pakistan s political history
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OptimistsOptimists
Hafiz M. Hammad Nomani Umaz Hussnain
M. Iqbal Imran Javid
Taufeeq Khalid Anjum Ali
M. Haroon Shakeel
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Optimists
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istory at a Glanistory at a Glan
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1947
Quaid-e-AzamMuhammad Ali
Jinnah
15 AugGovernorGeneral
LiaquatAli Khan15 Aug
Prime Minister
1948
KhawajaNazimuddin
14 SepGovernorGeneral
KhawajaNazimuddin
17 OctPrime Minister
1951
GhulamMuhammad
17 OctGovernorGeneral
1953
Muhammad AliBogra
17 AprPrime Minister
1955
Iskander AliMirza
06 OctGovernorGeneral
>>
ChaudharyMuhhammad Ali
12 AugPrime Minister
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1956
Iskander AliMirza
23 MarPresident
Husain ShaheedSuharwardy
SepPrime Minister
1957
Ibrahim IsmailChundigar
17 OctPrime Minister
Malik FeerozKhan
16 DecPrime Minister
07Oct
1st Ma
rsha
lLaw
Mar
23
1st
Consti
tution
Muhammad AyubKhan
27 Oct
Chief MarshalLaw
,ar 23 19622nd Constitution1958 1965
PresidentialElection02 Jan
1969
06Sep-
Indo
Pak
War
Mar
25
2nd
Marsha
lLaw
Agha MuhammadYahya khan
25 MarPresident
>>
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1st General
ElectionOct
14Aug
3rd
Consti
tution
1970 1971 1973 1977 1985
Separation Of East
Pakistan16 Dec
Nurul Ammin07 Dec
Prime Minister
Zulfiqar AliBhutto20 Dec
Civil chiefMarshal
Administrator
Zulfiqar AliBhutto
14 AugPrime Minister
Fazal ElahiChaudhry
14 AugPresident
3rd
Marsha
lLaw
2nd General
Election07 Mar
PNA
MuhammadZia-ul-Haq
16 Sep
Chief MarshalLaw
3rd General
Election25 Feb
Muhammad khanJunejo
23 MarPrime Minister
Nove
mber
8th
Amendm
ent
>>
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1988 1990 1993 1997 1998
>>
4th GeneralElection
Nov
Benazir Bhutto
02 DecPrime Minister
Ghulam IshaqKhan
17 AugPresident
5th General
Election24 Oct
IJI
Nawaz Sharif05 Nov
Prime Minister
6th General
Election06 Oct
Benazir Bhutto19 Oct
Prime Minister
Farooq Ahmadkhan Leghari
02 Dec
President
7th General
Election03 Feb
Nawaz Sharif
05 NovPrime Minister
Apri
l
13th
Amendm
ent
Muhammad RafiqTarar
01 JanPresident
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1999 2001 2002 2004 2008
Pervez Musharaf12 Oct
Chief Executive
12Oct
4th
Marsha
lLaw
Pervez Musharaf20 Jun
President
Mir ZafarullahKhan Jamali
23 NovPrime Minister
8th General
Election20 Oct
Chuadhry ShujatHussain
26 JunePrime Minister
Shukat Aziz28 Aug
Prime Minister
9th General
Election18 Feb
Yousuf Raza
Gillani25 MarPrime Minister
Asif Ali Zardari06 SepPresident
,ov3007PCO
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Constitutiononstitutions
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q ,Under Section 8 of the Indian Independence Act,1947 it became the working constitution of
.Pakistan
q The first Constituent Assembly was formed under, .the Independence Act 1947
q Purpose to frame a Constitution for the.country
Government of India Act, 1Government of India Act, 1
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qThe Constituent Assembly passed the resolutionon 12 March 1949.
q Resolution was moved by Liaquat Ali Khan.q "Magna Carta" of Pakistan's constitutional history.q Features:
Sovereignty belongs to Allah. State shall exercise powers through the chosen
representatives.
The principles of democracy, freedom, equality,tolerance and social justice, as enunciated byIslam, shall be fully observed.
Muslims to order their lives in accordance withthe teachings of Islam.
Adequate provision shall be made for theminorities.
