part 1 (march 2011) dhc-6 series 300 to 400 training (ac differences)

DHC‐6 Series 300 to 400 Differences Training ‐ Part 1 March 2011– R2

Based on POH at Initial Issue, with TR1 Michael Moore, Viking Air Limited

DHC-6 Series 300 to 400

Differences Training

Part 1

Course Content• Part 1 – Aircraft differences excluding

avionics

• Part 2 – Avionics system overview

• Part 3 – Avionics system operation

• Part 4 – FMS

• Part 5 – Maintenance Practices.

Why Make Changes?

Fully equipped in 1965

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Loss ofControl -

Ground orWater

Collision -RisingTerrain

Collision -Objects

HeavyLanding

Collision -Ground or

Water

Collision -Aircraft

Undershoot Loss ofControlInflight

Accidents by Type



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Loss ofControl -

Ground orWater

Collision -RisingTerrain

Collision -Objects

HeavyLanding

Collision -Ground or

Water

Collision -Aircraft

Undershoot Loss ofControlInflight

Mitigation via Avionics

Accidents by Type Reference Materials• AFM/POH

(PSM 1-64-POH)

• This presentation reviews Sections 7, 4, and 3

• Number at upper left of slide is AFM page number.

3‐22, 3‐23

Obligatory Publications Book Stowage• For AFM and

HW Pilot Guide

• At present time, entire POH fits in one blue binder

• Both MUST be carried on board at all times.

7‐107



POH Revision• Follows GAMA

format

• A5 (European) paper size –same as Jeppcharts

• Full colour

• All illustrations redrawn.

7‐107

Aircraft Overview

AFM Pages 7-18 to 7-29 of POH

Aircraft Overview• Dimensions and

construction identical to 300

• Composites now used for somenon-structuralcomponents.

7‐18 to 7‐33

Composite Pilot Doors• Fractionally wider

beam ahead of window

• Pilot door must not be used as a step to the roof!

7‐24



Roof steps standard • 3 retractable steps

• 1 handle on roof

• Pull step fully outward to prevent rotation

• Intended for emergency (out-in-the-bush) use by mechanic only.

7‐18 to 7‐33

Honeycomb Core Small Parts• Replacement of all

balsa wood core parts

• Affected areas:- roof- crown panels- cabin floor.

7‐24

Passenger Seating• Limitation of 19

passengers total

• Seat contour changed

• Only ‘commuter’ seats offered.

7‐29

Row 7 Seating• Theatre

type seats

• 2 beams acrossstation 332.

7‐29

X



Instrument Panel• Tilted forward at

top to reduceparallax

• Smaller glareshield

• Simplified

• Switches below.

System Info & Annunciation• On ‘Systems’

multifunction display

• Default positionis lower middle

• May be movedto upper middle.

Master Annunciation7‐167

Engine & Radio• Inboard of

Primary Flight display (PFD)

• Left-right symmetry

• Identical information on both sides.



Headsets• Noise-cancelling are

standard equipment

• Conventional plug headsets may be used

• 3rd set of jacks for observer is standard equipment.

7‐142

Eye Height Reference Device7‐157





Electrical Differences

AFM Pages 7-40 to 7-47

Electrical Differences• AC electrical deleted, 28 VDC only

• Larger battery (48 amp hour)

• Changes to Hot Battery CB panel

• Changes to Start Switch panel

• Different Generators

• Electrical Indications on Apex display

• All overhead switches and CBs deleted

• Logical grouping of switches on sub-panel

• Lighting updated to LED, but otherwise unchanged.

7‐40

Station 111 Disconnects7‐40

Terminal Blocks7‐40



Flight Compartment Roof• Power, prop, fuel,

flap.

• Dome light

• Temperature sensor

• Standby Compass moved up

• No AC electrical.

Battery• 48 amp-hour

lead acid

• No ‘auxiliary’ battery

• Small battery on port side is for cabin emergency lights.

7‐40

CB Panel ‘G’

CB Panel ‘D’ – Station 332• Upper row is hot bus

• Middle and lower rows are left bus

• Note row & column identification

• Don’t ever pull these CBs!(mechanics will need to change practices and behaviour)

7‐41

Starter Panel• Upper and middle

rows same as 300

• Single control for both landing lights

• Generator switches moved to where igniters used to be.

7‐42



Generators• Different specification,

but still 200 amps

• Wet spline

• Series 400 NG must be ≥55% when load present, or voltage will rise above 29 volts

• “Idle +15%” no longer applies to 300 or 400.

