part 1: vocabulary - weeblywestonclasses.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/0/9/13094767/foundation...b. areas...

1 | F o o t i n g s , F o u n d a t i o n s a n d C o n c r e t e Foundation_Worksheet

Name: ________________________________________________ Date: __________________

References:

Architecture: Residential Drafting and Design (Chapter 17) at http://www.g‐wonlinetextbooks.com/. ***Use the classroom Username and Password to access the textbook, not your personally assigned Polk County Schools username and password.

Directions:

Complete Part 1 with the class in conjunction with the unit introduction. Complete parts 2 through 5 using the reference(s) listed above. Complete Part 6 with the class in conjunction with the post‐reading lecture. Upon completion of all sections, electronically sign this document in Part 7 to certify that this is your work, and submit for grading.

Grading:

One grade worth a maximum of 100 points will be entered into the gradebook for completion of this packet

Part 1: Vocabulary Part 1 is a whole class exercise. As each term is covered in class, write a definition in your own words and list any conjugations of the word.

1. Masonry:

2. Diagonal:

3. Elevation:

4. Plumb Bob:

5. Saw Kerf:

6. Foundation:

7. Footing:

George Jenkins High School Drafting II


8. Excavate:

9. Frost Penetration:

10. Grade:

11. Backfill:

12. Capacity:

13. Weight Distribution:

14. Reinforced:

15. Load:

16. Compress:

17. Bearing:

18. Monolith:

19. Span:

20. Pressure Treated:

21. Moisture Barrier:

22. Cavity Wall:

23. Lateral Force:

24. Anchor:

25. Contraction:



Part 2: Multiple Choice Using the textbook as a reference, select the best answer and write the corresponding letter in the space provided.

_____ 1. The posts used in post foundations are commonly made of __________.

A. masonry B. steel C. pressure‐treated wood D. all of the above.

_____ 2. A wood foundation is particularly suitable in __________.

A. a garage where the distance is too great to span with floor joists B. areas where the sea level is high C. warmer climates where freezing of the ground is infrequent D. none of the above.

_____ 3. For a wood foundation, the trench excavated for a structure with a crawl space should be __________ deep.

A. less than 10″ B. at least 12″ C. 9″ D. 6″

_____ 4. When using a wood foundation for a basement, __________.

A. the site is excavated 12″ deeper than the regular depth B. a basement sump is installed in poorly drained soils C. no foundation drainage is necessary D. all of the above.

_____ 5. Nails used in wood foundations should be made of __________.

A. hot‐dipped zinc‐coated steel B. copper C. silicon bronze D. all of the above.

_____ 6. The floor joists or trusses of a wood foundation are placed on the __________.

A. double top plate of the foundation wall B. inside of the foundation wall C. basement floor slab D. none of the above.

_____ 7. Backfilling for a wood foundation should be started __________.

A. before the floor joists or trusses are installed B. before the polyethylene film is applied C. after the basement floor has cured and the first floor is installed D. all of the above.



_____ 8. The ability of a concrete or masonry basement wall to resist earth pressure is determined by ____________.

A. support from crosswalls B. the size of the floor joists C. the live load of the structure D. All of the above.

_____ 9. The distance from the top of the basement floor to the bottom of the floor joists above should be no less than __________.

A. 5′ B. 6′ C. 7′ D. 8′

_____ 10. Basement load bearing crosswalls should be attached to exterior walls by __________.

A. metal tie bars B. a masonry bond C. anchor bolts D. all of the above.

_____ 11. If a wood sill bears on the outer and inner face shells of a block foundation wall, ___________.

A. cap the top course of block using 4″ solid block B. capping may be omitted C. cores in the top course are filled with concrete or mortar D. the top course may be capped with reinforced concrete masonry bond beam

_____ 12. Damp‐proofing concrete block basement walls should be done by __________.

A. painting the outside of the blocks with oil base paints B. applying a 1/4″ coat of fire clay C. applying two 1/4″ thick coats of cement‐mortar or plaster, then a coat of hot tar or a

similar waterproofing material D. all of the above.

