For office use only

Participatory Rural Appraisal Report of

Bitale Village, Tal. Mohol, Dist. Solapur

Summarized by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohol

Solapur - 413213, M.S.

2012-13

KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA, MOHOL

CONTENTS

Sr. No. Content Page No.

1 Introduction 1

2 Bench mark survey 2

Climate and Land Holding Pattern 2

Soil Type and Soil and water conservation structures 3

Irrigation/ water Source 3

Natural Vegetation 3

Cropping Pattern 3

3 PRA 4

Village map 4

Social map 5-6

Soil Map and Village Transect 7

Time line 8

Trend analysis 9

Matrix ranking 10

Venn diagram 11

List Of Participated Farmers in PRA 12-13

4 SWOT and POIN Analysis 13-14

5 Seasonability 15-16

6 Major Cropping Pattern 16

7 Area Specific Problem 17-18

6 Problem Cause Diagram 19-22

7 Farmers – Scientist interaction for action plan development

23

8 PRA photo 24

1

Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohol

Tal. Mohol, Dist. Solapur Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) - 2012

Village Bitale 1. Introduction:

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohol established in year, 2011 for the 6 Tehsils in Solapur

district i.e. Mohol, Pandharpur, Malshiras, Madha, Sangola, Karmala for implementing

various agricultural activities as per the needs of farmers of different localities. These

tahsils are having different cropping patterns and which includes crops like jowar, wheat,

sugarcane, vegetables(brinjal, tomato, okra, chilli, leafy vegetables, watermelon,

cucumber, cluster bean etc.) and fruits (pomegranate, grapes, papaya, banana, Ber, lime,

mango etc.). KVK function in various crop production technical trainings, crop

demonstrations and on farm trials and organizes training to the rural youth for self-

employment and working as extension functions for a new agricultural production

technologies.

KVK Activities are being focused to increase the crop production levels of a local

farmer. KVK also providing various inputs and services to farmers such as

Soil/Water/Plant/Fertilizers Testing/Bio-Fertilizers and Bio-Pesticides, Vermicompost,

Vermiwash at reasonable rate.

Village Bitale comes in Tal. Mohol situated near Pune to Solapur national highway-9. It is 12 Km away from KVK, Mohol. Village Bitale comes under scarcity zone with central or transitional zone having average annual rainfall 537 mm. Major crops includes jowar, maize, pigeon pea, gram, sugarcane, tomato, chilli, brinjal, pomegranate, banana, leafy vegetables like fenugreek, coriander, spinach, etc. Facilitators: 1 Dr. D. R. Nandre. 2 Dr.N.S. Deshmukh 3 Dr. P. G. Chavan 4 A. G. Dighe 5 K. A. Jadhav 6 D. N. Kshirsagar 7 T. P. Ahire 8 S. B. Kakade

2

2. Bench mark survey of bitale 2.1 Climate:

The climate of the area is semi-arid tropical. Generally, South-West monsoon starts

from June and peak rainfall occurs in July and August. Usually there are short and long

dry spells occurs between the outset and station of rain.

Annual Rainfall Approximate 537 mm

Period June to Oct

Temperature Maximum 40.40c

Minimum 120c

Distribution:

Month Temperature

(OC) Humidity

(%) Rainfall (mm)

Maxi Min Morning Evening

Jan 31.1 9.9 58 34 0

Feb 33.2 14.2 64 60 0.2

Mar 37.3 17.8 55 47 0.2

Apr 38.7 21.7 62 36 25.6

May 38.5 23.6 69 36 57.0

Jun 35.5 15.2 74 48 21.8

July 31.6 22.7 79 55 126.4

Aug 31.5 21.9 83 56 257.2

Sept 32.1 21.2 79 52 49.0

Oct 32.2 20.5 NA NA 35.4

Nov 31.9 20.7 NA NA 4.2

Dec 30.9 14.8 76 NA 0

Reference: Agril. Research Station, Mohol , year:2011

2.2 Land Holding Pattern:

Sr. No. Holding (ha) No. of cultivators

1 Small (< 1 ha) 212

2 Marginal (1 to 2 ha) 635

3 Large (> 2 ha) 14

3

2.3 Soil Types:

Soil of Bitale village varies from light to medium and medium to deep. Structure of

soil is sandy 10mm to clay type.

