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Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  xxxi

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  xxxiii

Part I: Getting Started with Adobe Photoshop CS6 1

Chapter 1: Introducing Adobe Photoshop CS6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Discovering the Versatile World of Photoshop ........................................................... 3Knowing when to use Photoshop .................................................................... 4Understanding the limitations of Photoshop .................................................... 5

Looking at What’s New in Photoshop CS6 .................................................................. 6Summary ............................................................................................................ 14

Chapter 2: Exploring the Photoshop Workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Touring the Workspace ......................................................................................... 15Cruising the Photoshop menu bar ................................................................. 16Looking at the document workspace ............................................................. 18

Changing the view size of a document .................................................. 18Viewing document information ............................................................ 20Arranging the view of multiple documents ............................................ 21

Understanding the Toolbox and tool options bar............................................. 24Understanding panels .................................................................................. 25Using workspace presets .............................................................................. 27

Exploring the Photoshop Menu Bar ........................................................................ 27Using the File menu .................................................................................... 28Exploring the Edit menu .............................................................................. 28Using the Image menu ................................................................................. 29

Ruler Tool .......................................................................................... 30Count Tool ......................................................................................... 31Record Measurements .......................................................................... 31Set Measurement Scale ........................................................................ 31Select Data Points ............................................................................... 32Place Scale Marker .............................................................................. 33

Understanding the Layer menu ..................................................................... 33Examining the Type menu ............................................................................ 33Using the Select menu ................................................................................. 35Exploring the Filter menu ............................................................................ 35

Contents

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Understanding the 3D menu ......................................................................... 36Using the View menu ................................................................................... 36

Proof Options ..................................................................................... 37Extras and Show ................................................................................. 38Rulers ............................................................................................... 40Snap and Snap To ............................................................................... 41New Guide, Lock Guides, and Clear Guides ............................................. 41Lock Slices and Clear Slices .................................................................. 41

Exploring the Window menu ......................................................................... 41Using the Help menu ................................................................................... 42

Photoshop Help .................................................................................. 43Deactivate ......................................................................................... 43

Exploring Panels .................................................................................................. 44Understanding the Tools in the Toolbox ................................................................. 46Configuring Presets .............................................................................................. 50

Selecting tool presets .................................................................................. 51Managing presets ........................................................................................ 52Creating presets .......................................................................................... 54

Setting Preferences .............................................................................................. 55Updating General preferences ....................................................................... 56Arranging Interface preferences .................................................................... 61Setting File Handling preferences ................................................................. 62Adjusting Performance preferences ............................................................... 65Configuring Cursors preferences .................................................................... 67Setting Transparency & Gamut preferences ..................................................... 68Using Units & Rulers preferences .................................................................. 69Adjusting Guides, Grid, and Slices preferences ................................................ 71Configuring Plug-ins preferences ................................................................... 72Setting Type preferences .............................................................................. 72Adjusting 3D preferences ............................................................................. 73

Customizing Shortcuts and Menus ......................................................................... 74Customizing menus ..................................................................................... 74Customizing shortcuts ................................................................................. 75

Summary ............................................................................................................ 78

Chapter 3: Performing Image Basics  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Exploring File Types ............................................................................................. 79Understanding compressed versus uncompressed ............................................ 80Using raster versus vector ............................................................................ 80Introducing HDR images .............................................................................. 81Understanding image files ............................................................................ 81

Photoshop (*.PSD; *.PDD) .................................................................... 81Tagged Image File Format (*.TIF; *.TIFF) ............................................... 82Joint Photographic Experts Group (*.JPG; *.JPEG; *.JPE) ........................ 82

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JPEG 2000 (*.JP2; *.JPX) ..................................................................... 82CompuServ GIF (*.GIF) ........................................................................ 82Portable Network Graphics (*.PNG) ....................................................... 83Bitmap (*.BMP; *.RLE; *.DIB) ............................................................... 83RAW (*.RAW; *.CR; *.CR2; *.DNG; and several others) ............................. 83Portable bitmap (*.PBM; *.PGM; *.PPM; *.PNM; *.PFM; *.PAM) ................. 84Wireless bitmap (*.WBM; *.WBMPI) ....................................................... 84Encapsulated PostScript (*.EPS; *.AI3; *.AI8; *.PS; *.EPSP; *.EPSF) .......... 84Photoshop PDF (*.PDF; *.PDP) .............................................................. 85Personal Computer eXchange (*.PCX) .................................................... 85PICT (*.PCT; *.PICT) ............................................................................ 86Pixar (*.PXR) ..................................................................................... 86Flash XML Graphics (*.FXG).................................................................. 86Google Earth 4 (*.KMZ) ....................................................................... 86Photoshop Big (*.PSB) ........................................................................ 86OpenEXR (*.EXR) ................................................................................ 87Cineon (*.CIN) .................................................................................... 87Interchange File Format (*.IFF; *.TDI) .................................................. 87Scitex CT (*.SCT) ................................................................................ 87Targa (*.TGA; *.VDA; *.ICB; *.VST) ....................................................... 87Radiance (*.HDR; *.RGBE; *.XYZE) ........................................................ 87

