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1960 y p r i n c i p i o s d e l a d e l o s se t e n t a . Se b a s a r o n f u n d a m e n t a l m e n t e e n l o s a

L a s i n t e r p r e t a c i o n e s g l o b a l y l i t e r a l o c u r ri e r o n

, s o br e t o d o , e n l a d c a d a d e

a p l i c a b i l i da d e d u c a t i v a p e r s e , da d o q u e f u e r o n e l a b o r a d a s c o n o t r a s i n t e n c i o n e s ,

e d u c a t i v a s , p e r d i e n d o d e v i s t a q u e m u ch a s c u e s t i o n e s d e l a t e o r f a n o t i e n e n u n a

a c t i t u d a p l i c a c i o n i s t a u n i l a t e r a l y d e s c o n t e x t u

a l i z a d a e n c u a n t o a l a s s i t u a c i o n e st i d o d e q u e s e a p e g a b a n

d e m a s i a d o a l t e x t o ( c o n s i d e r a d o d o c t r i n a l ) y a s u m f a n u n aUn p o c o d e s p u

s, la s i n t e r p r e t a c i o n e s f u e r o n m s b i e n d e t i p o l i t e r a

l,

e n e l s ep o r s u p u e st o

, e l e s p f r i t u m i s m o d e l a t e o r f a .

t a r o b j e t i v o s , p a r a (c o r i e n t a r n la s p r c t i c a s e d u c a t i v a s , e t c . ) q u e d e sv i r t u a b a n

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c i e n d o . . , " prendi zaj e a c t i v o u q u e s e u t i l i z a b a c o n c i e r t a i n g e n u i d a d p a r a r e da

a s p e c t o s o b i e n s e h a c a n g e n e r a l i z a c i o n e s d e m

a s i a d o a m p l i a s ( . . A p r e n d e r hd e ton n a g l o b a l o s u p e

r f i c i a l d a d o q u e s e r e t o m a b a n ai s l a d o s a l g u n o s d e g s u s

d e l p a r a d i g m a . E n e l l a s , l a l e c t u r a d e I a t e o r f a

, a d e m s d e s e r m a g r a , s e u t i l i z

t i v a (e n l o s a f i o s s e s e n t a ) f u e r o n , s i n d u d a , a p l i c a c i o n e s 0 m e r a s e x t r a p o l a c i o n e sL a s p r i m e r a s a p a r i c io n e s d e l p a r a d i g m a e n e l c a m p o d e

I a p s i c o l o g f a e d uc

a l c a n c e , c u y a b a s e M e e l p a r a d i g m a p i a g e t i a n o .d i f e r e n t e s p r o p u e s t a s , a p r o x i m a c i o n e s e i n c l u s o r e f o r m a s

e d u c a t i v a s d e a m p l i oy s e h a h v e n i d o d e s a r r o l l a n d o

- s o b r e t o d o e n t r e l o s a o s s e s e n t a y o c h e n t ad e s d e \1a c e c u a r e n t a a o s s e i n i c i l a 1 : le c t u r a a m e r i c a n a n de l a o b r a

d e P i a g e t ,A u n q u e h a y i n t e n t o s a n t e r i o r e s (P . Ej . El d e A e b l i e n l o s a o s c i n c u e n t a ) ,

b r i m i e n t o n , e n t r e o t r o s ) .c o n s t r u c t i v a d e l n i f i o l a l u m r l o ; e l i m p u l s o d e l l

l a m a d o . . A p r e n d i z a j e p o r d e s cr e e l a b o r a d o ) n u e v o s p o s i c i o n a m i e n t o s (e l p a p e l d e l a a c t i v i d a d i n q u i s i t i v a yc u e l a n u e v a n , y e l d i s c u r s o e d u c a t i v o h a t o m a d o n u e v o s g i r o s y

h a e l a b o r a d o (op l o , a lg un a s d e l a s i d e a s d e l l e g a d o d e l a l l a m a d a

I : p e d a g o g f a d e l i n t e r s n 0 + ce

d e l a s i d e a s p i a g e t i a n a s a l a e d u c a c i n d e e s t e s i g l o s e h a n r e v i t a l i z a d o , po r e j e

N o p u e d e n e g a r s e q u e , s i m p l e y s e n c i l l a m e n t e , a pa r t i r d e l a i n c or p o r a c i n

p r o n t o l l a m l a a t e n c i n d e l o s p r o f e s i o n a l e s d e I a e d u c a c i o n ,de l a E s c u e l a d e G i n e b r a a s u m e e s e n c i a l m e n t e p r e t e n s i o n e s e p i s t e m o 1 g i c a s ,c i

n y d e l o s q u e m s r e p e r c u s i n h a t e n i d o e n e s e m b i t o . S i b i e n l a p r o p u e s t al o s q u e m a y o r c a n t i d a d d e e x p e c t a t i v a s h a g e n e r a d o e n e l c a m p o d e l a e d u

c

t e s e n l 2. p s i c o io g f a g e n e r a l d e l p r e s e n t e s i g l o , e s , c o m o d i c e C o l l ( 19 8 3 a ) , u n o d e

E l p a r a d i g m a p s i c o g e n t i c o c o n s t r u c t iv i s t a , a d e m s d e s e r d e l o s m s i n f l u ye

I N T RO D U CCI N

Y SU S APL I CA CI O N E S E I M PL I CACI ON E S E D U CAT I VAS

D E SCR I PCI N D E L PARA D I GM A PSI CO GE N T I CO

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