Shallow : 7.5-22.5cm (47%)

Medium : 22.5 – 45cm (35%)

Medium deep : 22.5 -45cm (18%)

Soil structure : Granular

2.4 Soil and Water conservation structures:

1. Vegetative bund

2. Compartment bunding

2.5 Irrigation/water source/facilities:

River 01 (Seena River)

Well : 415

Bore well : 212

Farm Pond

Nala Bunding

Cement Plug

:

:

:

10

01

01

2.6 Natural vegetation:

Forest Species : Anjan, Babool, Tamarind etc.

Trees : Acacia spp., Azardiracta, Mango, Ber, Chilar, Subabhul

Shrubs : Euphorbia spp., Cassia etc.

Weeds /floara : Harali, Kena, Parthenium, Cockscomb, Lawala, Ghol,

Reshimkata etc.

2.7 Cropping pattern:

Season Cereals Pulses Oilseeds Fruits Vegetables Fodder crop

Kharif Maize,

Jowar.

Pigeon Pea,

Redgram

Sunflower Pomegranate

Banana,

Lime

Tomato,

Brinjal, Chilli,

Ridge Gourd

Maize,

Rabi Jowar,

Wheat

Gram. - Sorghum,

Maize

Summer Maize - Groundnut Maize,

4

3. PRA at Bitale, Tal Mohol, Dist. Solapur

The different tools used for PRA Village Map Social Map Soil map Transect walk Time line Trend analysis Venn diagram Matrix ranking 3.1 Village map

The cadastral map of the village Bitale Tal. Mohol was collected from Talathi

Office, Bitale.

3.2 Social map

The village Bitale is located near national highway -9. In the center of the village,

the houses of villagers are located. There are common well for drinking water in the

village. The temple of goddess ‘Yamai Mata’ of Hemand Panthi type is located at the

center of the village.

5

1. Population : 2034

2.Educational facilities

Nursery/ Anganwadi : 01

Primary School : 01

Secondary School : 01

Higher Secondary : Angar (4Km away from Bitale)

Senior College : Angar (4Km away from Bitale)

3.Drinking water availability : Well, Hand pump etc.

4.Temple : Yamai Mata

5.Material availability in the village

a. Grocery : In Village- 10

b. Seeds/ Fertilizers

Krishi Seva Kendra : 01

c. Insecticides and fungicides

Krishi Seva Kendra : 01

6.Farm implements

1.Tractor : 13 2.Seed Drill : 04

3.Rotavator : 04 4.Sprayer (Manual) : 154

5.Sprayer (Engine) : 12

7.Medical facilities

Name of institute /organization In Village Nearby Village Dist. from Village

a.Primary Health Center: -- : Angar. 4 km

b. b.Veterinary Health Center: -- : Angar. 4 Km

8.Marketing facility

a. In Village/ Nearby Village -- : Angar 4 km

b. Tehsil/District -- : APMC, Mohol 11 km

9.Availability of technology/ knowledge source

a. Information regarding agricultural

practices

: Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohol

News Paper, Agrowan

10.Industries

Sugarcane : Co. Op. Sugar Factory, Angar

6

3.3 Soil Map of village bitale:

The Soil map indicating type of soils available on cultivable land in village.

Soil Map of Village Bitale

3.4 Transect of village bitale:

The transect walk was carried out inside the village with the villagers and located

the various items by observatory method that are found in the village like soil, crops,

animals, problems, etc.

Topography Leveled Slope 1 to 2 % Slope 2 to 4 % Slightly sloppy 2 to 3 %

Soil type Light to Medium

Medium Heavy Soil shallow Soil

Irrigation source

Well, River, Borewell

Well, River, Borewell

Well, River, Borewell

Well, Borewell

Crops and Cropping system

Maize, Gram Jowar, Tur Kidney bean.

