part camp ny jun09 elliott
DESCRIPTION
Dr Mark Elliott's presentation to ParticipationCamp09 - held the weekend of 27-28 June at NYU's Interactive Telecommunications Program @ the Tisch School of the Arts 721 Broadway, New York. Mark's talk focused on how to engage citizens in collaborative planning and policy-making using participatory tools and methods.TRANSCRIPT
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collaboration :: cooperation :: coordination
Coordination, Cooperation & CollaborationTools & Modalities for Collaborative Planning & Policy-making
Participation CampNew York, 2009
Mark ElliottChief Consultant & DirectorCollabforge
3 June 2009 :: MDBA :: Canberra
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Starting At The Beginning
What is participation?
Dictionary: ‘to take part’
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Starting At The Beginning
‘Participation’ must get more defined in order to:• to map & augment existing processes• develop new processes• build & or match tools to suit
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What is participation?
Understanding Participation
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Understanding Participation
Collective Activity Process Output
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Understanding Participation
Collective Activity Process Output
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Understanding Participation
Why are we here?
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Understanding Participation
Why are we here?
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Understanding Participation
Why are we here?
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Understanding Participation
Opportunity to engage:• ideas surrounding this event?• presenters like me?• people next to you?
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Understanding Participation
Potential lies in the space that is our commonalities & differences:• ideas• experiences• resources• connections
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Understanding Participation
This space is diminished by our proximity here, now.
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Understanding Participation
This space is a relational space.
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Coordination
This space is a relational space -defined by the way it brings together
peopledisparate
ideasmatter
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Coordination
Collective Activity Process Output
Coordinationdisparate elements pulled into a
relational spacepatterns across disparate
elements emerge
Example: how a search engine uses keywords to bring together webpages and resources on the Internet.
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Cooperation
Cooperation (process / set of instructions) provides for transactional exchange that leads
to an aggregation of value
• reciprocal altruism or recycling• captialism or communism• file sharing or social bookmarking• lining up for our groceries or traffic lights• representative democracy...
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Cooperation
implicit or explicitconscious or unconscious
massive or microdesigned or evolved
proprietary or open sourcedemocratic or autocratic
cooperative processes can be
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Cooperation
compliance of will
Enabler of cooperative process:
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Understanding Participation
Collective Activity Process Output
Coordinationdisparate elements pulled into a
relational spacepatterns across disparate
elements emerge
Cooperationindividuals comply to process /
set of instructions aggregated value of
individual contributions
Examples: a company & profit, a survey & results, voting & elected politician, taxation & social service.
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Collaboration
Collaboration = collective creation
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What do we typically mean by ‘collaboration’?
‘working together towards a shared objective’
Collaboration
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Co-creation on part of a group of people with add/edit/delete rights to
the same pool of content.
Collaboration is:
Collaboration
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Collective Activity Process Output
Coordinationdisparate elements pulled into a
relational spacepatterns across disparate
elements emerge
Cooperationindividuals comply to process /
set of instructions aggregated value of
individual contributions
Collaborationparticipants of a group add/edit/
delete same pool of content
co-created innovation representing a shared
understanding
Collaboration
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Collaboration
Convergent production is a cognitive process whereby an agent seeks a single best solution
mathematics, logic, scientific method
Divergent production develops multiple solutions to the same problem domain
creative arts, lateral thinking, brainstorming
J. P. Guilford (1950; 1962)
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Collaboration
To ‘consciously collaborate’ have to consider:
• What should we collaborate on?• How shall we do it?• medium, process, tools, etc
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Negotiation in Collective Activity
Collaboration, cooperation & coordinationall require amounts of two types of negotiation.
Cultural negotiation: language, norms, beliefs, values (sociology)
Social negotiation: personal histories & relationships, personalities &
computability issues, reputation (psychology)
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A collaborative system’s capacity for negotiation is directly proportional to the
robustness of its outcomes.
Negotiation in Collective Activity
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Collective Activity Process Output Negotiation
Coordinationdisparate elements
pulled into a relational space
patterns across disparate elements
become visible
Low (cultural)
Cooperationindividuals comply to
process / set of instructions
aggregated value of individual
contributions
Medium(cultural, social)
Collaborationparticipants of a group add/edit/deletes same
pool of content
co-created innovation representing a shared
understanding
High(social, cultural)
Understanding Participation
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Understanding Collaboration
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Mass Collaboration
Recently, something important has happened:
we have broken through collaboration’s glass ceiling
wikis disintermediate social negotiation with creative contribution