paku 4 divisio maret 2013
DESCRIPTION
tumbuhan pakuTRANSCRIPT
-
Seedless Vascular Plants
TUMBUHAN BERPEMBULUH
TIDAK BERBIJI
(PAKU)
Pteridophyta
SULISETIJONO FAKULTAS SAINTEK UIN MALIKI MALANG
-
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
4
Division - Psilophyta
Sulisetijono
-
P. Psilotophyta: Psilotum Whisk Fern
Sulisetijono
-
Major Taxonomic Groups
Psilophyta
Whisk Ferns
- Free-living sporophyte
and gametophyte
- No leaves or roots
- Only one known genus
survives today, but they
were much more
diverse in the past
- NOTE despite the
name, they are not true
ferns
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
Batang dikotom
Sporangium
Sulisetijono
-
10
Whisk Ferns
Have a
photosynthetic, aerial
forked stem
Looks like a small,
green twiggy bush
Have TRUE stems,
but NO leaves or roots
Only two living genera
Stems with spore cases
Sulisetijono
-
11
Whisk Ferns
Have rootlike stems structures called Rhizomes to anchor (cant absorb water)
May asexually reproduce from rhizomes
Sexually reproduce by spores made in Sporangia (spore cases on the stems)
Sporangia
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
Phylum
Lycophyta grow on tropical trees as epiphytes
they are NOT parasites
the sporophytes have upright stems with many small leaves plus ground-hugging stems that produce branching roots
in the club mosses the sporophylls are clustered into club-shaped cones = strobili
homosporous
spike mosses and quillworts - heterosporous
Isoetes
gunnii,
a quillwort
Diphasiastrum tristachyum, a club moss
Strobili
(clusters of
sporophyllis)
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
P. Lycophyta: Lycopodium Ground Pine
Sulisetijono
-
16
Club Moss
Commonly called ground
pines
Bushy, tree like branches
above, but unbranched at the
base
Have deep growing root like
Rhizomes
Live in moist woods and
clearings
Small leaves with single
unbranched vein
Leaves
Sulisetijono
-
Young Club moss
sporophyte
Shoot system
Vascular system
Sulisetijono
-
18
Club Moss
Sporophylls (spore cases) are found in the axils of leaves
Form cone shaped structures called Strobili
May be homosporous (make one type of spore) or heterosporous (make 2 types of spores)
Sulisetijono
-
19
Club Moss Spores
Genus Lycopodium is
homosporous
Contain chemicals that
explode & burn quickly
Yellowish powdery spores
used in fireworks and
explosives
Spore
Burning Lycopodium powder Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
21
Club Moss Sporophylls
Strobili
Sporophylls
Sulisetijono
-
22
Other Uses for Club Moss
Sometimes boiled in water to produce a medicinal tea or an eye wash
Ground pines, green all winter, are used in Christmas decorations
Ancestors of modern club mosses helped form coal during the carboniferous period
Sulisetijono
-
Phylum Pterophyta whisk ferns
dichotomously branching stems but no roots
stems have scale-like outgrowths that lack vascular tissue
stems may have evolved as reduced leaves
homosporous with spores that give rise to bisexual gametophytes that grow underground
considered to be living fossils due to their resemblance to fossils of ancient vascular plants
horsetails
named for the brushy appearance of the stems
arthrophytes jointed plants
rings of small leaves or branches can emerge from each joint
stem is the main photosynthetic organ
ferns
ferns have megaphylls
sporophylls typically have horizontal stems that give rise to large leaves called fronds divided into leaflets
frond grows as the fiddlehead
almost all species are homosporous
gametophyte shrivels and dies after the young sporophyte detaches itself
the sporangia are stalked with spring-like devices that disperse the spores Sulisetijono
-
Major Taxonomic Groups
Lycophyta
Club Mosses
- Free-living sporophyte
and gametophytes
- True roots, stems, and
leaves
- 300MYA, these were
the dominant flora with
large, expansive
swamp-forests of
lycopods.
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
P. Lycophyta: Selaginella Spike Moss
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
P. Lycophyta: Isoetes - Quillwort
Sulisetijono
-
Figure 29.14 Isoetes (a quillwort) in the phylum Lycophyta.
Represented today by
a single genus
Live in marshy areas Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
Phylum Equisetophyta: Equisetum Horse Tail
Sulisetijono
-
43
Division - Sphenophyta
Sulisetijono
-
Major Taxonomic Groups
Sphenophyta
Horsetails
- Free-living sporophyte
and gametophyte
- Circular, ribbed stems
with whorled leaves
- Again, much more
diverse in the past
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
48
Horsetails
Only one living (extant) species - Equisteum
Also called scouring rushes
Hollow, jointed Stems contain silica & were once used to scrub pots
Photosynthetic aerial stem
Underground Rhizomes
Sulisetijono
-
49
Horsetails
Reproduce by spores at the tips of branches
In prehistoric times, grew as tall as trees
Found in wetlands
Stems with sunken stomata to save water
Some spores have elaters, cells that act as moisture-sensitive springs, assisting spore dispersal
Stem with a whorl (at each node) of branches and dark-tipped leaves
Sulisetijono
-
50
Uses for Horsetails
Use to fight plant fungi
Used in some mouthwashes to cure mouth ulcers
Used as diuretics to eliminate excess water (weight loss products)
Toxic to animals (sheep, cattle, horses)
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono
-
Equiseteum cross section
Sulisetijono
-
Sulisetijono