Sugarcane Maize, Jowar Groundnut Tomato, Chilli

Sugarcane Gram, Maize Jowar, Wheat Groundnut

Jowar, Maize Gram

Trees

Neem, Babul, Acacia sp., Hiwar

Neem, Babul, Acacia sp., ,

Neem, Babul, Acacia sp.,

Neem, Babul, Hiwar

Fruit trees Ber, Mango, Jamarind

Ber, Mango, Lime

Mango, Banana, Ber.

Mango, Ber, Pomegranate

7

Weeds

Harali, Parthenium, Ghol

Harali, Parthenium, Lawala, Ghol

Harali, Parthenium , Lawala,

Cockcomb, Ekdandi

Structures Pacca Road kaccah road Farm houses, Animal shulters

Cement Concrete House

Pest and diseases

Aphid & Jasid, Leaf Roller Thrips, Pod borer

Rust Tikka, Wilt, Thrips, Aphid, Jussids, Wooly Aphid, Shoot fly.

Pod borer, rust, Tikka, Bundy top, aphid, Jassids, Shoot fly.

Wilt, shoot fly,

Vegetables Tomato Brinjal Chilli Bittergourd Animals Cow Khillar, Jerssey, HF Buffalo Pandharpuri Goat Osmanabadi Poultry Local

8

3.5 Time line:-

The major events remembered by the villagers was drawn with the help of key

informants.

Year Major events 1957 Establishment of Grampanchyat. 1964 Z. P. Primary School 1964 Malik Peth Railway Station. 1964 Famine 1965 Bicycle 1969 Nala Bund 1972 Earth Quake 1972 Drought 1972 Hand Pump 1972 Farm Pond 1972 Electricity 1975 Use of Improved seed 1975 Thresher 1976 Radio 1980 Chemical Fertilizer 1980 Tractor 1988 Motorcycle 1990 Telephone 1990 Crossbreed Cow 1991 Pest Occurrence on Sunflower 1992 Television 1996 Drip irrigation 1996 Percolation Tank 1997 Drinking Water Well and Pipeline 2002 Cement Plug 2002 Bio-Gas 2002 SHG 2004 Mobiles 2006 Agril. Service Center

2009-10 Solar Energy

9

3.6 Trend analysis: The trend analysis in respect of rainfall, water table, cropping pattern , area of various crops grown during the year, livestock etc. was done with the help of the farmer participants involved in PRA.

Particulars 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Rainfall **** **** ***** *** *** **** ****

Kharif cropping area 000 000 000 000 0000 0000 000

Rabi cropping area ### ### ### ### #### #### ####

Horticultural Crops - - + + ++ +++ +++

Banana - - - - - ^^ ^^

Pomegranate - - v vv vv vv vvv

Chilli - - - O OO OO OO

Brinjal - - > > > >> >>

Area under various crops

Sugarcane - - - $ $$ $$$ $$$$

Rabi Sorghum @@@@ @@@@ @@@ @@ @@@ @@@ @@

Maize - - X XX XXX XXX XXXX

Attack of Insect Pest - - ! ! !! !!! !!!

Livestock

Cow

Desi - A A AA AAA AA AA

Crossbreed - - - < < << <<

Buffalo

Local - B B BB BB B B

3.7 Matrix ranking:

The Matrix ranking was completed with the help of the participatory farmers in

respect of various crops, varieties, sheep and goat and the information is given below.

1. Matrix ranking of crops:

Sr. No.

Particulars/ Crop

Jowar Maize Tur Gram Sugarcane Wheat

1 Food 5 2 3 2 - 3 2 Fodder 5 5 2 2 3 2 3 Expenditure

on fertilizers 3 4 2 2 5 3

4 Income 3 4 3 2 5 2 Water

requirement 4 4 2 2 5 3

5 Market price 4 3 5 5 3 3

6 Pest and disease

2 2 3 3 3 2

7 Cost Of cultivation

2 2 2 2 4 3

Rank III II IV VI I V It is observed that sugarcane is major crop followed by Maize.