Pakistan shall be a federation.
bjectivebjectiveResolutionesolution
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qAdopted on 29 February 1956.qEnforced on 23 March 1956.qContained 234 Articles divided into thirteen
parts and six schedules.qConstituent Assembly became the Interim
National Assembly
qGovernor General Iskander Mirza was sworn
in as the first President of Pakistan.
he Constitution ofhe Constitution of1956956
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q FeaturesThe Objectives Resolution, the preamble of the
Constitution.
Country was declared an Islamic Republic ofPakistan.
President must be Muslim of at least 40 years of age.
The Constitution vested the executive authority ofthe President in the Federation.
The Constitution of 1956 provided unicameral
legislature. National Assembly was to consist of 300 members.
The principle of parity was introduced.
Minimum age of 21 was allowed to vote in theelections.
Urdu and Bengali, State languages and English,Official lan ua e for first 25 ears
he Constitution ofhe Constitution of956956
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qShahabuddin Commission, 17 February 1960.
qPromulgated by President Ayyub on 1stMarch, 1962.
qCame into effect on 8th June, 1962.
qContained 250 articles divided into 12 partsand three schedules.
he Constitution ofhe Constitution of1962962
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q Features Pakistan was renamed as 'Republic of Pakistan'.The President was to be a Muslim not less than
35 years of age and could not held more thantwo consecutive terms.
The National Assembly was to consist of 156members, later increased to 218 membersafter 8th amendment.
The system of indirect presidential elections waspresented.
President owned the Right of Veto.The President had the power to dissolve the
National Assembly.The Advisory Council of Islamic Ideology was
introduced.
q Martial Law was enforced in the country and the
he Constitution ofhe Constitution of962962
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q 'Constitutional Accord 17 October 1972.
qThe National Assembly approved theconstitution on April 10th, 1973.
qCame into effect on 14th August 1973.
qContained 280 articles divided into 12 partsand 7 schedules.
he Constitution of 1973he Constitution of 1973
he Existing Constitutionhe Existing Constitution
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q FeaturesThe Constitution named Pakistan as the IslamicRepublic of Pakistan.
Islam as the religion of the country.The President was to be a Muslim at least 45
years of age.The head of the Government, will be the PrimeMinister.
The 1973 Constitution set up a bicamerallegislature.
Establishment of a National Finance Commission(NFC)The Senate was to consist of 63 members. National Assembly consisted of 200 seats.
q General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, imposed MartialLaw on ul 5th 1977.
he Constitution ofhe Constitution of973973
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Amendmentsmendments
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Amendmentsmendmentsq First Amendment
Came into effect on May 4, 1974. Amended Article 1.
Redefined the boundaries of Pakistan and removed references toEast Pakistan.
q Second Amendment
Came into effect on September 7,1974.
Amended Article 260.
Declared the status of Qadianis and Ahmadis as minority.
q Third Amendment
Came into effect on February 18, 1975.
Amended Article 10.
Allowed the government to detain a person without trial for
three months.
q Fourth Amendment
Came into effect on November 25, 1975.
Amended Article 106 and 51.
Decreed additional seats for minorities.
Deprived courts of the power to grant bail to any person
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q Fifth Amendment Came into effect on September 15, 1976.
Amended Article 192.
Separate High Courts for the Provinces of Sindh andBaluchistan.
q Sixth Amendment Came into effect on January 4, 1977.
Amended Article 179 and 195.
Chief Justice of Supreme Court will be retired at the age of 65and a High Court at 62.
q Seventh Amendment Came into effect on May 16, 1977.
Amended Article 96.
It enables the Prime Minister to obtain a vote of confidence ofthe people of Pakistan by requesting the President ofPakistan to hold a national referendum
q Eighth Amendment Came into effect on November 11, 1985.
Amended Article 58.
Provisions regarding dissolution of the Assembly by the
AmendmentsAmendments
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.mendments.mendmentsq Thirteenth Amendment
Came into effect April 3, 1997.
Amended Article 58.
Withdrawal of discretionary powers of the President and of theGovernor with regards to dissolution of the Assembly and of thePresident with regards to appointment of the Heads of the ArmedForces.
q Fourteenth Amendment
Came into effect on July 3, 1997.
