paleozoic plant evolution. first forays: intertidal marine algae
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![Page 1: Paleozoic Plant Evolution. First Forays: Intertidal Marine Algae](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649d605503460f94a41a48/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Paleozoic Plant Evolution
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First Forays:Intertidal
Marine Algae
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Problems with Moving to Land1. Conserving water - not drying out
2. Obtaining & circulating water, food & gases
3. Overcoming gravity
4. Reproduction
5. Exposure to UV
Sunlight above groundNutrients below ground
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Plant Solutions to Dry Living1. Conserving water - not drying out
2. Obtaining & circulating water, food & gases
3. Overcoming gravity
4. Reproduction
5. Exposure to UV
Developed waxy coating
Vascular tissue and roots, and pores
Thicker cells - wood/cellulose
First spores, then pollen, seeds, & flowers
Pigments
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First Colonists: Bryophytes
No “Plumbing System” - small low to the ground
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Early Plants:
1. Stabilized soil - reduced erosion
2. Began the process of creating soil
3. Provided food for animals to move to land
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Vascular Plant Evolution
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Vascular Plants
Rhynia
“Plumbing” and woody material allowed for increase in size
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First Plants ReproducedUsing Spores
(Still required water)
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Horsetails(Calamites)
Annulariastellata
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Ferns
Pecopteris sp.
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Clubmoses:Lepidodendron
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Miss/Penn Forests(Ferns, Horsetails & Clubmoss)
Illustration by Mary Parrish
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Gymnosperms
Pollen (male)
Seed Cone (Female)
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Seed Ferns
Neuropteris sp.
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Ginkos
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Conifers
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Angiosperms
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The “Not-So-Naked” Seed
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Fossil Leaves and Flowers
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Plant Summary
1. Paleozoic - Plants move to land- Dominated by bryophytes & seedless vascular Plants
2. Mesozoic - Dominated by gymnosperms- Angiosperms arise
3. Cenozoic - Dominated by angiosperms
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First in Flight - Pennsylvanian
Cretaceousdragonfly
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Meganeura monyi (roughly to scale)
The largest insect in history
More to come in the Mesozoic…