palm oil mill processing
TRANSCRIPT
PALM OIL MILL PROCESSINGBENEDICT DAD KNOWLDEN
A147029
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING 2015/2016NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA
(JKMB)
KKS-TANAH MERAH PALM OIL MILL, SIME DARBY PLANTATION
(TANAH MERAH, NEGERI SEMBELAN)
INTRODUCTION
Mill Background
Mill's Objectives/Targets
Process Flow/operation
Projects/Task
Conclusion
Mill Background
• One of Sime Darby's 44 mills in malaysia.
• Designed by Amsterdam.
• Commissioned on 28th February1978.
• Capacity of 30 metric ton per hour.
• Land occupied = 4.5 hectares
Mill's Objectives/Targets
• To produce Crude Palm oil.– Premium Quality
(FFA<=1.2).– Standard Quality
(1.2<FFA<1.5).
• To achieve maximum OER
• Productivity must be 30 MT/hr
Process Flow/OperationReception
Sterilizer
Digester
Press Cake
Cracker
Winnower
Diluted Crude Oil
Fiber
Nut Bin
Shell
Empty Bunch
Recycle Water
Sludge
Sterilizer Condensate
Solid Waste (POME)
Crude Palm Oil (Dispatch)
Palm Kernel
(Dispatch)
Process Flow Chart FFB from Field
ThresherC.O. Vibrating Screen
Screw Press
DCO Tank
Clarifier
Depericarper
Pure Oil TankSludge Tank
Sludge Centrifuge
Rotary Screens
E.T.P
Vacuum Dryer
Purifier
CPO Storage Tank
Shell Compartment
Boiler
Hydro Cyclone
Kernel Silo
Bulk Kernel Silo
EFB Ramp
Steam Turbine
USB
ElectricitySteam
Hot Water
MPD
Shell (Dispatch)
EFB
Shell
Undiluted Crude Oil
Screen Solids
Centrifuge Waste
R.S.O.
Typical Palm Oil Mill Process Flow (Crude Oil)
Moisture< 0.18%Dirt < 0.02%PQ < 1.2% FFAStd Oil < 5% Max FFA
Effluent Treatment
Plant
Sludge
Purifying
Reception
Sterilization
Pressing
Screening
Clarifying
Threshing
Drying
Oil Recovering
Recovered
OilOil Storage Tank
Typical Palm Oil Mill Process Flow (Kernel)
• .
Admixture< 6%Moisture < 7%
Heater
Cyclones
Shell & FibreBoile
rTurbine
Reception Threshing
Nut Cracking
Sterilization
Winnowing
Depericarping
Hydrocyclone
Pressing
Kernel Despatch Silo
Projects/Task
Bearings and Gearbox
Critical Machines
Machinery List
Familarization(Station)
Work Schedule
Familarization (Stations)
1. Reception Station2. Fruit Handling Station3. Sterilization Station4. Threshing Station5. Pressing Station6. Depericarping Station7. Kernel Recovery
Station
8. Clarification Station9. Palm Product Storage
and Dispatch Station10. Effluent Treatment
Plant11. Water Treatment Plant 12. Boiler Station13. Power Generation
Station
The following are the 13 main stations at the palm oil mill required to be operational during processing of the palm fruit:
Reception and Fruit Handling
FFB weigh IN. Palm Products weigh out consignment checked
• FFB is put in cages• 2.25mt per cage.
• Fertilization• EFB is transported to
estate
• to assess the grade of FFB• Aid in OER determination
• Hoist and Crane• travel in one axis• Lifting and Tilting Operation
Machinery List
Conveyors Motors Gearbox
• Scrapper• Ribbon• Belt• Bucket
• Synchronous• Induction• Star(Y)/Delta• Squirel Cage
• Coupling size• Ratio
Conveyor Details
Conveyor
Motors
Critical Machines
Boiler.
Cake Breaker Conveyor
Turbine
Sterilizer
Screw Press
Depericarping Drum
1. BOILER
General Description:-
A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated under pressure. The fluid is then circulated out of the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications.
BOILER
The main functions of the station are as follows:‑– To convert the chemical
energy in the palm shell and fibre to heat energy in boiler furnace.