Understanding video files ............................................................................ 88Supporting 3D file formats ........................................................................... 89Supporting the DICOM file format ................................................................. 89

Creating and Opening Images ................................................................................ 89Creating a new image .................................................................................. 90Opening an existing image ........................................................................... 91Opening an existing image as a specific file type ............................................ 92Saving an image .......................................................................................... 93

Resizing Files and Adjusting Resolution ................................................................. 95Understanding resolution ............................................................................. 96Changing the image size and resolution ......................................................... 96

Understanding the resolution and size relationship ................................ 96Understanding resizing algorithms in Photoshop .................................... 97Adjusting the image size and resolution ................................................ 98

Changing the canvas size ............................................................................100Cropping and Straightening Images ......................................................................101

Using general guidelines for cropping a photo ...............................................102Getting rid of background clutter ........................................................102Preserving aspect ratio .......................................................................102Applying the rule of thirds .................................................................102Giving your subject somewhere to go ...................................................103Closing in on your subject ..................................................................104Telling a story with a photo ................................................................105

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Cropping an image .....................................................................................105Using the Crop tool ............................................................................105Cropping an image to a different perspective ........................................108Cropping using the Selection tools.......................................................109

Straightening an image ...............................................................................109Rotating and flipping images ..............................................................110Rotating while cropping .....................................................................111Using the Crop and Straighten tool ......................................................112Using the Ruler tool ...........................................................................112

Trimming a border ......................................................................................114Summary ...........................................................................................................114

Chapter 4: Understanding Colors, Histograms, Levels, and Curves  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Knowing Color Basics ..........................................................................................117Understanding color ...................................................................................118Looking at color, intensity, and the human eye.............................................118

Understanding Channels and Levels ......................................................................119Adjusting with Histograms...................................................................................119

Understanding histograms ...........................................................................120Determining overexposure and underexposure in an image.....................120Determining color balance in an image .................................................121

Using the Histogram panel ..........................................................................122Setting Histogram panel options .........................................................123Selecting channels .............................................................................124Selecting a source ..............................................................................125Understanding statistics .....................................................................126

Adjusting images with the histogram tools ...................................................127Using the handles to adjust the histogram ...........................................128Using the eyedroppers to adjust the histogram .....................................129

Adjusting levels with the Curves tool ...........................................................130Understanding curves ........................................................................130Using the Curves tool .........................................................................131

Working in Different Color Modes .........................................................................133Understanding the different color modes ......................................................134

Bitmap .............................................................................................134Grayscale ..........................................................................................135Duotone ...........................................................................................136Indexed color ....................................................................................137RGB color ..........................................................................................139CMYK color .......................................................................................139Lab color ..........................................................................................139Multichannel .....................................................................................140

Learning about bits per channel ..................................................................140Choosing Colors ..................................................................................................141

Choosing colors with the Color Picker tool ....................................................141Using the Color panel .................................................................................144

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Using the Swatches panel ...........................................................................145Selecting color from an image with the Eyedropper tool .................................147Understanding the Color Sampler tool ..........................................................148Using the HUD Color Picker .........................................................................149

Summary ...........................................................................................................150

Chapter 5: Applying History and Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Understanding Photoshop’s Non-Destructive Features .............................................151Using the History Panel .......................................................................................153

Understanding the History panel .................................................................154Configuring the History panel .............................................................154Navigating through history states .......................................................156Using snapshots ................................................................................156Creating documents ...........................................................................157Deleting history ................................................................................157

Painting from history .................................................................................157Using the Eraser tool in the History panel ............................................158Using the History Brush .....................................................................160Making use of the Art History Brush ....................................................160Using selections when painting history ................................................160

Creating and Using Automated Actions .................................................................161Understanding the Actions panel .................................................................161Loading existing action sets ........................................................................164Creating custom actions ..............................................................................164Editing actions...........................................................................................165

Adding a stop ...................................................................................166Adding operations .............................................................................166Moving operations .............................................................................166Duplicating actions and operations ......................................................166Modifying operations .........................................................................167Deleting an operation ........................................................................168Modifying the action name and function key ........................................168Saving actions ...................................................................................168Adjusting action settings temporarily by using the toggle boxes .............168

Playing actions ..........................................................................................168Managing the action list .............................................................................168

Summary ...........................................................................................................169

Chapter 6: Using Bridge to Organize and Process Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Working in the Bridge Workspaces ........................................................................171Examining the Bridge utility .......................................................................172

Main menu bar ..................................................................................172Toolbar .............................................................................................173Window panes ...................................................................................174Content view controls ........................................................................175

Using the Bridge workspaces .......................................................................176

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Organizing Files in Bridge ....................................................................................177Importing images from cameras and card readers ...........................................178

Get Photos From ................................................................................178Location ...........................................................................................178Create Subfolder(s) ............................................................................178Rename Files .....................................................................................180Open Adobe Bridge ............................................................................181Convert to DNG ..................................................................................181Delete Original Files ...........................................................................182Save Copies To ...................................................................................182Apply Metadata .................................................................................182

