paleozoic (542-251 mya) events
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Paleozoic (542-251 mya) events. Late Paleozoic-key things. ・. Several key things happen beginning at. the end of the Silurian through the Permian. -. Assembly of Pangaea (also spelled Pangea). >. rearranges amounts of shallow marine habitats. >. rearranges climate of the world. >. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Paleozoic (542-251 mya) events
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Late Paleozoic-key thingsLate Paleozoic-key things・ ・ Several key things happen beginning atSeveral key things happen beginning at
the end of the Silurian through the Permianthe end of the Silurian through the Permian- - Assembly of Pangaea (also spelled Pangea)Assembly of Pangaea (also spelled Pangea)
> > rearranges amounts of shallow marine habitatsrearranges amounts of shallow marine habitats> > rearranges climate of the worldrearranges climate of the world> > organisms are becoming more diverseorganisms are becoming more diverse> > more families of organisms appearingmore families of organisms appearing
- - Development of ChordatesDevelopment of Chordates> > probably in repsonse to increasing competitionprobably in repsonse to increasing competition> > includes many common animals includes many common animals
- - Development of land plantsDevelopment of land plants> >
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PangaeaPangaea・ ・ assembled by the early Permianassembled by the early Permian・ ・ as it comes togetheras it comes together
- - shallow epicontinental seas diminish in sizeshallow epicontinental seas diminish in size> > periodic- i.e., still fluctuating but getting smallerperiodic- i.e., still fluctuating but getting smaller
- - Mountains are sources of sediment to the east Mountains are sources of sediment to the east and west in USand west in US
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Devonian world- tectonic & paleogeographic setting Devonian world- tectonic & paleogeographic setting
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Devonian Paleogeography of N. America
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Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) world- tectonic and paleogeographic setting
Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) world- tectonic and paleogeographic setting
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Permian world- tectonic & paleogeographic setting
Permian world- tectonic & paleogeographic setting
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Schematic CyclothemSchematic Cyclothem
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Colonizing land• plants were the first things to colonizethe land
• late Silurian- two big categories of plants
> Tracheophytes or vascular plants (trees, ferns, andother plants with tissues that could transportnutrients)
> Chlorophytes or green algae > these were probably around since the Ordovician butadapted to fresh water settings
Colonizing land• plants were the first things to colonizethe land
• late Silurian- two big categories of plants
> Tracheophytes or vascular plants (trees, ferns, andother plants with tissues that could transportnutrients)
> Chlorophytes or green algae > these were probably around since the Ordovician butadapted to fresh water settings
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Factors for plants to overcome• moisture
- adapt to freshwater- adapt to move from saturated ground
• stablility- not true wood producing plants
> e.g., ferns and plants that have little in the way ofwoody vascular tissues
• nutrients- root systems needed to develop
• reproduction- early plants used spores (seedless) means
• Explains why they took so long to colonize
Factors for plants to overcome• moisture
- adapt to freshwater- adapt to move from saturated ground
• stablility- not true wood producing plants
> e.g., ferns and plants that have little in the way ofwoody vascular tissues
• nutrients- root systems needed to develop
• reproduction- early plants used spores (seedless) means
• Explains why they took so long to colonize
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Coal forests in Pennsylvanian andCoal forests in Pennsylvanian andMississippianMississippian
• • evidence suggests they did not stray too farevidence suggests they did not stray too farfrom water sourcesfrom water sources
- - few plants in upland areasfew plants in upland areas
• • Plant species like Plant species like LepidodendronLepidodendron (a family of (a family ofplants known as a Lycopsids)plants known as a Lycopsids)
- - got really huge in the late Carboniferousgot really huge in the late Carboniferous
• • Sphenopsids (spine-like rushes and horsetailSphenopsids (spine-like rushes and horsetailplants)plants)
- - smaller than Lycopsidssmaller than Lycopsids
• • Both reproduce by means of spores asBoth reproduce by means of spores asopposed to seedsopposed to seeds
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Ferns and tree ferns・ also around beginning in late Devonian
- haven't changed much in 370 million years
・ wide variety of sizes- some were small- some were as big as the biggest trees today
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Seed bearing plantsSeed bearing plants• • "seed ferns" were the first plants to"seed ferns" were the first plants toproduce true seedsproduce true seeds
- - unlike real ferns that produce spores forunlike real ferns that produce spores forreproductionreproduction
• • occurs in late Pennsylvanianoccurs in late Pennsylvanian• • Offers a resistant package that can beOffers a resistant package that can be
transported long distances beforetransported long distances beforegerminatinggerminating
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The “trunk” of a seed fern
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Key moments in Animal Kingdom• Silurian saw development of fishes
- Fishes with bony structures on the outside
• includes a group called the Ostracoderms- "shell-skins"
• includes a group called the Agnathids- Hagfish and Lampreys (i.e., jawless fishes)
• Includes a group called Placoderms- "plate-skins"
Key moments in Animal Kingdom• Silurian saw development of fishes
- Fishes with bony structures on the outside
• includes a group called the Ostracoderms- "shell-skins"
• includes a group called the Agnathids- Hagfish and Lampreys (i.e., jawless fishes)
• Includes a group called Placoderms- "plate-skins"
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Reconstruction of ostracoderm Pteraspis
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A Placoderm fish about to munch on an unsuspecting lobe-finned fish
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Chondricthyans "cartilagenousfish"
• includes sharks, skates, and rays• developed in late Silurian and becamedominant in late Devonian- Have existed relatively unchanged for 375million years!
Chondricthyans "cartilagenousfish"
• includes sharks, skates, and rays• developed in late Silurian and becamedominant in late Devonian- Have existed relatively unchanged for 375million years!
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Osteichthyans "bony fishes"Osteichthyans "bony fishes"• • these show up in Devonian as wellthese show up in Devonian as well• • eventually giving rise to Tetrapodseventually giving rise to Tetrapods
- - organisms that will eventually colonize theorganisms that will eventually colonize thelandland
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Colonizing land - animal kingdomColonizing land - animal kingdom• • Arthropods were first complex animals toArthropods were first complex animals tocolonize the landcolonize the land
- - bugs!bugs!
• • Amphibians were the first vertebrates toAmphibians were the first vertebrates tomove onto landmove onto land
- - still tied to the water for reproduction thoughstill tied to the water for reproduction though
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Evolutionary links between lobe finsEvolutionary links between lobe finsand tetrapodsand tetrapods
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Chondrichthyes fossilChondrichthyes fossil• • a fossil skate a fossil skate
- - related to sharksrelated to sharks- - and stingraysand stingrays
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Coelocanth fishCoelocanth fish• • lobe finned fishes are classified aslobe finned fishes are classified as
Sarcopterygians and CrossopterygiansSarcopterygians and Crossopterygians
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During the Carboniferous andDuring the Carboniferous andPermian insects like dragonfliesPermian insects like dragonfliesgot very largegot very large
• • Permian dragonfly had a wingspan of 1.5Permian dragonfly had a wingspan of 1.5meters!meters!
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Permian TetrapodPermian Tetrapodamphibian amphibian CacopsCacops
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Permian Reptile- DimetrodonPermian Reptile- Dimetrodon
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a late Permian tetrapod a late Permian tetrapodamphibianamphibian
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4 big extinction events during the4 big extinction events during thePaleozoicPaleozoic
• • OrdovicianOrdovician• • SilurianSilurian• • DevonianDevonian• • PermianPermian
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