Panel 4 Emerging Markets for Nano-Enabled Biomaterials

TAPPI 2009 International Conference on Nanotechnology for the Forest Products Industry

John G. Cowie Ph.D.Agenda 2020 Technology Alliance

American Forest & Paper Association

June 26, 2009

Emerging Markets for Nano-Enabled Biomaterials

Outline

•Introduction: Agenda 2020 & Forest Products Industry (FPI)•Nanotechnology in the FPI•Focus areas for nanotechnology•Priorities industry will support

•2006 Roadmap•Most recent FPI priorities

•Nanomanufacturing – new growth area

Agenda 2020 Technology Alliance

Member alliance promoting transformational R&D for forest products industrySpecial Project of the American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA), the national trade association of the forest products industryAn industry-led partnership with government (e.g. USDA Forest Service, DOE, NIST, EPA, etc.) and academia Reinvent the forest products industry through innovation in processes, materials and marketsThe collaborative, pre-competitive research, development, and deployment provide the foundation for new technology-driven business models

Reinventing the forest products industry through innovation 3

Moving Nanotechnology Forward in the Forest Products Sector

2005 FPI Nanotechnology Roadmap2006 AF&PA Agenda 2020 FPI Technology Roadmap2006 Priorities Workshop2007 NNI Forest Products Industry CBAN Consultative Board for Advancing Nanotechnology2008 Focus Workshop2009 Update FPI Technology Roadmap

Reinventing the forest products industry through innovation 5

Agenda 2020 Innovation in the Forest Products Industry

The Forest Products Industry has developed: a strong public-private partnershipa common and agreed upon agenda for advancing nanotechnology

Agenda 2020 signed a Consultative Board for Advancing Nanotechnology (CBAN) with the NSET subcommittee through the National Nanotechnology Coordination Office (NNCO)

Conversion of industry goals to underlying fundamental science needsLink with other industry sectors to explore commonalities in fundamental science

1. Higher strength, lighter weight materials/products2. Forest nano nano-materials (e.g. cellulose

nanocrystalline fibrils)3. Controlling water / lignocellulosic interactions4. Producing hyper-performance nano nano-

composites5. Capturing/enhancing photonic and electronic

properties6. Reducing energy use and capital costs in

processing

Priority Forest Products Industry: Focus Areas For NanotechnologyBased on Forest Products Industry Technology Roadmap (2006)

Priorities Forest Products Industry Will Support

1. Improving the strength/weight performance of paper and wood-based structural materials

2. Developing new value-added features for paper and forest products

3. Creating new revenue streams based on innovative forest-derived nanomaterials

Priority #1 Improved Strength / Weight Performance

Objective: Make paper and paperboard products with 20-40% less fiber by significantly increasing strength of the fiber substrate, thereby enabling producers to exploit the strength improvement in grade-specific ways, including:

Reducing basis weight

Using significantly more recycled fiber and

fibers of inferior quality

Using inexpensive fillers

Photos from: Marielle Henriksson, Lars A. Berglund, Per Isaksson,Tom Lindstro¨m, and Takashi Nishino|, KTH, Stockholm Sweden

Priority #1 Improved Strength / Weight Performance

Enabling technologies – pre-competitive research:Increase strength of fiber/fiber bonds and

overall fiber web strengthImprove strength and usefulness of low-quality

fibers, including recycled fiber and mechanical pulpsUse nanotechnologies to permit significant

concentration of inexpensive non-fibrous fillersEmploy nanomaterials to increase opacity of

fibrous websDevelop coatings and surface treatments that

increase strength and stiffness of paper webs

Photos from: Marielle Henriksson, Lars A. Berglund, Per Isaksson,Tom Lindstro¨m, and Takashi Nishino|, KTH, Stockholm Sweden

Priority #1 Improved Strength / Weight Performance

The ubiquitous nature of cellulose. (a)Cellulose nanocrystals dispersed (b)Optical image of straw on ground outside the NIST Advanced Measurement Laboratory (re-seeding project) taken on the same day.