Working with image metadata .....................................................................182Assigning ratings and labels to files .............................................................184Assigning keywords to files .........................................................................185

Adding an existing keyword to a file ...................................................186Adding a new keyword .......................................................................186Inserting a new subkeyword ...............................................................187Finding a keyword in the list ..............................................................187Renaming and deleting keywords ........................................................187

Renaming files ...........................................................................................187Finding files ..............................................................................................189

Locating files using the Filter panel .....................................................189Tracking files using the Find tool ........................................................190Viewing files using the Review Mode utility ..........................................191

Using collections ........................................................................................192Creating collections ...........................................................................192Creating smart collections ..................................................................192

Creating stacks ..........................................................................................193Deleting versus rejecting files ......................................................................194

Processing Images Using Bridge and Photoshop ......................................................195Opening images in Photoshop ......................................................................195

Placing images in Photoshop ...............................................................195Loading files as Photoshop layers ........................................................195Opening in Camera Raw ......................................................................196

Processing Multiple Files Using the Batch Interface ........................................196Using the Image Processor Interface .............................................................197Merging photos ..........................................................................................198

Using Photoshop Photomerge ..............................................................199Using Photoshop Merge to HDR ...........................................................199Auto-merging images into HDR and panoramic images ...........................199

Creating PDFs and Web Galleries ...................................................................201Creating a PDF ...................................................................................201Creating a Web Gallery .......................................................................203

Using the Mini-Bridge Tool in Photoshop ...............................................................205Summary ...........................................................................................................207

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Part II: Working with Camera Raw Images 209

Chapter 7: Exploring Camera Raw Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Looking at Camera Raw Benefits ...........................................................................212Keeping original CMOS information ..............................................................212Editing non-destructively ............................................................................213Saving time ...............................................................................................215

Understanding Camera Raw File Types ...................................................................216Creating an XMP sidebar file ........................................................................216Converting RAW formats to DNG files ............................................................216

Opening Images in Camera Raw ............................................................................217Getting to Know the Camera Raw Workspace ..........................................................218Changing Your Workflow Options ..........................................................................220

Setting the color space ...............................................................................221Choosing a bit depth ..................................................................................221Adjusting image size ..................................................................................222Setting the resolution.................................................................................223Applying output sharpening ........................................................................223Opening images as Smart Objects .................................................................224

Setting Preferences .............................................................................................224Saving images ............................................................................................224

Changing image settings ....................................................................225Applying Sharpening .........................................................................226

Changing the default image settings ............................................................226Modifying the Camera Raw cache .................................................................227Handling DNG files .....................................................................................227Handling JPEG and TIFF file formats .............................................................227

Using the Camera Raw Panel Menu ........................................................................228Creating Snapshots .............................................................................................230Saving Presets ....................................................................................................231Exporting Camera Raw Files .................................................................................232Summary ...........................................................................................................234

Chapter 8: Processing Photos with Camera Raw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Getting to Know the Camera Raw Tools .................................................................235Synchronizing Adjustments in Multiple RAW Images ...............................................239Adjusting the White Balance ................................................................................241

Using the White Balance tool ......................................................................242Changing the lighting settings ....................................................................243Using the Temperature and Tint sliders .........................................................243

Adjusting Lighting ..............................................................................................244Adjusting Color and Clarity ..................................................................................248

Tweaking clarity, vibrance, and saturation ....................................................249Adjusting the Tone Curve ............................................................................250

The Parametric panel .........................................................................250The Point tab ....................................................................................253

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Adjusting hue, saturation, and luminance.....................................................256Hue adjustments ...............................................................................257Saturation adjustments ......................................................................257Luminance adjustments ......................................................................258

Creating a grayscale photo ..........................................................................258Using Split Toning ......................................................................................259

Correcting and Retouching...................................................................................261Cloning and spot removal ............................................................................261Removing red-eye ......................................................................................263Using the Adjustment Brush ........................................................................264

Setting the Mask options ....................................................................265Using the pins ...................................................................................266Setting the Brush options ...................................................................266Setting the Adjustment options ..........................................................267

Creating a Graduated Filter ..........................................................................270Creating Artistic Effects .......................................................................................273

Adding grain to your image .........................................................................274Adding a vignette ......................................................................................274

Correcting Camera Quirks .....................................................................................276Making lens corrections ..............................................................................276Setting camera calibration ..........................................................................277

Reducing Noise and Adjusting Sharpness ...............................................................278Reducing noise ..........................................................................................278Sharpening ................................................................................................280

Summary ...........................................................................................................280

Part III: Working with Selections, Layers, and Channels 281

Chapter 9: Creating Selections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

Getting Familiar with the Select Menu ..................................................................283Using the Selection Tools ....................................................................................286

Exploring the Marquee tools ........................................................................286Using the Rectangular Marquee tool ....................................................289Using the Elliptical Marquee tool .........................................................289

Looking at the Lasso tools...........................................................................290Using the Lasso tool ..........................................................................292Using the Polygonal Lasso tool ............................................................292Using the Magnetic Lasso tool .............................................................294

