921

further proven the identical nature of the fluorescentBarr body with the conventional Barr body. The power ofa staining technique which renders both the X and Ychromatin visible in the same cells for screening purposesis obvious. We are now investigating this, and it will bethe subject of a more detailed report.

A. GREENSHERR. GERSHD. PEAKMANA. ROBINSON.

Departments of Biophysics andGenetics, and Pediatrics,

University of Colorado Medical Center,Denver, Colorado.

Parliament

Smoking and Health BillSir Gerald Nabarro’s Tobacco (Health Hazards) Bill was

considered on report in the House of Commons on April 23.Amendments to the original Bill had been made in thenames of Sir Gerald and of Sir Keith Joseph, Secretary ofState for Social Services, although Sir Keith believed thatthe Bill was not necessary. Sir Gerald said that his Billhad been " disembowelled ". There were three points inthe new clause under discussion on which he stronglydisagreed with the Secretary of State. First, Sir Keithbelieved that the way to proceed in the matter of healthhazards derived from smoking was by voluntary agreementwith the tobacco companies, while Sir Gerald wanted toproceed by legislation; second, Sir Keith wanted themeasures to be applied to cigarettes only, excluding pipetobacco, cigars, and other tobacco products, while SirGerald was convinced that they should all be included;third, Sir Keith had taken the view that advertising shouldnot be discontinued for tobacco and tobacco products,whereas Sir Gerald had always felt that severe restrictionsshould be placed on advertising. He was also dissatisfiedwith the form of words of the warning which Sir Keith hadagreed with the tobacco companies should be printed oncigarette packets. This read: " Warning by H.M. Govern-ment/Smoking can damage your health ". Sir Gerald

preferred the warning suggested by the British MedicalAssociation-" Smoking is harmful to health ".

In reply Sir Keith Joseph said that the Governmentwere absolutely determined to secure a sharp fall in thesuffering associated with cigarette smoking, but were stillfirmly convinced that the voluntary agreement was theright course. The Government had initiated the setting upof a scientific committee, on which would sit Governmentscientists as well as scientists from the tobacco industry,which would be concerned with the industry’s attempts tomeasure the relative danger or safety of different smokingmaterials and its search for a safer cigarette. The voluntaryagreement he had made with the tobacco companiescovered the marking of packages and advertisements, thesetting up of the scientific committee, and the publicationof nicotine content and tar yield of cigarettes in the form ofleague tables. The Government would also put publicmoney at the disposal of the Health Education Council fora television campaign. He was in touch with the railways,to see whether there could be a further extension of pro-vision for non-smokers. If the voluntary agreement were togo ahead, cigarette packets bearing the health warningwould begin to arrive in the shops this summer, and warn-ings would appear in newspapers and on hoardings.The debate was adjourned.

Medical and Dental OfficersIn reply to a question, Lord BALNIEL, Minister of State

for Defence, said that a standing advisory committee hadbeen set up to advise the Secretary of State for Defence onall matters affecting the postgraduate education of medicaland dental officers in the Armed Forces. The chairman ofthe committee would be Mr. Harold Edwards.

Obituary

WILLIAM HENEAGE OGILVIE

K.B.E., M.Ch., M.D.Oxon., F.R.C.S.

Sir Heneage Ogilvie, surgeon to Guy’s Hospital,made many friends, but he would have wished it re-corded that he was able to aggravate powerfully whenhe judged the cause was good. For some of his viewson the progress or the inactivity of medicine, he mayhave been called rash. But, more than once, eventsproved him wise; and he was undoubtedly a stimulusand a provocation whose influence extended far beyordBritain and the bounds of surgery. None would disputethat he was a vivid character in an age when surgeonsof his restless enthusiasm were becoming fewer. Atthe age of 83, he died in Wimbledon on April 15.Born in Chile, he was educated at Clifton College and

New College, Oxford. His first post when he went to Guy’sHospital as a clinical student put him under the influenceof Arbuthnot Lane, whose great skill as a craftsman made alasting impact on the young man. Ogilvie qualified in 1913and he served with the R.A.M.C. in France, where he was

a close spectator of the fierceargument that raged in the1914-18 war between the anti-

septic surgeons and the physio-logical surgeons.He was appointed to the

staff of Guy’s Hospital in 1925,as assistant surgeon to Mr.E. C. Hughes. This was aboutthe time that Moynihan beganhis long period of dominancein British surgery. As Ogilvieput it, " When in 1925 I

stepped onto the stage, a

humble follower of Lane, Moy-nihan bestrode the narrow

world like a Colossus, and wepetty men walked about under

his huge legs, and peeped about to find ourselves dis-honourable graves." Moynihan encouraged surgeons tovisit each other and to travel abroad; and, to this end,Ogilvie founded in 1927 the Surgical Travellers’ Club,which is still active, to give these excursions a formal basisand to simplify these contacts.

Ogilvie came to be critical of the obsession with speed asa prime quality in successful surgery. He recalled a surgeonwho announced: " The bogey for this operation is sixminutes. Time me, gentlemen." In Moynihan, Ogilviesaw and admired a man who had established the school of

gentle and bloodless surgery, and who worked with un-hurried perfection. In these early days of his career, it wasMoynihan and Victor Bonney who influenced him most.

Naturally, with such men as heroes, Ogilvie set himselfand those who worked with him the highest standards.Perhaps some of his most notable contributions were hisgastrectomies under local anaesthesia. He was always keento debate surgical problems, to listen to new ideas, and toencourage the young. He once compared progress in

surgery with the movement of a barge up the Thames:" the advance of knowledge must be wayward: the locksare periods of orthodoxy; the advances of heterodoxy ".

In the 1939-45 war he became consulting surgeon to theMediterranean Forces with the rank of major-general. Hewas appointed K.B.E. in 1946.

After the war, he continued to travel extensively and to