7‐43

Indication• One ‘window’ for

electrical (lower middle)

• If white on black text, it’s OK

• Problems (limitation exceedences) appear in amber or red text.

7‐46

Limitations – Use of Colour Happy Plane Unhappy Plane

Limitations – CAS + IndicationCAS Message Indication



Limitations –Indication + Annunciation Electrical Busses• Left and right DC (same as 300)

• Hot Battery (same as 300)

– Don’t pull the hot battery CBs!!! Will damage clock.

• ESIS Bus (2 breakers on avionics panel)

• Cabin Emergency Lighting Bus (by battery).

7‐46

CB Panels• See page 7-47 of POH

• 7 CB panels total

• 5 are identical to 300 (A, B, C, D, E)

• 1 panel from 300 has been deleted (roof)

• 2 are new (F, G)

• Only A, B, D are of concern to pilots(same as 300).

7‐47

CB Panel ‘A’ – Main• Same locations if

same CBs as 300

• Many CBs deleted

• Similar functions are grouped together

• Note row & column identification.

7‐48



CB Panel ‘B’ – Avionics• Now illuminated

• Rows alternate left/right busses

• Similar functions are grouped together

• Note row & column identification.

7‐49

CB Panels ‘F’ and ‘G’• ‘F’ protects the power

supply to panel D on station 332 bulkhead

• ‘G’ protects power supply to cabin emergency lighting

• Both are ‘feeders’.

7‐49

Left Switch Panel Right Switch Panel (basic)



14 Volt Power Outlets7‐162

Nose Avionics Compartment• Upper avionics shelf

has been extended

• Capacity reduced by 2 cubic feet (3%)

• Weight limits remain the same

• Air conditioner STC visible at left

Nose Avionics Compartment Nose Avionics Compartment• Top Shelf:

- MAU

• Middle Shelf:- TCAS- ADAHRS- GPS (underside)

• Bottom Shelf:- Radios- TAWS



Rear Avionics CompartmentTop Shelf:- DME (2)- Recorders (2)- Impact Switches (2)- Optional HF Power Amp- Optional HF Antenna Coupler

Bottom Shelf:- ESIS Battery- ELT + Sonalert- Radar Altimeter(s)- Optional HF Exciter- Optional XM Weather

Lighting Differences


Lighting Differences• Generally all the same, except now LED

• Differences:– Cabin Emergency Lights use ‘General’ lights– Landing Light controls– Cabin Signs control– Dome light on Hot Battery Bus– Simplified control of flight compartment lights.

7‐50

Flight Compartment Dimming• ‘Instrument’ controls

bezel lighting

– Single knob connected to lighting computer

– Computer controls about 35 circuits, all individually mapped and ramped

• ‘Flood’ controls glareshield (thunderstorm) lighting

• ‘Footwell’ toggle dims with ‘Instrument’ dimmer.

7‐50



Flood (thunderstorm) lighting7‐50

Footwell & CB Panel Lights7‐50

Aisle Lighting• For digging through crew

bags, coolbox, etc.

• Bright and dim positions

• Independent from other lighting controls.

Dome Light• Powered from Hot

Battery Bus

– Same CB as clock– Don’t pull CB!!!

• Colour corrected

• Rocker switch.

7‐51



Cabin Emergency Lighting• Same principles as

Series 300 system

• Small battery located to port side of main battery

• When armed, lights illuminate when left DC bus loses power.

7‐52

Reading Lights• LEDs require cooling!

• Turn Vent Fan on, or, use in flight only

• Will burn out if used to illuminate cabin for cargo loading or maintenance work.

7‐52

Cabin Signs• Choice of:

– FSB and NS– OFF– NS.

7‐53

Landing Lights• Leave both switches in UP position

• Lights will pulse automatically with traffic alert (amber symbol)

• STEADY ON position overrides PULSE switch

• Use OFF position of PULSE switch for night IMC only

• Use PULSE position of PULSEswitch for constant pulsing (conspicuity)

• Xenon lamps require 5 seconds to warm up to full brightness.

7‐54



Landing Light7‐54

Taxi Light7‐54

Exterior Lights7‐54

Fuel Differences




Fuel Differences• Functionally, nothing has changed

• Capacities, layout, flows identical to Series 300

• Nomenclature has been clarified

• New FQGS (Fuel Quantity Gauging System) –computerized DC powered measurement

• Imitation ‘Caution Lights’ mimic Series 300.