Amended Article 63.
Regarding the disqualification of a Member of Parliamentary partyon the ground of defection.
q Fifteenth Amendment Passed by National Assembly on October 9, 1998.
Stalled in senate.
Also called Shariah bill.
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q Sixteenth Amendment Came into effect on July 27, 1999.
Amended Article 27.
Restore the regional quota system in services.
q Seventeenth Amendment
Came into effect on December 30, 2003. Amended Article 58.
The President regains the authority to dissolve the NationalAssembly.
Amendments.Amendments.
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lectionlectionProcessrocess
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qThe Election Commission is an independent andautonomous constitutional body.
q Established on 23rd March 1956 under the article137 of the constitution 1956.
q
Members Chief Election Commissioner( appointed by Presidentfor 3 years).
Four Judges of high courts .
q Responsibility
Conduction of an independent, free, fair andimpartial elections of
National Assembly
Senate
President
Local Governments
le ctio n C o m m issio n o fle ctio n C o m m issio n o fP a k ista na k ista n
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A T IO N A LA T IO N A LA S S E M B LYS S E M B LYq NA is the lower house of Parliament.q NA consists of successful candidates in General
Election and 70 reserved seats(Women & Non-Muslims).
q Members are elected for five years.q Purpose
Discuss and make legislations. To pass an amendment in constitution 2/3rd majority
is required.
Elects Prime Minister.q Eligibility
25 year of age Good Character Not involved in any crime.
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q 342 Seats General
Seats:272
Women: 60
Non-Muslims:10
FATA12Seats
NWFP35 General Seats08Seats for
Women
BALOCHISTAN14 General Seats03 Seats for
Women
SINDH61 General Seats14 Seats for
Women -10 for Non
PUNJAB148 General Seats35 Seats for
Women
ATIONAL ASSEMBLYATIONAL ASSEMBLYFEDERAL02Seats
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qSenate .is the upper house of Parliamentq Senate was established in 1973 under the article 50 of.the constitution of 1973
q .Members are elected for six yearsq First group of senators are retired after 3 years by
.draw
qPurpose .To give the equal representation of provinces To promote national cohesion and harmony .To alleviate fears of the smaller provinces Casts its vote in legislation and selection of President
qEligibility30year of age Good Character .Not involved in any crime
SENATEENATE
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ENATEENATE
NWFP14 General Seats04 Seats for Women04 Technocrats and
Ulema
FATA08Seats
100 Seats General Seats: 66
Women: 17
Technocrats andUlema : 17
BALOCHISTAN14 General Seats04 Seats for Women04 Technocrats andUlema SINDH
14 General Seats04 Seats for Women
04 Technocrats and
Ulema
PUNJAB14 General Seats04 Seats for Women
04 Technocrats andUlema
FEDERAL02 General
01 for Women01 Other
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Party Seats
( )Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarians PPPP 27
Pakistan Muslim League (PML-Quaid) 21Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) 10
Pakistan Muslim League (PML-Nawaz) 07
( )Muttahida Qaumi Movement MQM 06
Awami National Party (ANP) 06
Other 23
omposition of Senateomposition of Senate
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SINDH130 General Seats29 Seats for
Women -09 for Non
NWFP99 General Seats22 Seats for
Women -03 for NonMuslims
BALOCHISTAN51 General Seats11 Seats for
Women -03 for NonMuslims
PUNJAB297 General Seats66 Seats for
Women
-08 for NonMuslims
728 Seats General Seats:
577
Women: 128
Non-Muslim : 23
ROVISIONAL ASSEMBLYROVISIONAL ASSEMBLY
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ConstituenciConstituenci
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qNo. of seats per district.qOn the basis of population censes
1998.
qShare of seats of a district isdetermined by dividing thepopulation of that district with the
quota per seat of aProvince/Area/Agency in theNational Assembly.