Examining the Quick Selection tools .............................................................296Looking at the Quick Selection tool .....................................................296Working with the Quick Selection tool .................................................297Looking at the Magic Wand tool ..........................................................299Working with the Magic Wand tool ......................................................300

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Refining Your Selection .......................................................................................302Adjusting a selection ..................................................................................302

Using the selection tools ....................................................................302Transforming a selection ....................................................................303Using paths ......................................................................................304Using Quick Mask mode ......................................................................306

Refining the edges .....................................................................................310Changing your View Mode ...................................................................310Using the Edge Detection options ........................................................312Adjusting edges .................................................................................315Choosing Output settings ...................................................................316

Using the Color Range Selector .............................................................................317Summary ...........................................................................................................319

Chapter 10: Learning All About Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

Introducing Layers ..............................................................................................322Understanding multiple layers .....................................................................322Adding new layers ......................................................................................324

Adding another document as a new layer .............................................324Adding text or shapes as a new layer ...................................................325Creating selections to make a new layer ...............................................325

Using the Layer Menus ........................................................................................325Getting to know the Layer menu ..................................................................326Getting to know the Layers panel menu ........................................................329

Looking at the Layers Panel .................................................................................331Filtering layers ..........................................................................................331Changing the Opacity and Fill settings ..........................................................333Changing the lock settings ..........................................................................334Blending modes .........................................................................................335

Choosing Normal and Dissolve blending modes ......................................335Using darkening blending modes .........................................................336Using lightening blending modes ........................................................337Adding contrast blending modes .........................................................338Using difference blending modes .........................................................338Looking at the color blending modes ...................................................339Blending images using blending modes ................................................339

Linking layers ............................................................................................341Creating layer styles, layer masks, and fill and adjustment layers ....................342Grouping layers ..........................................................................................342Creating a blank layer .................................................................................343Throwing layers away .................................................................................343

Applying Worry-Free Fill and Adjustment Layers ....................................................343Choosing a fill or adjustment layer ...............................................................344Learning the basics of fill layers ..................................................................344Learning the basics of adjustment layers ......................................................345Editing the properties of a fill or adjustment layer .........................................348

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Creating Layer Style Special Effects.......................................................................348Choosing a layer style .................................................................................349Adjusting layer style options .......................................................................350Creating a separate layer from a layer style ...................................................351

Creating Smart Objects ........................................................................................352Converting a layer to a Smart Object ............................................................353Adding Smart Filters ...................................................................................354Making changes to Smart Filters ..................................................................354

Manipulating Layer Masks ....................................................................................357Creating masks ..........................................................................................357

Using the Add layer mask icon ............................................................357Using the Refine Edge dialog box ........................................................358Creating type masks ...........................................................................359Looking at clipping masks ..................................................................359

Editing masks ............................................................................................361Making changes to a mask by painting on the image .............................361Editing masks using the Channels panel ...............................................362Editing masks using the Properties panel .............................................363

Unlinking and moving masks .......................................................................365Creating Layer Comps ..........................................................................................367Merging Layers ...................................................................................................369Summary ...........................................................................................................370

Chapter 11: Exploring Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Understanding Color Channels ..............................................................................371Using the Channel Mixer......................................................................................373

Mixing colors with the Channel Mixer ...........................................................374Swapping colors .........................................................................................375Converting color to grayscale ......................................................................376

Using the Channels Panel ....................................................................................379Selecting channels .....................................................................................380Deleting channels ......................................................................................381Duplicating channels ..................................................................................381Splitting and merging channels ...................................................................382Sharing channels between images ................................................................382

Making Channel Selections ..................................................................................384Understanding the Alpha Channel ........................................................................387

Creating alpha channels ..............................................................................387Loading selections from alpha channels ........................................................388Modifying alpha channels ...........................................................................389Understanding alpha channels versus layer masks..........................................389Changing the channel options for alpha channels ..........................................390

Using Spot Color Channels ...................................................................................392Creating a spot color channel ......................................................................392Merging spot color channels ........................................................................394Removing ink overlap using spot color channels ............................................394

Summary ...........................................................................................................395

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Part IV: Enhancing, Correcting, and Retouching Images 397

Chapter 12: Optimizing Adjustment Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

Understanding Workflow .....................................................................................399Making Auto Adjustments ...................................................................................401Creating Adjustment Layers .................................................................................403Making Adjustments Using the Properties Panel .....................................................406Summary ...........................................................................................................408

Chapter 13: Lighting and Color Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

Applying Quick Adjustments to Light and Color .....................................................409Adjusting brightness and contrast versus exposure ........................................410

Using the Brightness/Contrast tool to adjust lighting ............................410Using the Exposure tool to adjust lighting ............................................411

Changing the color balance .........................................................................415Making selective color adjustments ..............................................................418Applying Photo Filter to images ...................................................................420Replacing specific colors .............................................................................422Using the Variations tool ............................................................................426Changing the shadows and highlights in images ............................................428

Fixing shadows ..................................................................................428Fixing highlights ...............................................................................428Adjusting after shadows or highlights are corrected ..............................429

Creating customized black-and-white photos .................................................430Fine-Tuning Hue and Saturation ...........................................................................432

