participatory design
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Participatory design
Denis Gillet & Adrian Holzer & Dave KirkThe copyright of images belong to their authors. I will remove them on demand. Contact me at [email protected]
actively involve users as members of the design team from the start of the design process
Participatory design
Contrasts with experimental approaches where users are treated as passive subjects
Why include users in the design team ?
Because they are the experts in the
‘work’ activities the system is
being designed to support
They can teach
us a great deal about what the system should do
mutual learning process
What are the participatory design principles ?
=Users, designers & developers are equal partners
Continuous communication among stakeholders accelerates design
Stakeholders gain a shared understanding of design goals, opportunities, and constraints
Users and other stakeholders contribute their unique expertise
User actively participates in the design of the system
Prospotentially more accurate information about the tasks
more opportunity for users to influence the design decisions
buy-in from sense of participation
potential greater acceptance of final system
Consmore costly
lengthier development period
antagonism from those whose suggestion are not incorporated
force designers to compromise
exacerbate conflicts between designers and users
highlight organizational politics
Supporting Methods
Collaborative prototyping Scenarios Use cases
Collaborative prototyping
Two key requirements
Understanding the current organization of work (ethnography helps out)
Envisioning the future (users help out)
Develop quick and dirty prototypes ‘Low tech’ or ‘low fidelity’ prototypes
Iterative cooperative development of prototypes
Minimum Viable Products
Supporting Methods
Collaborative prototyping Scenarios Use cases
Scenariosdescriptions of
the various episodes that
constitute ‘use’ from the users’
point of view
May be ‘current’ (and draw on ethnography) or ‘future’ (and be developed with users)
Scenarios specify...
User goals
The role of artifacts, tools & other
resources
Usage context Activities involved
Supporting Methods
Collaborative prototyping Scenarios Use cases
Use cases
Descriptions of the system’s responses to specific use scenarios and sequences of interaction
Participatory design & social media
Stakeholders
Online communities Users, Groups and Facilitators Share common interests and services
Online services Designers, Developers and Providers
Provide services and added values Targeted business models and
customers
Social Media Platforms Designers, Developers and Providers Aggregate users and services Market ads and social data
Example of designing collaborative services for an
online community
Build a team
or members of the online community
representative of the users
Facilitator
Collaborative service developer
knowing what can be done
knowing what has a value for the provider
Collaborative service manager
Designer
knowing if the interaction will
be efficient
helping in eliciting the objectives and knowing if the collaboration will be effective
Psycho-sociologist
A mediator should be nominated
Designer DeveloperPsycho-sociologist FacilitatorManager
Participatory design team
(independent or integrated)
Design in use
Design for use
Participatory design stages
1
2
initial design of services & their scenarios of uses.
Design for use
It generates prototypes of new artifacts as well as scenarios of uses to be trialled during a “design in use” phase
1
(independent or integrated)
Design in use2
Design for use1
Participatory design stages
Trialling the prototypes in use cases
Validate and refine scenarios & services
Design in use2
Participatory design approach
Iterative negotiation process between heterogeneous actors
Participatory design principles
Negotiation & consensual decision making
Negotiation and consensual
decision making
Sharing cultural
backgrounds,
ideas and needs
Ongoing reflection on process with the designers
Mutual necessity to work together
Construction of a shared language and vocabulary
In social media
One scenario / feature is designed at a time
Fast update pace (new feature)
Design iterations are done online
First on test servers then on exploitation servers
First test users and then real users
Implicit (use or not use) / explicit implication of users
Implicit / explicit direct (customer relationship) or indirect (social media) conversation between users and providers
Teachers
Pedagogy
HCI
Computer Science
Community
Inquiry Learning
Investigation
Conceptualisation
Conclusion
Discussion
Orientation
Mockup task force
Evaluations
Prototype design
Pedagogical content creation
Evaluations
… an so on