_____ 13. To eliminate water damage to basements in wet or poorly drained soils, __________.

A. install a check valve in the floor drain to keep water from flowing in through the drain B. reinforce the floor slab to resist uplift from groundwater pressure C. install a sump pump to take away any water that seeps in D. all of the above.

_____ 14. To support a 4″ masonry wall above an opening, the smallest piece of steel angle that can be used for a 10′‐6″ span is __________. (Refer to Figure 17‐37 in the textbook)

A. 3‐1/2″ × 3‐1/2″ × 5/16″ B. 4″ × 4″ × 5/16″ C. 4″ × 4″ × 3/8″ D. 6″ × 4″ × 3/8″



_____ 15. A float is used in finishing concrete to __________.

A. embed the large aggregate just beneath the surface B. remove any slight imperfections, lumps, and voids to produce a flat surface C. consolidate mortar at the surface in preparation for final steel‐troweling D. all of the above.

_____ 16. When ordering concrete, allow __________ cubic feet to the yard.

A. 24 B. 25 C. 26 D. 27

_____ 17. Concrete slabs are normally placed on a base of compacted sand __________ thick.

A. 4″ to 6″ B. 5″ to 7″ C. 6″ to 8″ D. 9″ to 10″

_____ 18. The actual size of a typical “concrete block” (hollow concrete masonry unit) is __________ .

A. 7‐5/8″ × 7‐5/8″ × 15‐5/8″ B. 8″ × 8″ × 16″ C. 8‐5/8″ × 8‐5/8″ × 16‐5/8″ D. 9″ × 9″ × 18″

Part 3: Completion Using the textbook as a reference, complete each sentence with the proper response. Place your answer on the space provided.

1. When staking out a house location, a surveyor’s transit must be used for measuring angles other than __________ degrees.

2. The distances used to locate the corners of a house are taken from the __________________ plan.

3. To lay out square corners, the __________ unit method can be used.

4. ___________________ measurements check the position of the corners for accuracy (squareness).

5. The location of the foundation is kept during excavation and construction by the use of _________________________.

6. Batter boards are placed approximately __________ outside the footing line.

7. To ensure that each stake of the batter boards is placed accurately, a(n) ________________ is used.

8. The corner having the highest elevation is normally selected for the _____________________ point.

9. The finished floor of the house should be a minimum of __________ above the grade.

10. The material normally used for the footings of residential structures is _______________________.

11. Footings should be excavated at least __________ into undisturbed earth and a minimum of 6″ below the average maximum frost penetration depth.

12. To obtain the minimum footing depth for any given area, check the local _____________________.



13. Where part of the footings bear on rock, remove approximately _________ of the rock and replace with compacted sand to equalize settling.

14. Only when soil tests prove that the earth is adequately compacted to sustain a building should ________________ be placed in filled or regraded soils.

15. Excavate a gentle back slope in ___________________ soil.

16. Excavation in ___________________ permits a steep slope.

17. The footing for a fireplace should be _____________ inches.

18. Beams may be made of either metal or ________________.

19. The _________ (top/bottom) flange on a steel post is larger.

20. Lintels should extend at least __________ into a masonry wall on either side of an opening.

21. Sidewalks, driveways, footings, and basement floors require one part cement, __________ part(s) sand, and five parts aggregate.

22. Vibrating or ________________ poured concrete results in a more dense product and dislodges weak spots caused by air pockets.

23. A(n) __________________ wide flange beam (less than 16″ deep) is the most economical (lightest) for supporting a uniform load of 55 kips (55,000 lbs) that spans 14′. (Refer to Figure 17‐29 in the textbook)

Part 4: Matching Using the textbook as a reference, match each type of foundation shown in the following illustration with its correct name. Place the corresponding letter in the space provided

A B C D E

_____ 1. Pier foundation

_____ 2. Wood foundation

_____ 3. T‐foundation

_____ 4. Slab foundation

_____ 5. Post foundation

GRADE



Using the textbook as a reference, match the following terms with the correct description. Place the corresponding letter in the space provided.