7‐56

Fuel Control• Identical to 300

• Nomenclature better

– Switches match CBs

– All positions labelled

• Optional Wing Tankswitches at bottom.

7‐58

Fuel Quantity• Columns are

proportionate

• Green block indicates wing fuel pump is on

• Total quantity presented at top of screen

• Transfers to FMS 4 seconds after power-up.

7‐60

Fuel System Indications (1 of 2)Normal Operations Low Fuel Quantity

7‐60



Fuel System Indications (2 of 2)Normal Crossfeed Fuel Pumps Off

7‐60

CAS Annunciation7‐62

Fuel Quantity Gauging System• Small electronic

component

• Same concept as 300:

– Capacitance probes– Float switches

• Wing tank measurement is now by capacitance probe

• Very accurate…

7‐61

Capacitance Probes in Wing Tanks7‐61



Updated Placards

Engine & Propeller

Pages 7-69 to 7-75

Engine & Propeller• -34, but same flat rating

– 50 PSI take-off torque to ISA + 27°C– 50 PSI cruise torque to ISA+ 13°C– Reduced power take-offs FORBIDDEN

• Dynamic limitations display

• Beta indication, but no back-up system

• Intelligent ‘Reset Props’ annunciation.

7‐64

Fuel Control Unit• Change to fuel cut-

off system

• Simplified, similar to original -20

• No cut-off and dump valve.

7‐70



Beta Backup System Removed• Back-up

system completely removed

• Ground fine range indication remains.

7‐70

Ground Fine Range Indication• Cyan inverse video

background to NP

• Limitations will vary with NG

• ‘PROP LOW PITCH’red warning in flight.

7‐70

‘Reset Props’ Indication7‐70

Reset Props Logic7‐70

Speed left ADAHRS <87

Speed left validity OK

Speed right ADAHRS <87

Speed right validity OK

Switch positionindicates props not forward

Condition exists≥ 5 seconds

Message visiblefor minimum of0.5 seconds.

Either input will do

Both criteria required



System Test Switches• Identical to 300 in

every respect

• Green Beta button gone

• Autofeather weekly(300 also weekly now)

• Governor daily.

7‐72

Dynamic Limitation DisplayIdle Power Take-off Power

7‐75, 7‐76, 2‐18

Fire System Differences

AFM Page 7-79

Fire System Differences• Everything functionally identical to 300

• Some ‘fit, form, & function identical’ part replacements

• Spoken warning (aural alert) replaces bell.

7‐79



Fire Pushbutton7‐79

Fire Detection Probes7‐79

Pneumatic (Bleed Air) Differences

AFM Page 7-81

Pneumatic (Bleed Air) Differences

• ‘Pneumatic Low Press’ only present when boots installed – and boots selected ON

• Otherwise no change from 300.

7‐81



Ice & Rain Differences


Ice & Rain Differences• Switch locations

• Intake deflector indication

• Pitot Heat annunciation

• Boots Control (Switches) simplified

• No dual pressure switch (∵ no auto heating).

7‐83

‘Basic’ Switches7‐83

Across the top row, left switch panel

(Windshield Heat is not basic)

‘Optional’ De-Ice Switches7‐83

Across the middle row, right switch panel



Aircraft without De-Ice boots7‐83

Blank middle row, right switch panelIntake Deflector Indication• Only indication of

extension is different

– Green A/I outboard of each T5 gauge

• Everything else identical to 300.

7‐86

Pitot Heat AnnunciationTwo Configuration Possibilities:

1) FAA Commuter (2010 cert. criteria)– CAS present if pitot heat not turned on– Default configuration from factory

2) Less Intrusive (ELOS) planned– CAS present only if pitot heat turned on and open circuit exists

in one pitot tube heater element, or;– OAT <5° and pitot heat not turned on.

7‐86

De-Ice Boot Switches• Two switches now combined into one

• ‘OFF’ position also enables manual control.

Section 9, Supplement 1



Heating & Ventilation


Heating & Ventilation• Gaspers for pilots

• Controls relocated

• Automatic Temp Control deleted

• Airflow optimized

• Otherwise identical to 300.

7‐89

Gaspers for Pilots7‐89

Gaspers for Pilots7‐89



Ram & Cabin Air Controls7‐91, 7‐92

Right Side Defrost Duct Added7‐91, 7‐92

Switches & AnnunciationSwitches Annunciation

Cabin Temperature SensorSensor Annunciation



Hydraulic Differences

AFM Pages 7-96 & 7-97

Hydraulic Differences• No changes to system design or

system function, but:

1. Enhanced annunciation of low pressure

2. Start forbidden with low pressure

3. Hydraulic Pump Overtemperature CAS added.

7‐94

CAS Messages7‐96

Pressure Sensing7‐96



Limitation4‐21

Landing Gear Differences

AFM Page 7-98

Landing Gear Differences• Cleveland brakes

standard

• Don’t ride the brakes, overheating will result

• Allow to cool to the touch following RTO.

