PARTITION AND PANELING

ABHIMANYU MITTALDHRUV GUPTA

PRIYESH DUBEY

WALL PANELING

JUNCTION DETAIL

TOP DETAIL

BOTTOM DETAIL

For a common wooden panelingWALL EDGE DETAIL

•Panelling is a blanket term for wall coverings constructed from rigid or semi rigid components. These are traditionally interlocking wood, but could be plastic etc.•The panels served to insulate the room from the cold stone. In more modern buildings, such panelling is often installed for decorative purposes.• Panelling, such as wainscoting and boiserie in particular, may be extremely ornate and is particularly associated with 17th and 18th century interior design, Victorian architecture in Britain, and its international contemporaries

Paneling may be applied to drywall, directly to wall

studs, or to furring strips applied over masonry

surfaces

WOODEN PANELINGWood panels offer a thickness range from 3 mm to 43 mm; they

can be painted, wood veneered and polished, or factory finished with foils and decorative overlays

With time, more technically suitable acoustic panels replaced the wood panel cladding concept. Also, with air-conditioners and sophisticated heating systems being used extensively, the purpose of wood in maintaining temperatures too became irrelevant

There are many examples of hardwood panelling in old buildings especially those in cooler climates. Although work of the same character is only occasionally adopted in new buildings, one cannot disregard the contribution these examples have made to this pleasing form of internal surface covering. It is difficult now to surpass the hand craftsmanship and elegance of the earlier panelling, but the same skills and treatment are still required in alteration, conversion and restoration work There are several methods of securing the panel framing to the grounds.

TRADITIONAL WOODWORK

Central Locking Panel Concealed Nailed Joint Tongue and Groove Joint

Skirting Details

MODERN WOOD PANEL INSTALLATION Horizontal panelling may be fixed with nails and/or stud

adhesive directly to the common wall studs while, vertical panelling will need added horizontal support, in the form of nogging (blocking) between the studs or full battens over the face of the wall. The smoothness of the finished panelling will depend largely on the straightness and spacing of the supporting Embers. Table below provides a guide to maximum support spacings.

Application Lining Thickness (mm) Spacing (mm) of Supports at: 90 to 45 to Lining Lining 

Wall 12 800 600 19 1350 1000 

Ceiling 12 600 450 19 1200 900

Mahogany – Orangish, most extensively used

Deodar - Smell, Knots

New Zealand Pine- Green stains, thus not very popular but cheaper

Wenge - Brownish-black

White Wood

Black Wood - Fire and water resistant, used for inlays in flooring MAHOGANY

DEODAR

WENGE

WHITE WOOD

TYPES OF WOOD

Wainscot or wainscoting is a panelling style applied to the lower 1.2 to 1.5 m of an interior wall, below the dado rail or chair rail and above the skirting board or baseboard. It is traditionally constructed from tongue-and-groove boards, though beadboard or decorative panels (such as a wooden door might have) are also common. Wainscoting may also refer to other materials used in a similar fashion.

Its original purpose was to cover the lower part of walls which, in houses constructed with poor or nonexistent damp-proof course, are often affected by rising dampness. Though some countries may impose building regulations for adequate damp-proofing, its purpose is now generally decorative.

Boiserie (often used in the plural boiseries) is the term to used to

define ornate and intricately carved wood panelling. Early

examples of boiseries were unpainted, but later the raised

mouldings were often painted or gilded. Boiseries were popular in

17th and 18th century French interior design and the Palace of

Versailles has many fine examples. The panels were not

confined just to the walls of a room but were also used to

decorate doors, frames, cupboards and shelves. Often pictures would be set into the

boiseries, the carving framing the picture rather like a conventional

frame.

BAISERIEWAINSCOT

PLYWOOD

decorative paneling designed to provide flexibility, durability

and beauty. These attractive, low maintenance wall

coverings are ideal for commercial, contract and institutional applications.

