paradigm shift in power system scada
TRANSCRIPT
Shift from"traditional way of thinking"
To"new way of thinking."
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Low speed data acquisition - once in 2 to 10 sec.
No information on happening within sub-second.
Steady state observability of the system.
X-ray quality visibility of the system.
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High speed data acquisition - 50 samples or more
per second.
Gets the pulse of the system.
Dynamic observability of the system.
MRI of the power system.
Wide area monitoring.
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From overview to detailed view.
From steady state to dynamic state.
From state estimation to state calculation.
From local view to system wide view.
From localized protection to system protection
From x-ray of the system to MRI of the system.
From supervision to health monitoring.
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More Data
Better Visualization.
Frequent updation of values.
Wide coverage area.
Panoramic inside view.
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Phasor measurement System and Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU).
Phasor was mathematically presented by Charles Proteus Steinmetz
in 1983.
PMU was invented in Virginia Tech University by Dr. Arun G. Phadke
and Dr. James S. Thorp in 1988.
First prototype was built by Virginia Tech in 1992.
Implementation started in 1995 at TVA and BPA.
Proved a highly useful tool in investigation of 1996 and 2003
blackouts.
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Source – wikipedia.org
Phasor Measurement System
Enhanced Visualization by Angular Measurement.
Time Synchronized & Time Aligned Measurement.
Wide Area Measurement System
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Plot of frequency value SCADA data during tripping of Rihand project (5 sec sample)
Portion of plot expanded with 40 mSec data
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Indicates relative strengths of system of buses.
Rapid increase in angle warns for system event
(generation or transmission loss).
Captures pulse of the system.
Provides a signature of system state.
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Time aligning of phasor data done at control center in PDC.
Each packet from PMU has second of century stamp.
PDC assemble same time stamp data and produces packets for further use.
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Allows us to see dynamics not visible in traditional SCADA measurement.
Enables accurate event analysis by precise comparison.
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Like traffic cameras on transmission highways.
Visualize traffic density as well as pattern.
Improve situational awareness.
Provide early warning of subtlest beginning of
dynamic interaction.
Provides root cause analysis of the events.
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PMUs synchronised with GPS.
Inputs taken from existing CT/PTs.
Fast communication channels like FO.
Phasor data concentrator.
Data management and services software.
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WAMS Architecture
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PMU Locations Under the NR Pilot Project
• HVDC Vidhyachal BTB – In the major
thermal generation complex
• 400 kV Kanpur- Transmission Pooling
Station
• 400 kV Dadri- Load Center
• 400 kV Moga- Hydro Pooling Station
1. PDC
2. Data Historian
3. LAN equipments
4. Operator Console.
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Components:-
1. Global Positioning System2. Phasor Measuerment Unit.
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Present
◦ Forensics
◦ Supplemental Information
◦ Learning
◦ Wide-Area Visibility
◦ Model validation.
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Near Future◦ Early Warning & Suggested Actions
◦ State Estimator Robustness
◦ Automated Event Reports and Event Playback
Longer Term◦ Backup to SCADA
◦ Smart Grid
◦ Special Protection
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