E X P A N D -effectively paraphrasing source materials: WHAT TO AVOID“Near Copy”Half of your paraphrase is borrowed material from the source, usually in a string of phrases

“Minimal Revision”Less than half but more than 20% of your paraphrase is copied from the original

“Moderate Revision”Less than 20% of paraphrase is copied from the original, most are individual words

What you need to do:Paraphrase the text without any copies of unique words, phrases, or sentence structure

WHEN TO PARAPHRASE• when you want to put

someone else’s ideas into your own words

• when you have several lines that you want to use from a single source

• when you are providing basic information such as statistics, dates, and places

E X P A N D -effectively paraphrasing source materials: WHAT TO DO

GUIDELINES FOR WHEN YOU DECIDE THAT YOU NEED TO PARAPHRASE• read the passage you want to paraphrase at

least twice• flip over your article when writing your

paraphrase so that you can’t see it• summarize the idea in plain English • make sure that you understand what you have

written• make sure you have not inadvertently borrowed

unique words, phrases, or sentence structure

E X P A N D -effectively paraphrasing source materials: STEP-BY-STEP1). Read the passage until you fully understand what is being said.

2). Decide what you want to paraphrase

3). Summarize the idea in your own words

4). Include an in-text citation

“The trees are huge water users (according to one estimate it takes a gallon of water to produce a single almond), and because they are perennials, they can't suddenly be taken out of production like, say, a field of tomatoes or wheat. The fact that much of the pistachios and almonds are exported abroad only adds to the resentment. Shipping water overseas? It seems totally, well, nuts.”

For the quote above, one could paraphrase by stating the following:

Almond trees are especially problematic in California’s growing drought and subsequent agricultural crisis because an almond crop cannot be simply be ripped out to plant a new type of fruit or vegetable. Almond trees must be maintained and watered throughout the year, though they only have one harvest. Something that further complicates the situation is that most of the almonds and the water they required are sold to different countries (Mark, 2015).

E X P A N D -effectively quoting from source materials: WHAT TO AVOID

“Stop and Plop” “Breadless Sandwich” “Kitchen Sink”

E X P A N D -effectively quoting from source materials: WHAT TO AVOID

When a quote is suddenly added to a paragraph

without warning.When the “meat” or

quoted material is added without any surrounding commentary or analysis

by the writer.

When long quotations are added, therefore overpowering the

paragraph and the writer’s ideas.

WHEN TO USE QUOTES• when you can’t find the

right words to paraphrase a source

• when language is especially vivid or expressive

• when the accuracy of wording is important

E X P A N D -effectively quoting from source materials: WHAT TO DO

GUIDELINES FOR WHEN YOU DECIDE THAT YOU NEED TO USE QUOTES• use direct quotes sparingly; only 15-20% of

your paper should be direct quotation• use primarily short quotations of one or two

sentences long• be extremely accurate when transferring a

quote to your work• incorporate your quotations into your sentences

so that they go with the flow of your essay and don’t seem “stuck in” or out of place

E X P A N D -effectively quoting from source materials: STEP-BY-STEP

1). Begin with your assertion and “graft” the quotes into your proseSomething that further complicates the situation is that “much of the pistachios and almonds are exported abroad”

2). Include an in-text citation(Mark, 2015, para. 14).

PUT IT TOGETHER:Something that further complicates the situation is that “much of the pistachios and almonds are exported abroad” (Mark, 2015, para. 14).

E X P A N D -effectively quoting from source materials: STEP-BY-STEP1). Introduce your quote (Tell the reader what you are trying to prove)While the amount of water that almond trees need month after month is problematic, another issue arises when considering just where all that water goes, as most of the almond harvest is exported.

2). Orient the reader by reminding them where the passage appears and/or who wrote it, then quote your source In an article written by environmental journalist Jason Mark, he explores this issue, stating that “the fact that much of the pistachios and almonds are exported abroad only adds to the resentment. Shipping water overseas? It seems totally, well, nuts”

3). Include an in-text citation(Mark, 2015, para. 14).

4). Follow up your quote (Remind your readers of your original point)Mark expresses the sentiment of many frustrated Californians who have been forced to turn off the tap or pay penalties if they don’t. When such enormous amounts of water are used to produce each almond harvest, it is shocking and disturbing that the precious water California does have is being sold to satisfy global markets.

E X P A N D -effectively quoting from source materials: STEP-BY-STEP

putting it all together:

While the amount of water that almond trees need month after month is problematic, another issue arises when considering just where all that water goes, as most of the almond harvest is exported. In an article written by environmental journalist Jason Mark, he explores this issue, stating that “the fact that much of the pistachios and almonds are exported abroad only adds to the resentment. Shipping water overseas? It seems totally, well, nuts” (Mark, 2015, para. 14). Mark expresses the sentiment of many frustrated Californians who have been forced to turn off the tap or pay penalties if they don’t. When such enormous amounts of water are used to produce each almond harvest, it is shocking and disturbing that the precious water California does have is being sold to satisfy global markets.