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A technical paper presentation On

THE WIRELESS WATER AND VACCINE MONITORING WITH SENSORS

[COLD TRACE]

PRESENTED BY

N.RAMALINGESWARA REDDY

K.MOUNIKA

K.HARIKA

[email protected]

III-IT

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE ANDENGINEERING

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ABSTRACT

Cold Trace is a low-cost wireless sensor

designed to improve access to vaccines

which protect thousands of children’s

against diseases such as tuberculosis and

polio. The sensor remotely monitors the

temperature of vaccines. It also provides a

better understanding of the vaccine cold

storage, transportation and distribution

infrastructures, particularly in areas where

regular records are not maintained. it will

help us move toward providing more

vaccines and safer medical treatments to

millions of children’s around the world.

INTRODUCTION

Cold Trace is a new innovative project that

uses wireless temperature sensors,

repurposed cell phones, and a notification

system to track temperatures of cold storage

units and alert clinic managers by SMS

when temperatures begin to threaten the

medicine.

According to development in many

developing countries electricity and backup

power can be erratic in clinics and often

times there are not enough resources

available to accurately and routinely

measure vaccine refrigeration temperatures.

Many of the power outages in these areas

happen at night or over the weekend and

result in spoiled vaccine supplies that play a

role in the spreading of preventable diseases

in these regions.

The Cold Trace project wants to construct a

temperature sensor that connects to cold

boxes and refrigeration units along the

supply chain, has a less cost, and can

provide real-time monitoring and alerts for

clinics and government agencies.

Unlike similar approaches that develop their

own microcontrollers the Cold Trace project

uses modified cell phones for the data

collection and transmission to cut down on

upfront capital costs. The data that is

gathered from each device in the network is

sent to a global database that can track

historical vaccine distribution patterns and

can then be used by clinics and health

agencies to improve forecasting needs for

the area over time.

WHAT IS COLDTRACE?

on their journey to rural clinics in

developing countries Cold Trace is a new,

low-cost temperature sensor that wirelessly

connects with other Cold Trace units to

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http://www.nexleaf.org/vaccine-delivery

create a global sensor network designed to

keep vaccines safe.

Cold Trace uses a cell phone to keep track

of the temperature inside refrigerators where

vaccines are stored and sends a text message

alert to clinic managers when the

temperatures are reaching dangerous limits.

The alert gives the managers a chance to

either fix the refrigerator or move the

vaccines to a safer location.

Cold Trace data is transmitted by every

device in the network to a global database

that helps health agencies, hospitals and

clinics understand the weaknesses in their

vaccine distribution systems and make better

decisions that ensure life-saving treatments

reach everyone.

After only one month using Cold Trace, all

8 clinics in Kenya that tested the device

have said they would like to start paying for

units. This sentiment was echoed by the

District Minister of Health, who has said he

can partially fund a scale up of this device to

every clinic in his area. We would like to

help him achieve this goal.

WHY IS COLDTRACE NEEDED

Millions of doses of vaccines are donated to

developing countries annually by

pharmaceutical companies, philanthropic aid

organizations, and donor nations.

Many of them never reach the children that

need them most. In too many instances,

vaccines have to be discarded because they

are not stored at the correct temperature. A

little too hot, or a little too cold, and the

vaccine has to be thrown away.

Over 2.4 million children die each year as a

result of vaccine-preventable diseases.

We believe that Cold Trace can be part of a

solution to this problem by providing an

affordable and easy-to-use way of ensuring

that vaccines are kept at safe temperatures.

HOW DO VACCINES GO BAD?

There are two main problems in current

vaccine distribution systems in developing

countries.

1. Unreliable Infrastructure: In most

developing countries, the infrastructure used

to transport and store vaccines is old,

electricity is unreliable, and backup power

can be erratic.

Fridge failures are common, they are loosely

monitored, and they often go unreported.

2. It’s Difficult to Identify Failures:

Without monitoring, weaknesses in the

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distribution system are difficult to identify

and fix in a systematic way.

As a result, vaccine wastage remains a

persistent, unresolved problem.

WHAT ARE THE CURRENT

SOLUTIONS?

Currently, monitoring of vaccines relies on

clinic workers looking at basic thermometer

readings and recording them with pen and

paper.

Because it is so labor intensive, this

monitoring only happens at one point in the

distribution chain, if at all. This leaves

many other points of potential failure

without monitoring.

Also, pen and paper systems are prone to

human error, and because they are not kept

in electronic form, they are not easy to share

with administrators or health agencies that

could provide better management and

oversight.

There are commercial temperature monitors

available. But they are either too expensive

for widespread use in developing nations or

they lack useful features such as wireless

upload of data.

WHY IS COLDTRACE BETTER

THAN THE ALTERNATIVES?

The Cold Trace project aims to construct a

temperature sensor that costs less than $50

and that can provide real-time information

on every step of the distribution chain,

which can dramatically boost the

effectiveness of vaccine distribution around

the world.

Cold Trace aims to provide:

Real-time remote monitoring of vaccines.

SMS alerts about vaccines reaching critical

temperatures.

Wireless upload and storage of data.

Correlation of temperature data and the

location of the phone.

An easy-to-use interface.

Web-accessible data visualizations.

A low-cost alternative to commercial

systems.

