Pancreas

PancreasPancreas Anatomy

Located retroperitoneal, posterior to stomach

Midportion from the upper right to the left quadrant

PartsHeadBody Tail

PancreasPancreas

Complex organ Two types of function

Exocrine function Endocrine function

Function of Pancreas

Function of Pancreas

Exocrine function

Compound acinar gland – connects to small ducts – connects to larger ducts – joins the pancreatic duct – joins the common bile duct and enters the duodenum (small bowel)

Function of Pancreas

Function of Pancreas

What are the secretions and what do they do?

Hco3 Enzymes to digest protein

Trypsin Chymotrypsin Carboxypeptidases Nuclease

Enzyme to digest Carbohydrate Pancreatic amylase

Enzymes to digest Lipids Pancreatic lipase

Function of Pancreas

Function of Pancreas

Control of function

Form Initiating factor

Result

Hormonal

Secretin Acidic chyme

Large amounts of HCO3 to neutralize acid

Cholecystokinin

Fatty acids and amino acids

Digest fatty acid and amino acids

Neural Parasympathetic stimulus

food Secretion of enzymes into the gut

Function of Pancreas

Function of Pancreas

Endocrine function Specialised cells (tissue) – secretes hormones directly into blood stream

DigestionDigestion

Digestion – breaking down of food to molecules

Mechanical – larger to smaller

Chemical – breaking of covalent bonds

Digestion, Absorption and

Transport

DigestionDigestion

Digestion – breaking down of food to molecules

Carbohydrates – monosaccharides

Protein – aminoacids Fats – fatty acids and glycerol

AbsorptionAbsorption

Absorption – begins in the stomach

Mainly alcohol,asprin but NOT the three main food products

TransportTransport

Transport – move the molecules across the intestinal wall

Facillitated diffusion- no need energy e.g glcose from cell to blood

Cotransport – requires energy e.g glucose from intestine to cell

Active transport – requires energy e.g amino acid from blood to organs

Carbohydrate, Lipid Protein ,

Water and Mineral

CarbohydrateCarbohydrate Cellulose

(plant cell- fiber not carbohydrate) Starches

(plant energy storage molecule) Glycogen

( muscle energy storage molecule)

Sucrose Fructose Lactose

Complex carbohydrate

Disacharide

CarbohydrateCarbohydrate

Complex carbohydrate

Disacharide

Salivary amylase

Disacharidase-intestine

Polysaccharides

Monosaccharides

Digestion

DisacharidesPolysaccharides

Pancreatic amylase

CarbohydrateCarbohydrate

-Glucose + Glucose

-Glucose + Maltose

-Glucose + Galactose

-Sucrose

-Fructose

-Lactose

Disaccharide Monosacharide

Disaccharidase

Digestion

CarbohydrateCarbohydrate

Absorption and Transport

Glucose is the end product in blood is a source of energy is stored and use by the cells and increased/decreased by the presence of insulin

Intestine Intestine cell Blood/capillary

Cotransport Facillitated diffusion

LipidsLipids

Triglycerides – three fatty acids and glycerol

Phospholipids – required for transport and solubility of fat

Steroids Cholesterol, corticosteroid, esters

LipidsLipidsTransforms large lipid into smaller droplets

Emulsification by bile salts

Transforms large lipid into smaller droplets

Pancreatic amylase

Fatty acid and monoacylglycerides

DigestionLipid

LipidsLipids Absorption and Transport

Intestine

Within Intestine cell they are packed into chylomicron

Carried in lacteals as chyle into liver and stored as cholesterol, LDL, HDL

Simple diffusion Exocytosis

LDL,HDL, Triglyceride and cholesterol is the end product in blood is a source of energy is stored and use by the cells

ProteinsProteins

Plant protein Animal protein

ProteinsProteins

Polypeptides

Pepsin

Trypsin,chymotrypsin,carboxypeptidase

Peptides

Digestion

Polypeptides

Protein

Peptides Amino acids

Peptidases

ProteinProtein Absorption and Transport

Intestine

Within Intestine cell they brokendown to amino acid

Carried in blood to liver and throughout the body

Cotransport Active transport

Amino acid is the end product in blood is a source of building block and the rest is metabolised to release energy and indirectly converted to small amounts of glycogen and the rest as fat which is stored and use by the cells. Transport is stimulated by growth hormone and insulin

Water and MineralWater and Mineral

9 liters enters the digestive tract 2l – food 1l – salivary gland 2L – Gastric secretion 1.2L – Pancreatic secretion 0.7L – Bile 2L – Small intestine

97% absorbed in small intestine

6-7% in large intestine

1% excreted in faeces

Water and MineralWater and Mineral Absorption and Transport

Intestine Within Intestine Blood

Osmosis Osmosis

Na ,K, Ca, Mg, PO4,

Cl-Active transport

Passive transport in duodenum /Active transport in ileum

Blood