A. Parge coat B. Aggregate C. AWWF D. Bearing wall E. Cement

F. Concrete G. Contraction joint

H. Float I. Jointing tool J. Kip

K. Lintel L. PWF M. Pier foundation N. Plot plan

O. S‐beam

P. Saw kerf Q. Screed R. Slab foundation S. T‐foundation T. Trowel

_____ 6. Provides the dimensions to be used when staking out the location of the house on the lot.

_____ 7. Prevents movement of string along batter board.

_____ 8. The name of this foundation comes from its shape.

_____ 9. Sometimes called a thickened‐edge slab.

_____ 10. A foundation used in a crawl space where the distance is too large for a single span.

_____ 11. Permanent wood foundation.

_____ 12. All weather wood foundation.

_____ 13. Thin coat of plaster applied over a foundation wall for damp‐proofing.

_____ 14. Supports a portion of the load of the building.

_____ 15. Formerly called an I‐beam.

_____ 16. Equals 1,000 pounds.

_____ 17. A horizontal structural element that supports the load over openings such as windows or doors.

_____ 18. The combination of cement, sand, aggregate and water.

_____ 19. Contains lime, silica, alumina, iron components, and gypsum.

_____ 20. Stone or gravel.

_____ 21. Used to smooth a concrete surface.

_____ 22. A foot long board with a handle attached to one of the flat sides.

_____ 23. A concrete finishing tool used in a circular motion to further harden the surface and develop a very smooth finish.

_____ 24. Used in large areas of concrete to control cracking.

_____ 25. Used to cut grooves in freshly placed concrete.



Using the textbook as a reference, identify the components shown on the following basement wall drawing. Place the corresponding letter in the space provided.

_____ 26. Sill Plate

_____ 27. Rim Joist

_____ 28. Expansion Joint

_____ 29. Drain Tile

Part 5: Short Answer/Listing Using the textbook as a reference, provide brief answers to the following questions.

1. What is the purpose of a footing?

2. Generally, how thick and wide should a footing be?

3. Why might a difference in settling occur for a structure resting on two different subsoils?

4. What can be done to footings to reduce cracks caused by uneven settling?

CB

A

D

1’‐4” 8”

7’‐5”

2 x 10 Floor Joist



5. When would reinforcement bars (rebar) be used in footings?

6. What can be done to prevent cracking where steps are located in horizontal and vertical footings?

7. Where do foundation walls begin and terminate on a residential structure?

8. List several common materials used to construct foundation walls.

9. List the four basic types of foundation walls.

10. What factors determine the type of foundation to be used?

11. What are form boards and when are they used?

12. Should the foundation wall of a slab foundation extend below the frost line?

13. List the advantages of a slab foundation.



14. List three reasons why built‐up wood beams are used more often than solid wood beams in residential construction.

15. List two advantages of solid wood beams over built‐up beams.

16. List two advantages of the W‐beam over the S‐beam.

17. What are live loads? List some examples.

18. What are dead loads? List some examples.

19. List four materials from which lintels are commonly made.

20. List three places where contraction joints should be located.



Part 6: Guided Notes In conjunction with the post‐reading lecture, provide brief answers to the following questions.

1. How does an understanding of geometry, specifically right triangles, help with preparing a site for excavation and construction?

2. How does a footing distribute the weight of a structure?

3. What function does rebar serve when used with concrete?

4. What types of foundations are most common in Florida?

5. Explain the difference between a foundation wall and a stem wall?

6. What type of footing is needed to support a load‐bearing interior partition?

7. What is the function of a lintel?

8. In general, what is the minimum compressive strength of concrete used in footings and floors?

9. What are the dimensions of a concrete masonry unit (CMU)?

10. Why is it important to know the dimensions of building products, such as concrete block, important when designing structures?



Part 7: Certification My electronic signature below certifies that all the work contained within this packet is my own work.

________________________________________

WARNING: DO NOT SIGN THIS DOCUMENT UNTIL YOU HAVE COMPLETED THE ENTIRE WORKSHEET, TO INCLUDE THE ATTACHMENTS. ONCE SIGNED, YOU WILL NOT BE ABLE TO FURTHER EDIT THIS DOCUMENT.

***Failure to sign a submitted document will result in a 20 point deduction for each grade given as outlined in the grading note at the top of page one.

part 1: vocabulary - weeblywestonclasses.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/0/9/13094767/foundation...b. areas...

Documents