Using the Hue/Saturation tool ....................................................................433Adjusting the hue and saturation to make colors pop .....................................436

Adjusting Levels .................................................................................................439Using the Levels adjustment tool .................................................................440Configuring the Auto Levels adjustment .......................................................444Adjusting levels to increase detail in images .................................................445

Making Adjustments with Curves ..........................................................................448Using the Curves tool .................................................................................449Configuring the Curves tool .........................................................................453Configuring the Auto Curves tool .................................................................454Adjusting the curve to correct color and contrast in images ............................454

Using the Match Color Tool to Change Colors .........................................................458Working with HDR Images ...................................................................................461

Creating HDR images ..................................................................................462Converting HDR images to 8 bits per channel ................................................466

Summary ...........................................................................................................468

Chapter 14: Applying Sharpness, Blur, and Noise Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471

Using Sharpening Filters to Sharpen Images ..........................................................471Understanding basic sharpening filters .........................................................472Using the Unsharp Mask filter .....................................................................476Applying Smart Sharpen .............................................................................480

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Using Blur Filters to Soften Images .......................................................................482Understanding the automatic blur filters ......................................................483Using the Gaussian, Box, and Shape Blur filters .............................................483

Gaussian Blur ....................................................................................483Box Blur ...........................................................................................484Shape Blur ........................................................................................485

Creating a direction blur .............................................................................486Adding a Motion Blur to an image .......................................................486Radial Blur ........................................................................................488

Adding a Surface Blur .................................................................................489Applying a Smart Blur ................................................................................489Faking Lens Blur ........................................................................................490

Preview ............................................................................................490Depth Map ........................................................................................491Iris ...................................................................................................492Specular Highlights............................................................................492Noise ................................................................................................493

Introducing the Blur Gallery ........................................................................493Using the Blur Gallery Options bar .......................................................493Using the on-image controls ...............................................................495Applying a Field Blur .........................................................................499Applying an Iris Blur ..........................................................................501Applying a Tilt-Shift Blur ...................................................................503Adding blur effects in the Blur Gallery .................................................504

Reducing Noise in an Image .................................................................................506Using the Despeckle filter ...........................................................................506Applying a Median filter .............................................................................506Reducing dust and scratches .......................................................................507Reducing noise ..........................................................................................508Adding noise .............................................................................................509

Summary ...........................................................................................................510

Chapter 15: Cleaning Up Digital Images with Cloning and Healing Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513

Using the Healing Brush Tools..............................................................................513Using the Spot Healing Brush ......................................................................514

Proximity Match ................................................................................515Create Texture ...................................................................................515Content-Aware ..................................................................................515

Using the Healing Brush .............................................................................520Fixing larger blemishes with the Patch tool ...................................................524Using the Content-Aware fill .......................................................................526Using the Remix tool ..................................................................................529Fixing red-eye ...........................................................................................532

Using the Clone Stamp Tool .................................................................................532Looking over the Clone Stamp options ..........................................................533Learning the basics of cloning .....................................................................534Utilizing the Clone Source panel ..................................................................537

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Using the Clone and Healing Brushes Together for Optimal Effect .............................543Fixing damaged photos ...............................................................................543Swapping faces with multiple images ...........................................................546

Summary ...........................................................................................................550

Part V: Using Paint, Paths, Shapes, and Text Tools 551

Chapter 16: Editing with Paintbrush Tools  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553

Painting in Photoshop .........................................................................................553Understanding the Painting Tools .........................................................................554

Working with painting tools in blending modes .............................................555Choosing a basic blending mode option ................................................555Applying a darkening blending mode ...................................................556Selecting a lightening blending mode ..................................................556Adding contrast blending modes .........................................................557Blending two layers ...........................................................................557Finishing with a color blending mode ..................................................558

Applying color with painting tools ...............................................................558Painting with editing tools ..........................................................................563

Making quick fixes with the healing tools ............................................563Choosing a Stamp tool to replace pixels ...............................................564Using history tools ............................................................................564Choosing an eraser tool ......................................................................565Selecting the right Sharpen, Blur, or Smudge tool .................................568Choosing a Dodge, Burn, or Sponge tool ...............................................569

Painting with mixing tools ..........................................................................572Using the Brush Panel .........................................................................................574

Selecting the brush tip shape ......................................................................574Selecting flat brush shapes .................................................................575Choosing bristle brush shapes .............................................................576Selecting erodible tip brush shapes ......................................................579Selecting airbrush shapes ...................................................................581

Setting the brush behavior ..........................................................................582Configuring the Shape Dynamics settings .............................................583Creating a scattering effect .................................................................584Applying a texture effect ...................................................................585Applying the dual brush strokes ..........................................................587Painting with multiple colors simultaneously ........................................587Controlling the brush stroke with the Transfer option ...........................588

Using the Brush Presets panel .....................................................................589Painting with Non-Brush Painting Tools ................................................................591

Applying paint to layers .............................................................................591Filling a selection with a color or pattern .....................................................593Applying a gradient fill ...............................................................................595Creating custom gradients ...........................................................................596