Standard Size (in cm)

Standard Thickness (in mm)3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 16, 19 and 2

214 x 122 244 x 122184 x 122154 x 122244 x 92214 x 92184 x 92154 x 92

Standard Weight (based on 0.625 density)Thickness Weight per sq. mtr (approx)3 mm 1.9 kg4 mm 2.5 kg6 mm 3.8 kg9 mm 5.8 kg12 mm 7.7 kg16 mm 10.0 kg19 mm 12.0 kg

Technical Data

Density gms/cc 0.625 to 0.70Swelling in water after 8 hrs Approx 1%Tensile strength Face grain 420 kg/cm2(min)

Across face/grain 250 kg Sum of strength in both directions around 650 kg/cm2

Moisture content 8-12%

Block Boards are made from a combination of suitable seasoned solid wood core and decorative face veneers. Seasoned to a moisture content and chemically treated for termite resistance. PF resin is used for bonding in the hot press process. All core battens are made from well selected hardwoods, strictly 25mm wide, placed horizontally and glued laterally to form the core which is covered with a cross band.

Also available in Commercial, Decorative, Super white and Neo Teak grades

Salient FeaturesWood seasoned to a moisture content within 12%. Chemically treated for termite resistance. Block Board is versatile and can be reshaped, even curved to meet any requirement.

Standard Size (in cm)244 x 122 244 x 92214 x 122 214 x 92184 x 122 184 x 92154 x 122 154 x 92

Standard Thickness (in mm) 15/16, 18/19, 24/25, 30, 32, 38 and 40

Application Areas•Ideal for all types of furniture, partitions, racks, shelves, cupboards, shutters and under layer for decorative laminates. •Advantage of block board is that they can be used at par with wood panels at a much cheaper cost. With the wood veneers available today, the finish can also be exactly like the wood panels.

Finishes On Block Board-Laminate- Wood Veneer With Polish- Paints- Polish

BLOCK BOARD

Wood Wool Cement Boards (WWCB) or Excelsior boards are manufactured from long strands of chemically stabilized wood fibres(cut from debarked spruce or pine logs) coated in portland cement.

Available in boards of sizes 4’ X 2’ and 18 and 25 mm thick, they should be stored flat and kept dry.

ADVANTAGES

Its inherent resistance to fire and termite attack (a steel or timber framed wall faced with wood wool slab on both sides has a resistance of 1 hour)

Acceptance of wide range of finishes -the surface can be plastered and all coating materials including bitumen can be applied over it.

Wet and dry rot resistance

Good sound absorbing and sound insulation properties

Due to its medium density (300-500 kg/m3) and open texture, it is used in spaces where acoustical treatment is required.

Thermal insulation

CROSS SECTION OF THREE TYPES OF WOOD WOOL SLABS

The most usual applied internal finishes are

Spray painting with water, emulsion or flat paint

Plaster rendering

Cost ranges from Rs. 70 to Rs. 100 per board varying with thickness

WOOD WOOL SLAB WITH GALVANIZED STEEL CHANNELS

WOOD WOOL CEMENT BOARD

Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) is a wood based composite material that draws on the usage of wood fibers, rather than particles or veneers and involves addition of adhesives, usually urea formaldehyde, to the dry wood fibers slightly compressed to a density of at least 750 kg/cu.m. and cut to board length.

SIZES AVAILABLE 8’ X 4’ , 7’ X 4’ , 6’ X 4’ , 7’ X 3’ , 6’ X 3’

It is typically made as a board type product, though it is use in moldings. Its advantages include

high strengths,

ease of machining,

good weathering properties

Water proof

Termite and fire resistant

and the ability to be made from a wide variety of fibrous products (an environmental plus).

MEDIUM DENSITY FIBRE BOARD

Powder board is mainly made from sawdust bonded with adhesives to form boards (sheets) by

applying mechanical pressure and heat.

Properties of powder board

Powder board have a low strength, good fire resistance and air tightness.

Humid tolerant grades are resistant to occasional wetting.

Paper and plastic finishes are available.

As it is well compressed it is a good material to be used for sound insulation

Powder board is available in the market in the size of tiles also i.e. 2’ X 2’ priced at Rs. 26 per tile.

POWDER BOARD

Particle board is made from chips of timber bonded with urea formaldehyde resins to form boards (sheets) by applying mechanical pressure and heat.

