park ch. 1 - a1000 - spring13
TRANSCRIPT
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Today:Park Ch. 1
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What is Anthropology all about?
Anthropology is the holistic, scientific studyof humankind
concerned with studying all aspects of
humankindSince human biology and culture are
intertwined, anthropology embraces aHOLISTIC perspective
Biology affects culture (perception of color, matechoice, resistance to disease)
Culture affects biology (height of children of
immigrants at beginning of 20th
century, obesity)
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Four Subfields of Anthropology
1) Archaeology
2) Biological Anthropology3) Cultural anthropology
4) Linguistic anthropology
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Archaeology cont.
Material remains (artifacts) can include: Tools
Pottery
Features (hearths, enclosures, etc.)
Usually (but not always) deals with Prehistoricgroups
Ultimate goal of archaeologists is to
reconstruct lifeways of those they arestudying Artifacts are the windows into the past lifeways
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2) Biological Anthropology
Also called Physical Anthropology
Study humans as a biological species
Examples include: Human evolution (Paleoanthropology)
Skeletal Biology
Modern human variation Primatology
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Modern Human Biological
Variation Homo sapiens is a single species, yet we differ
from one another
Skin color, body proportions, body shape
Skeletally & Dentally
Genetically
Blood types
Fingerprints (dermatoglyphics)
Physical anthropologists quantify and explain
these differences
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Skeletal Biology
Modern and ancient skeletons Sex
Race
Age
Stature
Pathology
Trauma
Diet
Structure and composition of bones Histology
Bone Chemistry
DNA
Aids from knowledge of human variation, but also adds
to knowledge of human variation
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3) Cultural Anthropology
The study of culture, and how humansinteract within their culture(s)
Culture as characteristic trait of our species
Cultural anthropologists study thesocially-learned standards which guide
behavior How are they made?
How do they vary?
How and why do they change?
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4) Linguistic Anthropology
The study of language
Most linguistic anthropologists are interested inmodern human language
Subfield of anthropology, but could beconsidered a subfield of Cultural
Anthropology Language as a human characteristic
Describes characteristics of language, andstudies relationship between languages andthe cultures that speak them
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Linguistic Anthropology
Language allows humans to preserve andtransmit information and culture fromgeneration to generation
Contributes to study of human past byworking out genealogical relationships amonglanguages and examining their distributions
Complements work of physical
anthropologists studying biological populationrelationships
Language has a huge influence on cultureand behavior, and vice versa
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5) Applied Anthropology
About half of all professionalanthropologists are applied, orpracticing, anthropologists.
Applied anthropologists may betrained in one or more of the subfieldsof anthropology.
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The Hutterites
Archaeology
Could go to abandoned Bruderhof andexcavate
Analyze material culture left behind
Linguistic Anthropology
Analyze syntax, structure, pattern of language
Study relationship to both English andGerman languages
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Read for next class
Park, Chapters 2PBL 2