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Applying Painting Techniques ..............................................................................598Painting from a blank canvas ......................................................................598Tracing edges from an existing image ...........................................................602Using wet paint on an existing image ...........................................................602

Summary ...........................................................................................................604

Chapter 17: Working with Paths and Vector Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605

Understanding Paths ...........................................................................................605Building path components ..........................................................................606Defining types of paths ...............................................................................607

Exploring the Vector Path ....................................................................................609Using the Pen tools ....................................................................................609

Pen tools ..........................................................................................609Pen tool options ................................................................................612

Using the Path Selection tools .....................................................................618Path Selection tools ...........................................................................619Path Selection tool options .................................................................620

Understanding the Paths panel ....................................................................620Free transforming paths ..............................................................................623

Exploring Paths ..................................................................................................627Creating a path ..........................................................................................627Creating vector shapes from paths ...............................................................629Creating a clipping mask .............................................................................631Creating vector masks .................................................................................633

Using Vector Shape Tools .....................................................................................635Working with vector shape tools ..................................................................635

Rectangle tool ...................................................................................636Rounded Rectangle tool .....................................................................637Ellipse tool .......................................................................................637Polygon tool .....................................................................................637Custom Shape tool .............................................................................639

Adding vector shape layers .........................................................................639Adding custom vector shapes ......................................................................642Editing a vector shape ................................................................................644

Summary ...........................................................................................................645

Chapter 18: Working with Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647

Learning a Little Bit about Text............................................................................647Using the Text Tools to Add Text to Images ...........................................................648

Setting type preferences .............................................................................648Using the text tools to add text ...................................................................650

Adding text as a point type ................................................................652Adding text as a paragraph type .........................................................653

Editing vector text layers ............................................................................654Edit Type ..........................................................................................654Check Spelling ...................................................................................655

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Find and Replace Text ........................................................................656Rasterize Type ...................................................................................656Create Work Path ...............................................................................656Convert to Shape ...............................................................................656Horizontal/Vertical options ................................................................657Anti-Alias adjustment ........................................................................657Faux formatting ................................................................................657Convert to Point Text/Paragraph Text ..................................................657Warp Text .........................................................................................657Layer Style .......................................................................................659

Using the Character panel ...........................................................................660Applying Paragraph panel settings ...............................................................666Using the Character and Paragraph Styles panels ...........................................669

Creating and managing character styles ...............................................669Creating and managing paragraph styles ..............................................671

Applying Text to Images ......................................................................................672Adding text on a path ................................................................................672

Applying text to a path ......................................................................672Editing text on a path ........................................................................673

Constraining text using a vector shape .........................................................675Adding text in a Smart Object .....................................................................677Applying text as a mask ..............................................................................680

Summary ...........................................................................................................682

Part VI: Creating Artistic Effects 683

Chapter 19: Distorting Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685

Using Transformations .........................................................................................685Understanding the importance of the reference point ....................................686Scaling images ...........................................................................................687Rotating images .........................................................................................688Skewing images .........................................................................................689Distorting images .......................................................................................689Changing the perspective of images .............................................................690Using the Warp transformation ....................................................................690Using free transform ...................................................................................692Using the Content-Aware Scale feature .........................................................693Using the Puppet Warp tool .........................................................................696

Having Fun with the Liquify Filter ........................................................................700Identifying the Liquify tools .......................................................................700Looking at Tool Options ..............................................................................703Saving a mesh ...........................................................................................703Restoring your image with Reconstruct and Restore All ..................................704Modifying the Mask Options selections .........................................................704Using the View Options ...............................................................................705

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Changing Perspective with Vanishing Point............................................................705Correcting Wide-Angle Lens Distortions .................................................................710Summary ...........................................................................................................713

Chapter 20: Applying Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715

Looking at Artistic Effects Filters..........................................................................715Exploring Artistic filters ..............................................................................716Discovering Brush Stroke filters ...................................................................717Examining Distort filters .............................................................................718Checking out the Pixelate filters ..................................................................720Considering the Render filters .....................................................................722Looking into the Sketch filters ....................................................................722Using the Stylize filters ..............................................................................724Delving into Texture filters .........................................................................726Defining the Other menu ............................................................................727

Exploring the Filter Gallery ..................................................................................728Looking at the preview pane .......................................................................729Checking out the filter thumbnail pane ........................................................729Looking at the options pane ........................................................................729

Using Smart Objects to Make Filter Adjustments .....................................................730Creating a Custom Filter ......................................................................................733Summary ...........................................................................................................736

Chapter 21: Combining Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737

Creating Seamless Composites ..............................................................................737Combining files ..........................................................................................737Adjusting and transforming new layers .........................................................739Blending composite files .............................................................................740

Refining edges ..................................................................................740Creating a drop shadow ......................................................................740Changing fill or opacity settings ..........................................................741Changing the Blending mode ..............................................................742Creating a Fill or Adjustment layer ......................................................743Using masks to tuck in a composite file ...............................................743

Using Multiple Images to Create a Photo Collage ....................................................747Using Photomerge to Create a Panorama ................................................................752Summary ...........................................................................................................756

Part VII: Working with 3D Images 757

Chapter 22: Creating and Manipulating 3D Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759