2. Matrix ranking of rabi sorghum:

Sr. No. Particulars / Varieties Maldandi Local Dagdi

Phule Vasudha

1 Grain yield 5 3 4 2 Fodder yield 4 3 3 3 Grain quality 5 3 5 4 Fodder quality 5 3 4 5 Drought resistance 4 3 3 6 Pests, disease 3 2 4 7 Market price 3 2 4 Rank I III II

3. Matrix ranking of maize:

Sr.No. Particulars / Varieties Pinnacle 900 M M-6240 1 Grain yield 5 4 4 2 Fodder yield 4 3 4 3 Drought resistant 3 2 2 4 Pest diseases 2 2 2 5 Market price 4 3 4 6 Fodder quality 5 2 3 Rank I III II

4. Matrix ranking of sugarcane varieties.

Sr.No. Particulars / Varieties 86032 671 1 Availability of planting material 4 3 2 Higher yield 4 3 3 Cost of Cultivation 5 4 4 Crop duration 4 5 5 Pest and disease resistance 3 4 6 Expenditure on fertilizers 4 3 Rank I II

3.8 Venn diagram:

The institutional relationship diagram indicating, how close the contact and

cooperation between those organizations and groups is prepared with the help of farmers.

This indicates the importance of the various individuals and the institutions in and outside

the village with regard to a phenomenon related to agriculture. The importance of various

organizations/ individuals for a phenomenon is indicated in terms of size of the circles and

distance from the centre.

VENN DIAGRAM OF VILLAGE, Bitale , Tal. Mohol , Dist. Solapur

Village Bitale Tal. Mohol

Talathi

Office

VeternaryClinic,

,

Ware House

Krishi SevaKendra

PHC

GramPanchayt

,

KVK, ARS

Mohol

APMC Mohol

13km

11km

4km

13km

4km

3km

Sugar Factory

3.9 Farmers participated in PRA:

Husen Gafur Tamboli Musa Sikander Raghunath Baliram Chavan Damodar Pandurang Shinde Ramchandra Kalyanrao Patil Sadiban Anna Jagtap Sudhakar Bhanudas Thite Hanu Maruti Khatal Madhukar Hanumant Shinde Kumar Ram Thengal Jyotiba ChandraBhan Patil Suhas Ranchandra Patil Pandurang Haridas Giram Jagannath Narus Devkate Digambar Vishwanath Solankar Waman Krishna Sonavale Shanker Appa Gaikwad Sajjan Navnath Patil Satyawan Vishwanath Khatal Rukhmini Mahadeo Salgar Abdul Rahim Jahagir Mulla Mangesh Ramchandra Salgar Swelba Sudam Nadkar Balkrushn Damodar Adlinge Dnyaneshwar Vilas Patil Mallari Tanaji Sonawale Somnath Hari Jadhav Sudhakar Dagdu Shinde Machindranath Ganpat Adlinge Samadhan Hanumant Khandekar Manoj Purushottam Kulkarni Samadhan Namdeo Khatal Popat Chandrakant Yelge Purushottam Dinkar Kulkarni Vittah Prabhu Khandekar Nishikant Madhukar Khatal Rajan Vitthal Adlinge Amarsinh Ajmuddin Shekh Appa Kisan Gurav Moulana Jahangir Mulla Nitin Sandipan Jagtap Kisan Kerba Gurav Dattu Namdeo Adlinge Shanba Babu Tamboli Dattu Maruti Khatal Abhiman Raosaheb Kale