No. of Seats=
Q u ota p e r se a t o fPro vin ce
Po p u la tio n o f D istrict
Constituenciesonstituencies
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q uota Per:eatPunjab
q .o Of seats perdistrict
Population :: , ,73 621 290 ::Seats in NA 148 Quota per seat in NA ::
= ,496 441
Quota per seat in A ::= ,247 883
, ,73 621 290148
, ,73 621 290297
Population :: , ,3 363 911
Seat in NA ::= . *6 76
Seat in A ::= . *13 57
, ,3 363 911
,496 441
, ,3 363 911,247 883
= 7seats
= 14seats
onstituenciesonstituencies
* .Fraction of 0 5 or above has generally is taken as 1 seat and a
. .fraction below 0 5 is ignored
Rawalpindi
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Inter-District Constituency when
D.I. Khan + Bannu + Kohat + Peshawar +Lakki+ Tank (0.038 + 0.019 + 0.088 +0.053 + 0.006 +0.027)
0.88=1seat
onstituenciesonstituencies
Quota per seat ofProvince
Population ofDistrict
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Districts Province NA PA
Karachi City Sindh 20 42
Lahore Punjab 13 25
Faisalabad Punjab 11 22
Gujranwala Punjab 07 14
Rawalpindi Punjab 07 14
Hyderabad Sindh 06 12
hest Number of Constituenchest Number of Constituenc
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neral Electionneral Election
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Party Seats %
Awami League 160 53
Pakistan PeoplesParty
81 27PML (Quyuum) 9 3
Other 50 17
:hamber National Assembly:lection Date ,Oct 1970
:otal Seats ( ,300 138 in West Pakistan 162 in)East Pakistan
:urnout %63:rime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
:uration -14 Aug 1973 5 Jul 1977
1stt eneral Electioneneral Election
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Party Seats %
Pakistan Peoples
Party
155 78
Pakistan NationalAlliance
36 18Others 09 4
:hamber National Assembly:lection Date ,7 Mar 1977
:otal Seats 200:urnout %63
:rime Minister ( )Marshal Law:uration /N A
2ndd eneral Electioneneral Election
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:hamber National Assembly:lection Date ,25 Feb 1985
:otal Seats 237:urnout %61
:rime Minister Muhammad Khan Junejo:uration -23 Mar 1985 29 May 1988
3rdd eneral Electioneneral Election
-on PartyBased
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Party Seats %
Pakistan Peoples Party 92 39Islam-e-Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI)
55 23Muhajar Quami Mahaz(MQM)
13 5
Other* 77 33
:hamber National Assembly:lection Date ,16 Nov 1988
:otal Seats 237:urnout . %43 1
:rime Minister Benazir Bhutto:uration -2 Dec 1988 6 Aug 1990
4thh eneral Electioneneral Election
*20 Reserved Seats for Women 10 Reserved seats for Minorities
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Party Seats %Islam-e-Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI) 105 44
Peoples Democratic Alliance(PDA) 45 19Muhajar Quami Mahaz(MQM)
15 6
Other* 72 31
:hamber National Assembly:lection Date ,24 Oct 1990
:otal Seats 237:urnout . %45 5
:rime Minister Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif:uration -6 Nov 1990 18 Apr 1993
5thh eneral Electioneneral Election
*20 Reserved Seats for Women 10 Reserved seats for Minorities
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Party Seats %Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) 86 44
Pakistan Muslim League(PML-N) 73 19-Pakistan Muslim League Junejo( - )PML J
06 06
Other* 72 31
:hamber National Assembly:lection Date ,06 Oct 1993
:otal Seats 237:urnout %41
:rime Minister Benazir Bhutto:uration -19 Oct 1993 5 Nov 1996
6thh eneral Electioneneral Election
*20 Reserved Seats for Women 10 Reserved seats for Minorities
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Party Seats %
Pakistan Muslim League
(PML-N)
137 58
Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) 18 07( )Muttahida Qaumi Movement MQM 12 05
Other* 70 30
:hamber National Assembly:lection Date ,07 Feb 1997
:otal Seats 237:urnout . %35 2
:rime Minister Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif:uration -17 Feb 1997 12 Oct 1999
7thh eneral Electioneneral Election
*20 Reserved Seats for Women 10 Reserved seats for Minorities
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Party Seats* %
Pakistan Muslim League (PML-Quaid)
118 35Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarians
( )PPPP63 19
- -Muttahida Majlis e Amal ( )MMA 59 17Pakistan Muslim League (PML-
Nawaz)18 05
( )Muttahida Qaumi Movement MQM 17 04
Other 67 20
:hamber National Assembly:lection Date ,20 Oct 2002
:otal Seats 342:urnout . %41 8