Understanding 3D File Formats .............................................................................760Looking at the 3D Workspace ...............................................................................761

Looking at the 3D panel ..............................................................................762Learning about the Properties panel when 3D objects are selected ...................762Looking at 3D objects in the Layers panel .....................................................763

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Finding the 3D tools ...................................................................................764Using the Picture in Picture window .............................................................765

Opening and Placing 3D Files in Photoshop ............................................................766Creating 3D Files in Photoshop .............................................................................766

Selecting a source for a 3D object ................................................................766Creating a 3D postcard ................................................................................767Creating a 3D Extrusion ..............................................................................768

Defining an extrusion using the Mesh properties ...................................769Transforming a 3D extrusion using the Deform properties ......................771Changing the surfaces of a 3D extrusion using the Cap properties ...........771

Making a 3D shape from a preset .................................................................772Creating a 3D mesh from a depth map ..........................................................773Creating a 3D volume ..................................................................................775

Manipulating 3D Objects ......................................................................................775Using the 3D tools ......................................................................................776

Turning 3D objects around a central point ............................................776Moving a 3D object through 3D space...................................................778

Using the 3D Axis Widget ............................................................................781Typing in coordinates for your 3D object ......................................................782

Summary ...........................................................................................................783

Chapter 23: Editing 3D Scenes and Settings  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785

Looking at the 3D Panel ......................................................................................785Working with a Whole 3D Scene ...........................................................................786

Changing the properties of a 3D environment ................................................786Changing the Global Ambient light ......................................................787Using Image Based Lighting ................................................................787Adjusting the Ground Plane properties .................................................788Changing the Background settings ......................................................788

Setting the properties of a 3D scene .............................................................788Creating cross-sections .......................................................................789Changing the render properties ...........................................................791

Changing the Current View ..........................................................................793Setting the view ................................................................................794Changing the perspective ...................................................................794Adjusting the depth of field ...............................................................794Creating a stereo image ......................................................................795

Working with Mesh Layers ...................................................................................795Editing the Textures and Materials of a 3D Object ...................................................797

Editing textures .........................................................................................798Editing materials ........................................................................................801

Creating and Modifying 3D Lights .........................................................................805Adding new lights ......................................................................................806Positioning lights .......................................................................................807Changing the properties of a 3D light ...........................................................807

Summary ...........................................................................................................808

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Chapter 24: Using Photoshop Tools with 3D Layers  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809

Using 3D Paint Mode ...........................................................................................809Hiding areas on a 3D object .........................................................................810Painting on a 3D object...............................................................................811

Painting color on a 3D object ..............................................................812Painting textures on a 3D object .........................................................815

Adjustments, Layer Styles, and Filters...................................................................818Applying an adjustment to a 3D layer ...........................................................818Adding a layer style to a 3D layer ................................................................819Applying a filter to a 3D layer .....................................................................820Using 3D layers as Smart Objects ..................................................................821

Creating Composites ............................................................................................822Flying a carpet over a lake ..........................................................................822

Creating a 3D rug ...............................................................................822Placing the flying carpet into an image ................................................825Adding details to complete the flying carpet composite .........................828

Giving the moon away ................................................................................830Creating a gift box .............................................................................830Creating the moon .............................................................................834Making a present of the moon.............................................................835

Summary ...........................................................................................................838

Part VIII: Working with Video and Animation 839

Chapter 25: Understanding Video Editing Basics  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841

Working with Video Files .....................................................................................842Setting aspect ratios ...................................................................................842

Correcting the pixel aspect ratio ..........................................................842Changing video aspect ratios ...............................................................843Correcting the aspect ratio of an image ................................................846

Using video filters ......................................................................................849De-Interlace ......................................................................................849NTSC Colors .......................................................................................850

Understanding the Features of the Timeline Panel ..................................................850Adjusting time in the Timeline panel ...........................................................850Using the work area of the Timeline panel ....................................................852Using the icons on the Timeline panel ..........................................................853Exploring the options in the Timeline panel menu .........................................854Accessing the Video Layers menu .................................................................856Setting clip favorites ..................................................................................858Creating video groups .................................................................................859

Opening and Placing Video Files ...........................................................................860Opening a video file ...................................................................................860Adding additional video files .......................................................................861Importing image sequences .........................................................................863

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Importing an image sequence into one layer .........................................863Importing an image sequence into multiple layers .................................864

Trimming Video Clips ..........................................................................................867Dragging the clip duration bar .....................................................................867Trimming clips using the Timeline menu option.............................................867

Moving Video Clips ..............................................................................................868Changing the clip hierarchy ........................................................................868Dragging clips inside the clip duration bar ....................................................869Moving the clip start and clip end points ......................................................870

Splitting Clips ....................................................................................................870Lifting and Extracting Unwanted Sections of Video .................................................872

Lifting a section of a video clip ....................................................................872Extracting a section of a video clip ..............................................................873

Adding Still Shots or Other Elements to a Video Project ..........................................874Adding a blank layer ..................................................................................874Adding a text layer ....................................................................................875Placing an image file ..................................................................................875Adding or placing a 3D model ......................................................................876