Sharad Bankat salgar Shrikant Shamrao Kulkarni Jyotiba Dadarao Wajre Shanker Aanant Lomble Dagdu Ramchandra Kadam Rakhmaji Mahadeo Salgar Rajendra Ramchandra Gurav Balaji Bhagwan Shinde Tukaram Namdeo Raut Gajanan Maruti Raut Popat Namdeo Washikar Malhari Adlinge Rajendra Raut Shaligram Vishwanath Devkate Ramesh Shankar Gaikwad Raghunath Nagnath Khatal Digmber Vishwanath Solankar Rangrao Bhagwan Bandgar Dagmbar Bakaji Adlinge Sunil Audumber Salgar Suryakant Krishnaji Khatal Baliram Babu Shinde Navnath Vittal Adlinge Pandurang Gopinath Zadkar Kashinath Ramchandra Adlinge Dadarao Shanker Khatal Shrikant Pandurang Adlinge Dipak shivaji Kahatl Dnyaneshwar Kaolas Patil Govardhan Haridas Khatal

4 .1 SWOT analysis of village: S- Strength, W- Weaknesses, O- Opportunity, T- Threats Strength:

1. Easily approachable 2. Availability of maximum irrigation potential. 3. Maximum no. of livestock population for milk production. 4. Maximum no. of self-help groups. 5. Village having Krishi Vigyan Mandal. 6. Hot and dry climate condition favourable for horticultural crops. 7. Soil- medium to heavy soil. 8. Village nearest to National Hiway-9. 9. Availability of local market facility. 10. Credit facility for short term and long term loan through DCC and co-

operative credit society, nationalize and schedule bank. Weaknesses:

1. Monoculture cropping pattern of village. 2. Load shading. 3. Imbalanced fertilizer use. 4. Rearing of indigenous breed. 5. Use of local varieties. 6. Lack of storage facilities for agricultural commodities. 7. Lack of scientific knowledge about care and management of livestock. 8. Average literacy in village. 9. Lack of knowledge about regarding maintaining the soil tilth. 10. Less risk bearing ability.

Opportunities:

1. Introducing diversified farming approach. 2. Create awareness about balanced use of fertilizer. 3. Introduction of crossbred animals and upgradation of non-descript animals. 4. Use of high yielding varieties. 5. Scope to develop entrepreneur and agro base industries.

Threats:

1. Ample amount of water is used for irrigation to sugarcane crop so area under horticultural crop is not increasing.

2. Imbalance use of fertilizer led to detoriate the soil fertility. 3. Unavailability of post-harvest technologies viz. storage facility, cold storage. 4. Discontinuity in electricity. 5. Unassurance of rainfall.

4.2 POIN analysis

Sr.No. Problem Opportunity Issues Needs 1 Lack of Knowledge about

scientific technology for dry land agriculture.

Upliftment of dryland technology

Use of local varieties, traditional farming system, no proper tillage operation

Gatcharcha Shivarpheri F.F.S News Popular articles Radiotalk etc.

2 Unorganized farming community

Formation of cluster approach system and Krishi Vigyan Mandal

Difficulty in adopting scientific technology

Promotion of cluster farming and selecting 10 Krishi Mitra from each village.

3 Poor linkage of farmers with different organization

Scope for increasing the linkages with different organization.

Difficulties in searching resources about farming etc.

Organizing various extension programme and activities create awareness about new linkages.

4 Communication gap among the farmers in adopting new technology

Scope for adopting Gat Charcha and Ghongadi Baithak for adopting new technology

Limited approach of specific farmers for adopting new technology.

Organizing Kisan Mela, promoting success stories of farmers.

5 Lack of knowledge about marketing channels

Create market rate facility in village

Unawareness about market rate, not bearing the risk ability, unavailability of storage facility.

Inform market rate through mobile SMS and organize training on market management.

6 In Agriculture sector low participation of women in decision making

Increasing participation of women in decision making in agriculture sector and Making them self sufficient

Male dominant society, Less freedom, Less education

Increase the participation of women in decision making process

7 Lack of diversified cropping approach

Introducing multi cropping system

Monoculture cropping pattern

Changing traditional cropping pattern by crop rotation

8 Unemployment in rural youth

Entrepreneurship development

Tendency of youth towards Govt. job

Organizing training about Agriculture Business Management, Developing linkages with Bankers.