Photos from: Michael T. Postek, Andras Vladar, John Dagata, Natalia Farkas, Bin MingRonald Sabo, Theodore H. Wegner and James BeecherNIST, Gaithersburg, MD

Priority #2Develop New Value-Added Features: Optical

Objective: Develop new fiber-based products that take advantage of the special

optical and photonic properties of nanomaterials

Target market opportunities:Lightweight printing papers with high opacity

Paperboard with high light barrier for packaging light-sensitive contents without use of metal foil

Papers and folding cartons with new security and anti-counterfeiting features

White-surfaced paper and paperboard with high content of recycled and/or unbleached fiber

Priority #2Develop New Value-Added Features: Optical

Optically Transparent Nanofiber PaperMasaya Nogi,* Shinichiro Iwamoto, Antonio Norio Nakagaito, and Hiroyuki YanoKyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Paper Airplane: Polished nanofiber paper folds like traditional paper Imaging and holography with nanoparticles

Comparison of traditional paper scatters more light than unpolished nanofiber paper (left).

Priority #2Develop New Value-Added Features: Optical

Electro-active paper for a durable biomimetic actuatorSung-Ryul Yun, Gyu Young Yun, Jung Hwan Kim, Yi Chen and Jaehwan Kim1Center for EAPap Actuator, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 7-49 Songdo-Dong, Yeonsu-Ku, Incheon 402-751, Korea

•Cellulose based electro-active paper (EAP) has been discovered as a smart material •When an electric field is applied across the thickness direction of the paper, it produces a large bending deformation•Light weight, biodegradability, low price, large bending displacement, low power consumption and piezoelectricity

Priority #3Develop Materials of the Future

Objective: Create new revenue streams with new products based on novel forest-derived nanomaterials (materials of the future)

Target market opportunities:High-performance composites, including structural panels for

transportation and constructionHigh-strength wood composites and wood productsHigh-strength paper and paperboard substratesChemicals, pigments, additives

Priority #3Develop Materials of the Future

Enabling technologies – pre-competitive research: Energy-efficient liberation and fractionation of cellulose

nanocrystals from woodFunctionalization and chemical modification of surfaces of

cellulosic nanomaterialsProcesses for preparing, stabilizing, and utilizing wood-based

nanomaterials in manufacture of compositesBiomimicry – using nanomaterials for ultra high strength and

particular effects by imitating natural structuresInvestigation of non-cellulosic nanomaterials obtainable from

wood

Biomimicry:Optical Efficiency in Ultra-Thin Structures

South-east Asian beetle (Cyphochilus spp.) is covered with a white surface structureUnderneath is black

P Vukusic, B Hallam and J Noyes, ‘Brilliant whiteness in ultrathin beetle scales’, Science, 315, 348 (2007)

Source: Belcher et al 1999

Abalone Shell

Source :K Autumn, PNAS 2006

Gecko Feet

Biomimicry:Strengthening - Building Blocks and Interfaces

nacre

dentinbone

enamel

Source :Gao, Fratzl et al, PNAS 2004

Nanomanufacturing Potential New Growth Area

The projected growth in manufactured goods incorporating nanotechnology is tremendous.

Global investment in nanotechnology rose to nearly $13.5 billion in 2007.

– U.S. investment equals ~36% of total– The U.S. has the largest revenue from

nanotechnology, but Europe is catching upManufactured Goods

Incorporating Nanotechnology

$0

$500

$1,000

$1,500

$2,000

$2,500

$3,000

$3,500

2007 2015

Bill

ions

of D

olla

rs

$147 Billion

$3.1 Trillion

Source: Lux Research

Mill

ions

of D

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GovernmentPrivate

Investments in Nanotechnology

Reinventing the forest products industry through innovation 19

Thank you