Summary ...........................................................................................................877

Chapter 26: Animating in the Timeline Panel  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879

Creating and Editing Keyframes ............................................................................880Creating keyframes .....................................................................................880Editing keyframes ......................................................................................885Setting interpolation ..................................................................................886

Linear interpolation ...........................................................................886Hold interpolation .............................................................................887

Creating comments .....................................................................................887Animating the Position of a Layer ........................................................................888

Getting keyframe placement right ................................................................889Animating positions in multiple layers .........................................................891

Using Smart Objects to Animate Transformations....................................................892Animating the Opacity Setting .............................................................................895Using Keyframes to Animate Layer Styles ..............................................................897Animating the Global Lighting .............................................................................900Using Keyframes to Animate Text .........................................................................901Animating Masks ................................................................................................903Building 3D Animations .......................................................................................903Learning the Basics of Rotoscoping .......................................................................907

Creating a new video layer ..........................................................................907Creating modified frames ............................................................................907Using onion skins.......................................................................................910Restoring frames ........................................................................................912

Animating DICOM Files ........................................................................................912Summary ...........................................................................................................914

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Chapter 27: Correcting Video Files and Adding Artistic Effects  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915

Enhancing Layers with Color Corrections ...............................................................915Unclipping an adjustment layer ...................................................................917Changing the duration of an adjustment layer ...............................................918

Applying Smart Filters to Video Files.....................................................................919Cloning and Healing Over an Entire Video Layer .....................................................921Modifying Video Clips Frame by Frame...................................................................923

Adding an adjustment to a single frame .......................................................924Adding a filter to a single frame ..................................................................925Cloning and healing video files ....................................................................925Locking the source frame ............................................................................928

Summary ...........................................................................................................929

Chapter 28: Animating Using Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931

Using the Timeline Panel’s Frame Animation Interface ............................................931Using the panel features .............................................................................932

Setting the frame delay time ..............................................................932Changing the disposal method ............................................................932Choosing your looping options ............................................................933Tweening using frames .......................................................................933Duplicating selected frames ................................................................935Converting to the video Timeline .........................................................935Activating the frame animation version of the Timeline panel menu .......935

Looking at the frame animation Timeline panel menu ....................................935Using the animation features in the Layers panel ..........................................938

Creating Tweened Frame Animations .....................................................................939Opening an image to animate ......................................................................939Creating keyframes .....................................................................................940Tweening keyframes ...................................................................................942

Creating a Frame-by-Frame Animation...................................................................943Creating an animation from a layered image ..................................................943Building an animation in the animation version of the Timeline panel .............947

Rendering Video .................................................................................................949Summary ...........................................................................................................951

Part IX: Using Advanced Output Techniques 953

Chapter 29: Printing and Color Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955

Understanding the Importance of Color Accuracy and Consistency ...........................955Understanding ICC color profiles ..................................................................956Embedding color profiles in image files .........................................................956Using device-independent color profiles .......................................................958

Calibrating Color for Monitors and Printers ............................................................958

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Using Color Management in Photoshop ..................................................................959Configuring color settings in Photoshop .......................................................959

Setting color options .........................................................................960Configuring color profiles ...................................................................961Controlling the color profile in open images .........................................962Controlling conversion between color profiles .......................................963Configuring the Advanced Controls options ..........................................965

Assigning color profiles to images ................................................................965Converting images to other color profiles ......................................................967Proofing images using color management .....................................................968

Printing Images from Photoshop...........................................................................969Configuring general printing options ............................................................970Using color management to print accurate colors ...........................................971Adding crop marks and additional output to printed images ...........................973

Summary ...........................................................................................................975

Chapter 30: Creating Images for the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 977

Preparing Images for the Web ..............................................................................977Understanding web image formats ...............................................................977Selecting the right color profile ...................................................................978Slicing images for web use ..........................................................................979

Understanding slices ..........................................................................979Creating slices ...................................................................................980Configuring slices ..............................................................................982

Adding transparency to images ....................................................................983Animating images ......................................................................................985

Outputting Images to the Web .............................................................................986Using the preview layout and toolbar ...........................................................987Setting File output options .........................................................................989Manipulating the Color Table .......................................................................995Setting the image size ................................................................................996Previewing animation controls .....................................................................997Previewing output in a browser ...................................................................998

Adding Zoomable Images to Websites ....................................................................999Summary ......................................................................................................... 1000

Chapter 31: Automating and Scripting Workflow in Photoshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1003

Automating Workflow in Photoshop .................................................................... 1003Batching multiple images .......................................................................... 1004Creating droplets to process images ............................................................ 1008

Using Scripting to Speed Up Workflow ................................................................ 1009Using the Photoshop scripts ...................................................................... 1010Using stack modes to analyze multiple images and reduce noise .................... 1013Scripting workflow events ......................................................................... 1016

Summary ......................................................................................................... 1018

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Part X: Appendixes 1019

Appendix A: Timesaving Keyboard Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1021

Appendix B: Extending the Capabilities of Photoshop with Plug-Ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027

Appendix C: Finding Resources  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1035

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