9 Low milk yield due to rearing of indigenous breed and technology

Introduction of crossbred through upgradation of non-descript animals

Unawareness about care and management of livestock

Organizing training programme on scientific care and management of livestock

10 Lack of knowledge about processing and value addition of agricultural commodities.

Promoting establishment of small scale industries

Post-Harvest losses in agricultural commodities, lack of storage facility low family income.

Imparting technical knowledge about agricultural processing.

5.1 Seasonability of weather:

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Rainfall - - - - * *** **** ***** ***** ** ** -

Temperature * *** **** **** **** ** ** ** ** ** ** *

Humidity ** ** * * * *** **** **** **** ** ** ***

5.2 Seasonability of crop: Crop Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Sugarcane

Maize

Sorghum

Tur

Mug

Banana

Chilli

Brinjal

Leafy

Vegetables

5.3 Seasonability of animal diseases:

Particular Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

H.S

B. Q.

FMD

Diarshea

5.4 Seasonability of pest and disease:

Crop Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Sugarcane

Tur

Jowar

6. Major cropping pattern: 1. Rabi Jowar based production system 2. Sugarcane based production system 3. Dairy based production system 4. Maize based production system 5. Pomegranate based production system 6. Banana based production system

Wooly Aphid

Top Shoot Borer

Red rot

Sucking Pest

Leaf Roller

Pod Borer Wilt

Shoot Fly

Chikta

7. Area specific problems: 1. Improved varieties and hybrids of different agronomical crops viz. rabi sorghum

and wheat. 2. IWM in agronomical crops. 3. Importance of soil sampling, testing and interpretation of results. 4. Balanced use of fertilizers (INM) and their method and time application. 5. Irrigation scheduling as per critical growth stage of crop viz. wheat 6. Improved cultivation of dry land crops. 7. Importance of sowing time and methods of agronomical crops 8. Awareness about agronomical practices viz. nipping in gram and drum rolling in

groundnut. 9. Seed production of red gram, bengal gram, and wheat. 10. Importance of seed treatment and bio-fertilizers in all crops.

Jowar:-

1. Use of local variety 2. Inadequate plant population / ha. 3. Imbalance fertilizer use 4. Lack of seed treatment 5. Unawareness about biofertilizers

Maize:-

1. Use of local variety for fodder purpose. 2. Inadequate nutrient management.

3. Continuous use of maize on same piece of land 4. Non adoption of crop rotation

Red gram:-

1. Use of local variety 2. Low / uneven plant population 3. Inadequate nutrient supply

4. Lack of seed treatment and no use of bio- fertilizers 5. Occurrence of wilt and pod borers.

Wheat:-

1. Use of local variety. 2. Inadequate nutrient supply. 3. Lack of seed treatment & no use of bio-fertilizers. 4. No foliar application of fertilizers.

Groundnut:-

1. Use of local cultivar 2. Low / uneven plant population. 3. Lack of seed treatment. 4. Inadequate nutrient use. 5. Occurrence of Tikka & rust Disease.

Fruits:

1. Use of local root Stock 2. Incidence of pest and diseases 3. Lack of availability of water 4. Improper package of practices 5. Indiscriminate use of fertilizers, insecticides and fungicides.

Vegetables:

1. No use of pest monitory 2. Incidence of pest and diseases 3. Use of improper cultivation practices 4. Indiscriminate use of pesticides and fungicides 5. High Weed density.

Major problems identified:

1. Use of local varieties of agricultural as well as horticultural crops.

2. Imbalance use of fertilizer and unavailability of fertilizers.

3. Inadequate irrigation facility

4. Unavailability of green fodder in summer.

5. Uneven plant population.

6. Unawareness of biofertilizers

7. No proper crop rotation/ mono cropping system.

8. Low milk yield.

9. Unawareness about mineral mixture for milking animal.

10. Labour problem.

11. Compactness of soil.

12. Lack of knowledge about post harvest handling and storage facility.

13. Unawareness about processing of agriculture produce.

8. Problem cause diagram: a. Problem cause diagram for low yield in sugarcane:

Lack of Knowledge

Improper Spacing

Lack of knowledge

Lack of knowledge

and unavailability

b. Problem cause diagram for low yield in rabi sorghum:

