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Parkes&theSKATechnologyforthefuture

CSIROASTRONOMYANDSPACESCIENCE

JimiGreen

OzSKA 3 |08th May2017

Overview

ParkesrecognisedasanSKAPathfinderin2016forphasedarrayandwide-bandwidthfeedtechnologydevelopment

ParkesalsoundertakingsciencegearedtowardsthescienceprioritiesoftheSKA

The‘Dish’

PhasedArrayFeeds

Wide-bandwidthFeeds

SKASciencewithParkes

Parkes&theSKA|JimiGreen2 |

‘TheDish’BriefHistory

• 64mradiotelescope,~380kmwestofSydney,~20kmnorthfromtownofParkes

• Threeyearstodesignandtwoyearstobuild-officiallyopenedon31October1961

• 55yearsyounglastyear!

• Continualupgrades&evolutionhavebeenkey(newsurfaces,newfocuscabin,newreceiverse.g.multibeam,backendsystems)

• Multitudeofscientificdiscovery

• Otheractivities- spacecrafttracking(‘TheDish’)


‘TheDish’CurrentCapability

• ‘Front-ends’:

• 700MHz->22GHzthroughnumerousreceiversincludingthe10/50andthe13-beammultibeam

• ‘Back-ends’:

• Forsingle-beamtimedomain(events<1s)andspectrometry(“DFB4”)

• Forsingle-beamtimedomainandnewlimitedpiggybackspectrometry(“CASPSR”)

• Formulti-beam(13beams)timedomainandspectrometry(“HIPSR/BPSR”)

• ForVeryLongBaselineInterferometry,VLBI(“DAS”&“Mk-V”)

• PartofLongBaselineArray


PhasedArrayFeeds


• Crucialtoenablinghighsurveyspeedsforlarge-area/all-skyscience

• ConsortiumworkingonPAFdesigns,partofAdvancedInstrumentationProgramme ->ObservatoryDevelopmentProgramme

• Variousdesigns/technologiesbeingexplored,e.g.->

• AustralianSKAPathfinderPhasedArrayFeeds

• Initial‘BETA’usedCSIRO1st

generation,“MKI”,PAFs

• 30nowoutfittedwith2nd generation,“MKII”PAFs->36

Parkes&theSKA|JimiGreen

PhasedArrayFeeds(PAFs)SKAPerspective

6 |

TheteamsfromCanada(NRC),theNetherlands(ASTRON)and

Australia(CSIRO)withtheirrespectivePhasedArrayFeeddesigns

PhasedArrayFeeds(PAFs)CSIRO&ParkesDevelopment

• MaxPlanckInstitute(MPIfR)PhasedArrayFeed- Re-purposedASKAPfeed(“MKII”),commissionedonParkesin2016

• Timed3Pulsarssimultaneously

• Spectrallineobservations- veryflatandstablebandpass

• 12-mantennamonitoringVelapulsar(“MKII”PAF)

• ‘Rocket’PhasedArrayFeed(thirdgeneration)

• Prototypeondishtesting(plusaperturetests)May2016- veryencouragingforpurposebuiltversion

• 700MHz– 2GHz,3xMBfieldofview,sub-20KTsys

• LIEFproposalsubmittedforfundingfor2018construction


PhasedArrayFeeds(PAFs)CSIRO&ParkesDevelopment

30

Feed array performance comparison

Parkesmul+beam(T/η)

Parkesmul+beam

Chippendaleetal.(arXiv:1606.03533)

CryogenicrocketPAF(est.)

CryogenicrocketPAF(est)

MPIPAF

MPIPAF

System

Tem

perature/Efficien

cy

PHISCC2017 Pune


Wide-bandwidthFeeds


• Enablesaffordablefrequencyagilityandmorescience!

• SKAconsortiumdedicatedtothisactivity(‘WBSPF’),partofAdvancedInstrumentationProgramme

• Typicalreceivershavean‘octave’bandwidthratioof~1:1.85,e.g.H-OHreceiveris1.2to1.8GHz

• ‘Wide-bandwidth’pushestechnologytoratiosof1:3,1:5,1:10….