:rime Minister Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali:uration 23 Nov 2002 26 June 2004
8thh eneral Electioneneral Election
*Including 60 Reserved Seats for Women 10 Reserved seats for Minorities
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Party Seats* %Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarians
( )PPPP126 37
Pakistan Muslim League (PML-
Nawaz)
90 26
Pakistan Muslim League (PML-Qauid)
53 15( )Muttahida Qaumi Movement MQM 25 07
Awami National Party (ANP) 13 04
Other 35 11
:hamber National Assembly:lection Date ,18 Feb 2008
:otal Seats 342:urnout %63
:rime Minister Syed Yousuf Raza Gillani:uration 25 Mar Nov 2008 till today
9thh eneral Election eneral Election
*Including 60 Reserved Seats for Women 10 Reserved seats for Minorities
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ajor Partiesajor Parties
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qLargest political party of Pakistan.qFounded on November 30, 1967 by Z.A
Bhutto
qChairperson: Asif Ali Zardari Bilawal Bhutto
qContest elections on the slogans of "ROTI,
KAPRA AUR MAKANqBasic principles of PPP: Islam is our Faith Democracy is our politics Socialism is our Economy All Power to the People
kistan Peoples Partykistan Peoples Party.
Z A Bhutto
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qFamous .political party of Pakistanq Founded on 1993 by Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharifq :Chairperson
Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif
q :ManifestoRevival of Genuine DemocracyIndependent Judiciary and the Rule of LawTolerant and Pluralistic SocietyEducationHealth
q Won election in 1997
-akistan Muslim League N-kistan Muslim League N
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qFamous .political party of Pakistanq Founded on 2002 by Mian Azharq :Chairperson
ChudharyShujat Husain
q :Manifesto .Live and let live , .Decency tolerance and harmony .Ensuring justice and freedom of expression
.Dignity of the common citizen
Protection and promotion of the rights of the.female
.Protection of the rights of minoritiesq Won election in 2002
-akistan Muslim League Q-akistan Muslim League Q
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uthidda Qaumi Movementuthidda Qaumi Movementq Founded in 1984 by muhajir student leader
Altaf Hussain after leading the all Pakistan.muhajir student movement in 1978
q ,In 1997 MQM became Mutahidda Qaumi Movement
.instead of Muhajir Qaumi Movementq :ChairpersonAltaf Husain
q :ManifestoProvincial Autonomy .EducationHealth .Agrarian ReformsPoverty Alleviation And Unemployment
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q Founded in 1986 by Abdul Wali Khan as.continuation of National Awami Party
q :Chairperson AsfandYar Wali Khan
q :ManifestoDemocracy .Guarantees for protection of rights .Freedom from external domination
.Freedom from sectarianismSocial justice
wami National Partywami National Party
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qOldest party operating in PakistanqFounded by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi on 26
August 1941.
qThe party is termed most democratic forholding elections of party's president everyfive years.
qChairperson: Monawar Hasan
qManifesto: DJI envisions "iqamat-e-deen", establishment of
an Islamic administration governing byIslamic law.
qRuled one of four provinces NWFP as a
- -amat e-amat eIslamislami
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blems of Pakistalems of PakistaPoliticsolitics
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Personality vs Issues :personality wins!!!
ssue Basedssue BasedPoliticsoliticsq
qCore issues are always neglectedq
q -Non existence of proactive policies to.solve the basic problems
qLack of responsibility shown by the
political partiesqq
qq
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Garbage In: Garbage
Out
Feudalismeudalismq Majority of the politicians belong to this
category
qq Lack of interaction with the common manqq Leads to lack of development in rural
areas
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An Ever Itching
Palmq
ilitaryilitaryCoupsoupsqA major factor of political destabilization
qq Always leaves an uneven ground for the
politiciansqq Always leavea level of uncertainty among
politicians
q
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Selective orwholistic???
Accountabilityccountabilityq Has always been biased throughout the
history
q
q .Independent NAB non existentqq Recent SC decision is a new glimmer of
!!!hope
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Thank You