part 2: economy and society...the yellow wallpaper (1892) a modern horror story hysteria and its...
TRANSCRIPT
PART 2: ECONOMY
AND SOCIETY
William Graham Sumner
Lochner v New York
Thorstein Veblen
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Misfortune and Injustice
�Concepts
�Examples
�Purpose
�Implications
19th Century Political Economy
�Starting points
�Demographic change
�Economic growth
� nationalization
� “robber barons”: Carnegie, Rockefeller
�The right to private property
� Reconstruction
� anti-paternalism
� economic theory
A New Gilded Age?
15.0%50.5%34.6%2007
15.3%50.3%34.3%2004
15.6%51.0%33.4%2001
16.6%45.3%38.1%1998
16.1%45.4%38.5%1995
16.2%46.6%37.2%1992
16.5%46.2%37.4%1989
18.7%47.5%33.8%1983
Bottom 80 percentNext 19 percentTop 1 percent
Total Net Worth
A New Gilded Age?
Share of Wealth
CEOs’ pay as a multiple of the average worker’s pay
The Politics of Necessity
�William Graham Sumner, “Sociology”
�Nature, scarcity, and struggle
� law of population
� law of diminishing returns
�Progress
� capital
�Social Darwinism
� Herbert Spencer
� survival of the fittest
The Science of Society
�Sociology
�Scientific imperatives
� the law of nature
William Graham Sumner
�1840-1910
�Episcopal priest
�Yale professor
�Prolific writer
� “That it is not Wicked to be Rich”
� Folkways
William Graham Sumner
William Graham Sumner
�1840-1909
�Episcopal priest
�Yale professor
�Prolific writer
� “That it is not Wicked to be Rich”
� Folkways
The Forgotten Man
�The pathetic instinct
�benevolence
�The forgotten man
� [A + B]: C ⇒ D
�Wealth and poverty
� creating and consuming wealth
� deserving and undeserving poor
�Nature’s remedy
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
The Neutral State
�The lessons of history
�The true meaning of liberty
� freedom and contract
Lochner v. New York (1905)
�Overview
�Significance
� judicial activism
� substantive vs. procedural due process
�Substantive due process
� source of rights?
�Policy, police, and political science
� “ward of the state”
�Dissenting opinions
� Harlan; Holmes
Joseph Lochner
Lochner v. New York (1905)
�Overview
�Significance
� judicial activism
� substantive vs. procedural due process
�Substantive due process
� source of rights?
�Policy, police, and political science
� “ward of the state”
�Dissenting opinions
� Harlan; Holmes
Accidents and Identities…
Desire
Status
� Examples
� leisure
� vicarious leisure
� pecuniary emulation
� Status
� standing; reputation
� ascribed; achieved
� positional; relational
� we crave: honor, prestige, esteem
� we abhor: contempt, disdain
� Leisure class and high status
� wealth and virtue
Monticello
Thorstein Veblen
�1857 - 1929
� Wisconsin; Minnesota
�University of Chicago
� Theory of the Leisure Class
� Theory of Business Enterprise
�Stanford University
�University of Missouri
� The Instinct for Workmanship
�New School for Social Research
� The Engineers and the Price System
Thorstein Veblen
Thorstein Veblen
�1857 - 1929
� Wisconsin; Minnesota
�University of Chicago
� Theory of the Leisure Class
� Theory of Business Enterprise
�Stanford University
�University of Missouri
� The Instinct for Workmanship
�New School for Social Research
� The Engineers and the Price System
Conspicuous Waste
�The concept of waste
� labor taboo
� waste vs. workmanship
�Conspicuous consumption
� social bases
� forms
Archaic Institutions and Atavistic Men
�The evolution of society
� lag-time
�Leisure-class atavism
� security, shelter
� conservatism
�The mechanical class
Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935)
�1860 - 1935
�Early life
� childhood
� marriage
� Charles Stetson; S. Weir Mitchell
�California
� socialism; feminism
� Women and Economics
� Herland
Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935)
Gilman Quotes
� “There is no female mind. The brain is not an
organ of sex. Might as well speak of a female liver.”
� "It is not that women are really smaller-minded,
weaker-minded, more timid and vacillating, but that whosoever, man or woman, lives always in a small, dark place, is always guarded, protected, directed and restrained, will become inevitably narrowed and weakened by it."
Silas Weir MitchellCharles Walter Stetson
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
�1860 - 1935
�Early life
� childhood
� marriage
� Charles Stetson; S. Weir Mitchell
�California
� socialism; feminism
� Women and Economics
� Herland
Point Loma: “Universal Brotherhood and Theosophical Society” (1897)
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
�1860 - 1935
�Early life
� childhood
� marriage
� Charles Stetson; S. Weir Mitchell
�California
� socialism; feminism
� Women and Economics
� Herland
Androcentrism
�The Man Made World
�The evidence of inequality
� political
� cultural
� economic
�Separate spheres
� “cult of true womanhood”
� male/female ≈ public/private
The Descent of Woman
�Evolution and environment
�Gilman’s speculative anthropology
�Gilman’s speculative biology
� Lamarck
� Salic Law
The Yellow Wallpaper (1892)
�A modern horror story
�Hysteria and its cure
�Madness and identity
The Yellow Wallpaper