• Reducesneedformultiplereceiversandprovidesmorefrequencycoveragesimultaneously


Wide-bandwidthFeedsSKAPerspective

10 |

SKA

SKA

SKA

Wide-bandwidthFeedsCSIRO&ParkesDevelopment

• Ultra-WidebandLowFrequencySinglePixelFeed

• Quadridge structurewithdielectricspear

• 0.7—4.0GHz

• PartlyfundedthroughAustralianResearchCouncilLIEFgrant

• Scheduledforcompletionandinstallationlate2017

• Ultra-WidebandMid/HighFrequencySinglePixelFeed(s)inplanning

• Oneortwofeedstocover4GHzupto25GHz

• Widebandfeedsshare‘pan’:focuscabinwith1PAF+singlepixelcoverage0.7->~25GHz


AlexDunning

SKASciencewithParkes


• PulsarSearching• Detectionmachine>1500,~1/2ofall• Cryo-PAF– largerfieldofview+localisation

• ParkesTiming• ParkesPulsarTimingArray(PPTA):decadeofhighprecisionmeasurements

• Ultra-Wideband– increasedsensitivity/improvedTime-Of-Arrivals

• Transients- FastRadioBursts(FRBs)• FirstFRBdiscoveredwithParkes(Lorimeretal.2007)• >=21of>=26todatediscoveredwithParkes• Majorsearchcampaigns,e.g.SUPERBreal-timedetectionproject

• Cryo-PAF– largerfieldofview+localisation


SKASciencePulsarsandTransients

13 |

Credit:MPIfRCh.Ng.

• HIParkesAllSkySurvey(HIPASS),SouthernGalacticPlaneSurvey(SGPS),GalacticAllSkySurvey(GASS)

• ParkessurveyedownGalaxy,Magellanicclouds,1000sofnearbyGalaxies,pushingfurtherinredshift

• ObservationsmadewithMPIfRPAF

• Cryo-PAFHI- intendedforgalaxygascontent,cosmicweb,intensitymapping


SKAScienceHydrogenovercosmictime

14 |

Kim

etal.2003

SKAScienceSearchforExtraterrestrialIntelligence:BreakthroughListen

• 5-yearprogramme,multi-yearinvestmentfortelescopetime

• OfficiallybeganobservingOctober/November2016

• Observingblockseachday,steppingintime(LocalSiderealTime)throughtheweek

• DedicatedbackendmanagedbyUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley

• InitialtestsysteminstalledFeb/Mar2016

• SinglebeamsysteminstalledSept&Dec2016

• Multibeam systemtobeinstalledJune2017

• Openaccesstodataplanned(throughPawsey)

• Targetedobservations,Galacticplanesurvey,transients/FRBs


SKASciencePreparingtheastronomersoftheSKAera

• PULSE@Parkes programme

• Pulsarfocused,secondary-leveleducationprogramme withreal-timeaccessto,andcontrolof,ParkesTelescope

• ~1500highschoolstudentstodate,~130schools,sessionsacrossAustralia,plusCanada,China,England,Japan,SouthAfrica&Wales

• UndergraduateExtensiontotheprogramme

• ObservingwithParkes,TrainingandIntroduction,ModuleforUniversityScience:OPTIMUS

• PartofCSIRO’s’ONPRIME’developmentscheme

• UndergraduateleveltrainingpackageincludingParkestelescopetime

• Extending/varyingsciencetoincludeotheraspects

• We’dloveyourinputondevelopingthis– pleasecontactRobHollowormyself!


Summary

• Parkesformallyrecognised asSKAPathfinder

• Widebandfeed(s)comingtoParkes

• CryogenicallycooledPhasedArrayFeedproposedforParkes

• SKAorientedscienceunderway&enabledbytechnology

• TrainingavenuesforfutureSKAscientists


SKA

AlexDunning

[email protected] 3 |08th May2017Parkes&theSKA:Technologiesforthefuture

CSIRO ASTRONOMYANDSPACESCIENCE

Thankyou

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