parking and the city

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Parking & the city

Introduction

Cars are huge space consumers in the city.We selected 3 projects that, each in a different context want to deal with this problem

1. Parkhouse/carstadt, Amsterdam

inal project !"# 1$$%&1$$'

(ieter )annenberg * +amiel +laase

!his project is lie a manifest. -t states that an integrated paring is the solution for the surial of

the indiidual car in the historic center. !he cars that the building attracts are pared within thestructure bringing fundamentally together urban program and cars. -t would become possible to

par at your front door or des. !hans to the integrated paring, the public space could be

relieed from paring pressure. !he project is a 1 ilometer extension of a public road, where the

road is the roof of the infrastructure. !he building is a loop that contains 3'm0 floor space for

different uses and 1$m0 of paring space..

. 1111,2iami )each, "A

completed in 1

4er5og * #e 2euron

A car park is a public facility, like a train station or an airport, where people change from one mode

of transportation to another. Herzog & de Meuron

6ocated on a shopping street, 1111 is a new place for people to leae their cars. !he architects

decided not to create another paringbuilding with a fa7ade that hides the ugliness of what is being

stored inside. With double and een triple height of a regular paring ceiling the project wouldn8t

hae any real&estate logic being only a paring building. !he unusual heights create spectacular

iews which gie the building a higher potential than other paring buildings.

3. Koog aan de Zaan, 9aanstad

completed in '

:6 architects


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A chain of interventions explores unique the potential of covered open space. NL architects

!he suburban city +oog aan de 9aan near Amsterdam was cut brutally in two pieces by a newhighway road in the seenties. !he road literally diided church and state haing on the one end achapel and on the other end the former city hall. After 3 years of use as a desolated paringspace the city too action seeing the space as an opportunity instead of a disaster.A range of public facilities combined with paring lined both sides of the city again.

Programmatic interrelation

1. Rethinking arking tyology

!oday8s situation of the eer growing cities comprises more than large scale infrastructural elements. )ut,

in order to cope with all the problems the urban enironment faces, these elements hae to be handledwith much more care than they hae been handled in the past. -nfrastructure related elements hae to bedesigned in a new way.1!he three projects chosen for the study are rethining paring in an attempt tofind solutions for the problems the use of car in the city poses.

Parkhouseproject proposes ;integrated paring8, in the sense that the paring is directly connected to aprogram and included in the same building.

1111 project integrates both public and priate functions within the paring itself.


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Koog aan de Zaan is about efficiency and shifts the focus from paring towards creating a new centrality

in which paring is just another facility within the public realm.

!. Programs

As density becomes more and more important, and as it implies an accumulation of uses, it is crucial torethin the way these uses, as aried as they might be, relate to each other. o, all of the three chosenprojects try in one way or another to treat the issue of density and find strong connections between theprograms they propose and the existing ones.

Parkhouse offers 1$. s


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+oog aan de 5aan uses the existing road

". #r$an rogram % arking interrelation

Certain characteristics, although related to specific cities, hae now become general alues that anymetropolis must tae into account. Contiguity becomes more important than continuity.3 o the threeprojects, by trying to redefine the paring typology, ineitably reassess the way they relate to theirenironment and also the way they integrate in the city structure.

Parkhouse !he project tries to assess the issue of dispersal and the effects it has on urban centers. -nother words, it tries to aoid transforming the historic centers into cultural theme pars by allowing the carsin the city but finding another way of relating their use to the urban programs.


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Although paring is integrated in the building, it is still separated from urban programs and does not add to

the public space. -t is basically paring on the roof of the building. !he functions within the structure maybe strongly related to the urban but it creates its own pocet. -t is introerted and it is possible to isolateitself from the city. en the relation to the neighboring church, which is itself a statement, is purely isual.!he structure only offers istas oer the surroundings.

1111 is seen as a transfer from car use to the pedestrian experience but tries to aoid the monofunctionality of car pars. -t mixes paring with public and priate spaces and uses the opportunity of theparing structure to create spectacular public spaces that offer oeriews of the city.

!he structure relates to the pedestrian shopping area proiding paring for the potential customers. -t isnot only the customers that benefit from this since it is considered that this is a public paring facility, open%h.%

Koog aan de Zaan. -n this project the paring has been remodeled so that it is just part of the focal pointthat connects the two sides, so car related infrastructure and programs are no longer seen as a diidingelement but part of the urban life.


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(aring surrounds the eleated s


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Parkhouse doesn8t consider the roof&road being a flexible space. )eing more a manifesto then aproject the idea of creating an integrated paring is gien priority to design and thin about thepublic space. We thin that this is a missed opportunity. !he roof has the potential to become aninteresting public space, but it appears to be a formula 1 trac. !he way that artist (ipilotti ist andarchitect Carlos 2artine5 transformed an urban area in t&Eallen, wit5erland, could be inspiring.!hey coered a large area in the center with red polymer, creating interesting public. !he result is acontinuous space, a red surface that contains eerything, from benches to a car. -t shows that by

maing an attractie design a paring place can show a different potential.

!hat is exactly what happens in 1111. !he surface has a more luxury finishing that gies the carpar the feeling of a showroom. And by placing some artwor it becomes almost a museum. !hisflexibility aspect of using the paring space as a room for actiities with a nice iew maes theproject ery interesting. Fn the other hand we need also to criti


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go there when you don8t hae to par your car or you are not going to one of these eents to enjoy

the iews. A staircase, howeer not so initing, can be seen from the pedestrian street.

-n Koog aan de Zaanthe architects really create public space by bringing many public functions

lie a supermaret, a sate par, a bus stop, paringG together. -t is open at night and the design

foresees beautiful lightning to mae the place that was seen as precarious before, now attractie.

*onclusion

-n our opinion there is no place for the indiidual car in an historic city center lie that of

AmsterdamB We thin that the idea would hae more potential in another context.

!he building allows a ;promenade architecturale8 for cars and pedestrians by opening up to the

surroundings. !his combined with different leel heights and precise architectural detailing maes

the building eligible for the flexible usage of the paring space.

rom a disaster to an opportunity . !hrough a more efficient organi5ation and the combination of

different functions the paring loses its monofunctional character and becomes part of the publicrealm.

parking and the city

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