– To transfer the heat energy to the water in the water circuit of the boiler and convert it to steam.
– To supply steam to the Power Station for generating electricity.
– To supply steam for other process units in the mill.
BOILER• Water tube boiler.
– High pressure(40psi) boiler.
– Produce superheated steam at 390°C or higher.
– Water at the bottom of the steam drum flow back to the feed water drum via large-bore 'downcomer tubes', where it helps pre-heat the feed water supply.
– To increase the economy of the boiler, the exhaust gasses are also used to pre-heat the air blown into the furnace and warm the feed water supply.
BOILER
Combustion Theory• To achieve good
combustion, there are 3 important factors: -1. Time2. Temperature3. Turbulence
DESIRABLE RESERVES IN BOILER WATER (Phosphate Base)
Remarks:Chemical Dosage (RWT) = x ppm/1000 X Water Consumption X Operation Hrs
2. Cake Breaker Conveyor
• Function– Convey press cake
to winnower.– While conveying, it
breaks the cake in order to separate the nuts from fiber.
3. STEAM TURBINE
General Description:-
A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into useful mechanical work.
Heat Energy (Steam)
Kinetic Energy (Velocity)
Electrical Energy (Alternator)
STEAM TURBINE
STEAM TURBINE
MAIN COMPONENT
1. Inlet Flange2. Combination Trip and Throttle Valve (Combo Valve)3. Governor4. Inlet Casing (Steam Chest)5. Exhaust Flange6. Nozzles and Blades7. Bearings8. Shaft Seals9. Turning Gear
STEAM TURBINE
INLET FLANGE
• Steam Supply go through to the inlet flange prior to turbine.
• Steam can go through after the valve is open.
STEAM TURBINE
COMBINATION TRIP AND THROTTLE VALVE
• Over speed Trip valve is mechanically actuated that interrupts the supply of steam to the turbine during an over speed condition or other emergency.
• Throttle valve is to control the amount of steam entering the turbine and thereby determines the speed and power produced by the turbine.
STEAM TURBINE
GOVERNOR
• The governor sense the speed of the turbine and open or close the throttle valve, as appropriate, to maintain the set speed
STEAM TURBINE
INLET CASING
• Inlet casing (Steam chest) is the casing section containing the high pressure inlet steam.
• Steam enters the inlet casing from the combo valve and travels through nozzles in the nozzle block and turn the wheel.
STEAM TURBINE
EXHAUST FLANGE
• The flange connects the turbine to the user’s exhaust steam line or back pressure vessel
STEAM TURBINE
LABYRITH
TURBINE BLADE
STEAM TURBINE
STEAM TURBINE
TRIPPING MECHANISM
STEAM TURBINE
MAINTENANCE OF STEAM TURBINE
4. STERILIZER
Reception
Sterilizer
Functions:•To loosen the loose fruit•To stop enzymatic FFA rise•To dehydrate the fruit & nut•To soften the mesocarp
STERILIZER
5. SCREW PRESS
General Description:-
• Screw Press is designed and developed for the efficient extraction of palm oil from oil palm fruits.
• It also minimizes the broken nut level to enhance kernel recovery.
• The Screw Press has been widely and successfully used for Palm Oil Mill.
SCREW PRESS
Digester
Kernel Recovery Plant
Oil Recovery Plant
Functions:•To condition the fruits in digester•To extract optimum oil.
Reception
Sterilization
Threshing
Digester / Screw Press
Screw Press
SCREW PRESS
KERNEL RECOVERING STATION - DEPERICARPING.
Fibre Cyclone
Foreign material
Polishing Drum
DepericarperFunctions:•To separate fiber from nuts
through vacuum suction•To polish the nuts for cracking•To remove foreign material
Reception
Sterilization
Threshing Pressing
Fibre
KERNEL RECOVERING STATION - DEPERICARPING.
• Function– Remove dirt
from nuts.– Rotate
continuously to ensure fiber nut separation
– Polish nut for cracking
CONCLUSION
• The operation of a palm oil mill is essential in that, mill uses its own source of energy to maximize production of crude oil.
• Energy conservation is sustained• Recyclability is encouraged
THANK YOU