7‐99

Flight Control Differences


page ref



Flight Control Differences• No physical changes to controls compared

to 300

• Flap Roller system improved

• Indications have changed

• Monitoring and advisory is more sophisticated – V constraints, TOWS.

7‐101

Flap Position Sensing7‐101

Trim Tab Position Indication• When on ground, green

indicates take-off range

• Legacy mechanical indications for pitch and yaw remain

• 37° = 37.5°(display is limited to 2 digits)

• Only the permitted flap settings are shown.

7‐101

Trim Tab Position Indication



Flap Roller STC (rubber) TOWS (Take-off Warning System)• Criteria:

– Aircraft on ground >20 seconds– Flaps set to between 8° and 12° (18 ° to 22° for floatplane)– Elevator and rudder trims within green band – Autofeather SELECTED

• Advisory (cyan) if Torque <20 PSI

• Warning (red, with voice) if Torque >20 PSI– Warning persists for minimum 2 seconds.

7‐103

TOWS (Take-off Warning System)7‐103

0

Flap Speed Constraint• Appears when

flap extension is >2°

• 103 knots ≥ 12°

• 93 knots > 12°

• Disappears when flap extension is <2°.

7‐108



Approach Plate Holder7‐107

Limitations Differences

Section 2 of AFM/POH

Section 2

Data Plate Engine Limitations• Not necessary to memorize engine limits

• The engine knows its own limitations

• Exceedences will be shown in amber or red, accompanied by a CAS message

• Acceleration limits are incorporated

• See pages 2-18 through 2-20.

2‐13



Electrical Limitations• Idle +15% has been dropped

(both 300 and 400)

– Use common sense instead

• 55% Ng before generator on (400 only) for voltage stability.

2‐20

Landing Flap Limitation• No more than 20° flap if landing weight is less than

9,500 pounds

– See bottom paragraph page 2-28– Due to low speed awareness tape issues

– Don’t need full flap at those weights anyway.

2‐28

Single Pilot Limitations• No single pilot IFR until QRH written

– See page 2-29, item 2.11.1

• Bookshelf, pen holder, approach plate holder all required for single pilot IFR

• Single pilot IFR in IMC really not recommended (Viking doesn’t do it).

2‐29

Apex Limitations• Use FMS for

non-precision approaches only

• No changeover warning (like Garmin)

• Watch the datum

– SID, STAR OK– Approach not OK.

2‐33



Occupancy & Headset Limitations2‐41

Normal Procedures


Normal Procedures (1 of 7)• Same as 300 (at R53), except for avionics

differences

• Never start with a red CAS message(This is common sense, not a limitation)

• Start with props forward (always)

• Turn ESIS on before start (120 second warm-up)

• Continue start if Apex shuts down during start.

Section 4

Normal Procedures (2 of 7 - taxi)

• MEL may provide relief for amber CAS

• Red means stop.

4‐25



Normal Procedures (3 of 7)• Start both engines before generators on

• 200 millisecond limit EXTERNAL to BATTERY

• 55% Ng before generator(s) on

• Autofeather test weekly, not daily

• Never start with a red CAS message(Common sense, not a limitation).

Section 3

Normal Procedures (4 of 7 - takeoff)

• MEL may provide relief for amber CAS

• Take-off forbidden with red CAS(flight permit would be required).

4‐29

Normal Procedures (5 of 7)

• Also applies to 300 – reduced power take-off supplement has been withdrawn.

4‐30

Normal Procedures (6 of 7)4‐31




Note pitch/speed problem here…


Emergency Procedures


Section 3

Emergency Procedures• Same as 300 (at R53), for anything involving

‘flight’(first 81 pages)

• Red border = red CAS messages(pages 13 to 33) – see table of contents

• Summary table on pages 82 – 85

• Will review post page 85 after Apex training.

Section 3

part 1 (march 2011) dhc-6 series 300 to 400 training (ac differences)

Documents

withtr1 michaelmoore

vikingairlimited page1dhc

avionics system overview

avionics system operation

roof pull step

aircraft differences

seating theatre type

system info annunciation