 048 | 049
030 | 031 | 032 | 033 | 034 | 035 | 036 | 037 | 038 | 039
020 | 021 | 022 | 023 | 024 | 025 | 026 | 027 | 028 | 029
010 | 011 | 012 | 013 | 014 | 015 | 016 | 017 | 018 | 019
LDR | 001 | 002 | 003 | 004 | 005 | 006 | 007 | 008 | 009LDR | 001 | 002 | 003 | 004 | 005 | 006 | 007 | 008 | 009
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
The MARC CubeThe MARC Cube
990|...
490|...490|...
...020|...010|011|...
... Hypercube ?010|011|...LDR|001|002|...
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
Defining local fieldsDefining local fields
XX9 („right“ layer)XX9 („right“ layer)
+ X9X („top“ layer)
+ 9XX („back“ layer)+ 9XX („back“ layer)
+ Indicators 1 and 2 = „9“+ Indicators 1 and 2 = „9“
+ $9
less than 15 fields / format
„As many as needed -- as few as possible.“„As many as needed -- as few as possible.“
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
Two minor decisionsTwo minor decisions
non-sorting characters:non-sorting characters:
at the beginning of a field or subfield, or inside a subfieldsubfield
handled by Non-Sorting Control Characters
http://www.loc.gov/marc/nonsorting.htmlhttp://www.loc.gov/marc/nonsorting.html
ISBD:
no embedded interpunction at the end of a subfieldno embedded interpunction at the end of a subfield
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
Translation, and Edition SystemTranslation, and Edition System
technicians – catalogerstechnicians – catalogers
glossary
MARC 21 Concise + local fieldsMARC 21 Concise + local fields
=> Official German Translation of MARC 21=> Official German Translation of MARC 21
maintenance and documentation
input MARC in XML + manuallyinput MARC in XML + manually
output PDF + XML + HTML
open for future additions (RDA, ...)open for future additions (RDA, ...)
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
MARCXMLMARCXML
MARCXML as variant of / successor to MARCXML as variant of / successor to [MARC in ISO 2709]
MODSMODS
Questionnaire: Is the German and Austrian Questionnaire: Is the German and Austrian library community prepared for using MARC library community prepared for using MARC data in XML structure?
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
Coded Character SetsCoded Character Sets
MAB: ISO 646 (IRV) + ISO 5426MAB: ISO 646 (IRV) + ISO 5426
IBM Codepage 850
ISO/IEC 10646 / UnicodeISO/IEC 10646 / Unicode
MARC: MARC-8
ISO/IEC 10646 / UnicodeISO/IEC 10646 / Unicode
mappings availablemappings available
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
Summing upSumming up
MAB: stabilized, frozenMAB: stabilized, frozen
„aufgehoben“ (inf. „aufheben“)
suspendedsuspended
picked up
preserved
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
Implementing MARCImplementing MARC
... painting the other side of the fence... painting the other side of the fence
replace each MAB system / interface by its MARC equivalentequivalent
How to use MARC for real data?
agreements upon contents, in addition to cataloging agreements upon contents, in addition to cataloging rules, to keep the data fairly consistent
......International Workshop
„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
The role of MARCThe role of MARC
Exchange formatExchange format
Internal format / cataloging format
different situations in the regional library networks:
ExLibris / Aleph 500ExLibris / Aleph 500
OCLC|PICAOCLC|PICA
variety of systemsvariety of systems
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
Mark Twain: The Adventures of Tom SawyerChapter III Chapter III
„It‘s all done, Aunt.“© Claus Kormannshaus
„It‘s all done, Aunt.“
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007
Thank you ☺☺☺☺Thank you ☺☺☺☺
Reinhold HeuvelmannReinhold Heuvelmann
German National Library
Information Technology / Office for Data FormatsInformation Technology / Office for Data Formats
Adickesallee 1
D-60322 Frankfurt am MainD-60322 Frankfurt am Main
Telephone: +49-69-1525-1709
Telefax: +49-69-1525-1799Telefax: +49-69-1525-1799
mailto:[email protected]
http://www.d-nb.dehttp://www.d-nb.de
International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“
Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007