A globally available database of temperature

data.

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REAL-TIME TRANSPARENCY

INTO VACCINE SUPPLY

CHAINS:

Cold Trace re imagines the cold chain infra-

structure used to store and transport vaccines

by enabling a low-cost wireless sensor to

remotely monitor vaccines and transfer the

monitoring data to a global database that

fosters coordinated decisions by

governments, global partners,

pharmaceuticals, and clinics, and helps

ensure life-saving treatments reach

everyone. Vacci-nating children is an

amazingly effective and successful public

health solutions. Millions of children are

saved each year, thanks to vaccines. Yet 25

million children, that’s one in every 5 kids

born, are still not vaccinated each year. And

most of these children are in developing

countries. It is building real-time visibility

into the temperature controlled supply

chains, called the "cold chain". this

platform, called Cold Trace, continuously

records the temperature of refrigerated

storage units used along every mile of the

cold chain from distribution warehouse to

clinic using cell phone-enabled sensors. The

data is wirelessly and automatically

uploaded to the Cold Trace servers, where it

is stored and analyzed.

Real-time SMS alerts notify clinic workers

and Ministry of Health Staff about vaccines

reaching critical temperatures. Each level of

the supply system can act on this immediate

information on equipment health and

vaccine safety.

Failure rates across local, regional, and

national areas, in addition to monthly status

reports, can be used to improve forecasting

and capacity planning. Cold Trace can help

major donors to detect emerging risks and

identify regions with the strongest cold

chain infrastructure to target for increased

distribution, and also help attract new

donations. Cold Trace has been deployed in

clinics.

Fig:Real-Time Transparency Into Vaccine

Supply Chains

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COLDTRACE FEATURES:

Generates SMS alerts about

equipment failures and medicines reaching

critical temperatures.

Uploads temperature traces via SMS

or cellular network.

Continuously tracks GPS location

coordinates.

Cell phone’s display and keypad

facilitates extensive local configuration

including communication and upload

intervals.

Cold Trace database keeps a constant

log of temperatures in clinic refrigeration

units and allows for analysis of failure rates

across local, regional, and national areas.

Web dashboard supports remote

configuration, device status monitoring, data

visualization, and sharing with donors,

NGOs, ministries of health.

Can integrate with existing logistics

management information systems in order to

oversee and provide alerts about cold chain

equipment at each stage of the distribution.

HOW DOES COLDTRACE

WORK?

Cold Trace uses existing cell phone

technologies in a new way to dramatically

reduce the cost of wireless sensor data

collection. Unlike similar approaches,

which employ microcontrollers or other

costly components, Cold Trace takes

advantage of the sophisticated electronics,

battery and other features that already exist

on the cell phone. By building upon this

standard technology, we can dramatically

reduce the overall cost of the sensors and

make it possible for almost any basic phone

to serve as a wireless sensor. This allows

Cold Trace to bring remote monitoring to

developing areas that have extremely low

resources.

Fig: Block Diagram of Cold Trace Working

WATER AND SANITATION

ACCESS:

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Historically, many low-income residents of

urban and peri-urban areas in world have

faced a lack of clean water and low quality

water and sanitation services. vaccine

monitoring is build-ing an SMS-enabled

issue tracking and communication system

that allows poor residents in world to

communicate with their water and sanitation

services providers. The way that this works

is as follows: residents can send text

messages with complaints, concerns, news,

questions and other reports to the system

database, which then distributes those

messages to the water service providers and

other stakeholders who can provide answers

and take action in response. As a result, the

system transforms community needs and

concerns into a live data feed that helps

service providers improve their services and

that highlights both effective and ineffective

solutions for utilities, governments, civic

leaders and aid organi-zations. Additionally,

broadcast messages sent by service

providers, NGOs, or governments can be

used to inform citizens about important

updates, expected outages, and help launch

local campaigns for change. it believe that

citizens will be motivated to participate

because they get a direct communication

channel with providers to improve their

services; and service providers and other

stakeholders will participate because they

get access to critical planning information

that would otherwise be unavailable.

Fig: Water and Sanitation Access With

SMS Alerts

SMS Platform:

Wireless vaccine monitoring is building an

SMS-enabled issue tracking and

communication system on top of lands that

allows peri-urban residents in world to

communicate with their water and sanitation

services providers. The way that this works

is as follows: residents can send text

messages with complaints, concerns, news,

questions and other reports to the system

database, which then distributes those

messages to the water service providers and

other stakeholders who can provide answers

and take action in response. As a result, the

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system transforms community needs and

concerns into a live data feed that helps

service providers improve their services and

that highlights both effective and ineffective

solutions for utilities, governments, civic

leaders and aid organi-zations. Additionally,

broadcast messages sent by service

providers, NGOs, or governments can be

used to inform citizens about important

updates, expected outages, and help launch

local campaigns for change.

CONLCUSION

Cold Trace is a low-cost wireless sensor

designed to improve access to vaccines

which protect thousands of

children’s/peoples against diseases such as

tuberculosis and polio. The Cold Trace an

important part of an integrated, broadly

available, data-driven process for managing

vaccine distribution in low-resource areas.

As a result, it will help us move toward

providing more vaccines and safer medical

treatments to millions of peoples around the

world.

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