Lack of knowledge

Improper spacing

Lack of knowledge/

poor economic status

Lack of knowledge

Low yield in

sugarcane

Pest/disease incidence

Low/Uneven plant population

Inadequate nutrient supply

Lack of set treatment and less use of biofertilizers

Low yield in rabi

sorghum

Low plant population

Inadequate nutrient supply

Lack of seed treatment

Use of local variety

c. Problem cause diagram for low yield in groundnut:

Unavailability/lack of

knowledge about

improper varieties

Improper spacing

Lack of knowledge/ unavailability

/Shortage

Lack of knowledge

/ unavailability of biopesticide No plant

protection measures

d. Problem Cause Diagram for low yield in Tomato:

Improper application

of chemical pesticides No seedling

treatment

Lack of knowledge/ unavailability

Lack of knowledge

Shortage of labour at peak period

Low Yield in

Groundnut

Low/uneven plant population

Inadequate nutrient supply

Lack of seed treatment

Use of local variety

Occurrence of disease and pest (tikka and rust)

Low Yield in Tomato

Incidence of Pest and Disease

No use of pest monitoring device

Imbalance use of fertilizers

Incidence of fruit borer

High weed density

e. Problem cause diagram for low yield in pomegranate:

Improper inter cultivation

practices and disease infected

planting material Improper application of

Chemical Pesticides

Lack of knowledge

No use of proper

sterilized tools/spacing

Lack of Knowledge/ Poor condition

Low Yield in

Pomegranate

Incidence of fruit borer

Indiscriminate use of irrigation water

Improper spacing/ pruning/

sterlization/ sanitation

Incidence of bacterial blight wilt

Indiscriminate use of fertilizer/micronutrients

f. Problem cause diagram for low yield in chilli:

Improper application of

chemical pesticides

No seedling

treatment

Lack of knowledge/

unavailability

Lack of knowledge

poor condition

Shortage of labour at peak period

g. Problem cause diagram of low milk yield:

Low yield in

chilli

Incidence of pest and diseases

No use of biopesticide

Imbalance use of fertilizer

Incidence of thrips and termites

High weed intensity

Low milk

yield

Lack of knowledge about balance diet for cattle

Use of local breed

Scarcity of green fodder during summer Unawareness about

importance of mineral mixture

Improper feeding management

Lack of knowledge about proper milking method

Lack of knowledge about breeding management

9. Farmers – scientists interaction for action plan development:

The KVK scientists interact with the farmers of Bitale village during the discussion

groups of farmers related to crop component, animal component, horticulture , soil

component and rural youth was participated for identifying the problems constraints and

need of farmer. During this session point raised by the farmer are given below.

Points raised by the farmers:-

Crop Management:

Need to develop drought resistant varieties of rabi sorghum for sucking pest.

Lack of awareness about improved dry land technologies.

Need to improve the grain and fodder quality of rabi sorghum.

Less awareness about soil and water conservation.

Minimum farming system approach.

Lack of knowledge about modern tillage practices.

Less risk bearing ability.

Horticultural Crops:

Use of local cultivars in vegetables.

Indiscriminate use of pesticides and fungicides in vegetables and fruit crops.

Improper package of practices in vegetable and fruit crops.

Unavailability of marketing facilities.

Incidence of pest and diseases in fruit crops like banana, pomegranate, vegetables etc.

Animal Component / Livestock:-

Fodder is a major constraint due to less and erratic rainfall .

Unawareness about mineral requirement to animals.

Non availability of milk collection unit / Dairy unit .

Less awareness about improved varieties.

Use of local breed for milch purpose.

Lack of knowledge about vaccination schedule.

Lack of knowledge scientific breeding, feeding and disease management.

Soil:-

Compactness of soil.

Unawareness about INM practices.

Less awareness about dry land technologies.

Unawareness about Soil testing.

Unawareness about soil conservation practices.

10. PRA photos: