Group Number 5

• Muhammad Zaeem Khalid• M.Qasim• Zeeshan Arif• Haseeb Akram• Syed Zaid

Borders Introduction Pakistan india and other neighbour countries

• Pakistan is located in South Asia and is at the junction of Central Asia and Middle East.

• Pakistan's total land border is 6,774 kilometres long .

• Pakistan borders India in the east, Afghanistan and Iran in the west and China is situated at the northeast.

• The Arabian Sea is located south of Pakistan.

Major issues between Pak-Indo(1947-2016)

• Kashmir issue• Water Treaty• Terrorism• Assets Issues• Unequal Distribution of British• LOC(violation line of control)• Gujjrat Incidient• Bombay attacks

INTERNATIONAL POLITICS OF THE COLD WAR (1945 - 1991)

• Pakistan joined Captilist block(USA) Due to• Economical Crisis• Wheat Crisis(1954)• Political Crisis• Aid in Defense(USA give weapons)

War of 1947

• The Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948, sometimes known as the First Kashmir War

War of 1965

• India not announced and enterd in Pakistan from different borders

• 30,000 indian army while Pakistan have only 5,000 soldiers

• This war is called tank war• Role of M.M Allam

War of 1971

• Pakistan strategy

• Indian strategy

• Result of war 1971

War of 1999

Kargil wal

• The main cause of the war was over the control of kashmir.

• When weather conditions were sever the pakistan army bagan to occopy some posts on the indian side of LOC.

• The indian army launched its final attacks in the last weak of july.

• The fighting ceased on 26 july

Nuclear Program

• Nuclear program to achieve Nuclear Power

• Helps to generate power and to build weapons of mass destruction

Nuclear Weapons

• A Nuclear Weapon derives its destructive force from Nuclear reaction

• Nuclear weapons provide countries help to more strengthen their defense

History

• First recorded nuclear power USA

• Only two times nuclear weapons are used

Destructions of Nuclear Bomb

In 6 august 1945 The countries having nuclear bomb

Political founder of Nuclear Bomb

• Zulifqar Ali Bhutto founder of nuclear bomb

• “If India builds the bomb,we will eat grass and leaves for a thousands years,even go hungry but we will get one of our own”(Zulifqar Ali Bhutto)

Cont….

• “The christians have the bomb, the jews have the bomb and now the hindus have the bomb. Why not the Muslims too have the bomb??”

Technical founder of Nuclear Bomb

• Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan father of nuclear Pakistan

• Dr. A Q Khan, a METALLURGICAL ENGINEER, working at THE DUTCH RESEARCH FIRM URENCO

• Dr Khan left his job at URENCO

Nuclear tests

• 2 weeks after Indian nuclear test Pakistan nuclear experiments at CHAGAI

• Political GOVT face a great pressure from West• GOVT determination resulted in Pakistan capable

of nuclear bomb

Neighboring nuclear countries

• India

• China

• Iran

India relation with Iran

• India good relation Iran • Current relation• Chabahar port• Economical relation• Oil import • Education

India relation with Afghan

• India good relation Afghan

• Current relation• Friendship Dam• Economical Aid• Education • After 9/11

USA relation with India

• India good relation with USA

• Current relation• Economical relation• Trade relation

Effects on Pakistan(Indo-Afghan relation)

• Terrorism• Trade• Hated to Pakistan

Terrorism

• It is a big effect on Pakistan

Trade

• Second major issue is trade

Hated to Pakistan

• Third is Afghani people hated to Pakistan

Effects on Pakistan(Indo-Iran relations)

• Gas pipeline contract• Oil effects• Trade

Conclusion:

To improve the relationship between india and pakistan both countries have to;

1. Resolve the kashmir issue.2. Resolve the water treaty.

These issues are still not yet resolved.