Particle Board is a reconstituted wood panel product. Wood or agro residue is converted in to chips in the process of chipping and milling. This is followed by drying where excess moisture is reduced and uniformly controlled. Dried chips are mixed with synthetic resin in the mixing process, thereby forming chips mats of three layer constituency. the Particle mats are pressed and boards are cured in a heated pres thore with a temperature up to 180 degree and then boards are trimmed to desired size and thickness. Particle boards are finished with laminates on both sides.They available in boards of sizes 8’ X 4’ and of thickness 8,12 and 18 mm

PARTICLE BOARD

Stones have always been a favorite of the designers for the purpose of floorings, wall claddings and ornamental works due to the following factors:

the visual and aesthetic appeal of the stone,

availability of a wide variety of stones in abundance,

attractive and durable,

Strong and water-resistant

Scratch and stain proof

STONE PANELING

TYPES OF STONES

Fixing of stone by metallic clamps • It is the best way of cladding stone on external surfaces.•This involves rough plastering the surface which is to be cladded.•Clamping the stone with stainless steel or gun-metal clamps.•Pasting the stone with cement mortar (1:4).•Thicker stone have to be used for clamping.•Costs of fixing are up to Rs. 40/sqft.

10 MM PLASTER

CONCRETE WALL

CLAMP

50 X 7 MM SS BOLT

40 THK STONE

FACE J OINTS NOT TO BE MORE THAN 15 MM

SECTIONELEVATION

DETAILS FOR WET STONE CLADDING

Using clamps

FIXING DETAILS

These acoustic panels are used to reduce reverberation noise levels in buildings such as lecture theatres, music rooms, offices, boardrooms, sports and community halls, classrooms,cinemas,interview rooms and many other applications.

MANUFACTUREThese acoustic panels are made from resin bonded fiberglass specifically tooled and pressed for maximum sound absorption. The panels are fabric finished hence forming an acoustic panel which is decorative, durable and resistant to mild impacts.

WEIGHTThe panels weigh approximately 3Kg/m². The Upvc trims weigh approx. 1Kg/length.

FABRIC MAINTENANCEFabric coverings can be wiped clean with a damp cloth and vacuumed or brushed periodically

APPLICATION

FIXING OF FABRIC ABOVE THE ACOUSTIC BOARD,NATRAJ CINEMA COMPLEX

ACOUSTICS

- These sound absorption panels are an efficient, durable, cost effective solution for reducing excessive reverberation in large spaces. They consist of an acoustic fiberglass core with a high quality fabric covering.

- They are easy to install, lightweight and can be made in a wide range of custom sizes. Fixing can be with optional impaling clips or adhesive. Units can also be supplied with a wooden frame surround for ceiling or wall mounting.

- Units can also be custom made with 'Z' clips for easy ceiling application and split batons for easy wall mounting which is ideal if you require them to be removable.

Fiberglass Absorption Panels

Cara Range Composition:  100% Polyolefin.

• Weight:  220g/m² +/- 5% • Width:  170cm +/- 2% usable • Maintenance:  Wipe clean with a damp cloth • Flammability:  BS 476 Part7 Class 1,    BS EN

1021 - 1 : 1994 (cigarette)

DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF FABRIC AVAILABLE

CONDITIONS FOR DESIGN OF PARTITION WALL

Functional Performance

• Fire protection• Thermal insulation• Moisture resistance• Water vapor resistance• Sound insulation• Acoustical soundness• Access- door openings- access panels, hatches• Services- loadings from fitting- access for services• Durability- effect of solar or environmental heating- contamination from dirt, fumes, chemicals,humidity• Cleaning• Maintenance

Structural Performance

• Load imposed bypartitions

• Load imposed byadjacent structure

• Structural support andfunctional areas

• Wind loads and airpressure

• Strength androbustness

• Crowd pressure• Fixtures and fitting

Appearance

• Quality• Finishes• Glazing

• Trimming• Accessories

Installation

• Lighting• Storage and handling

• Setting out• Construction

• Accuracy of finished partition and openings

• Protection during construction• Fixtures and fitting

PARTITION WALLAn internal wall used for the purpose of

subdividing a storey of a building into sections and which supports no load other than its own weight

and wall fixtures.

TYPES OF PARTITION WALL

COMPOSITION OF PARTITIONSGYPSUM BOARDS AND METAL STUDS

Not common in commercial use due to low fire repulsionPlates can be installed in a manner similar to metal tracksPLASTER PARTITIONS

Not as common as 20 years agoStandard metal studs are installed with lath

being applied on both the sides

GLASS BLOCKS

Available in variety of patterns and transluencyNot designed to be load bearing

SURFACE MATERIAL

Finish is an important factorDetermined by the requirement and aesthetic appearance

RATED PARTITIONSFIRE RESISTANT

ability to withstand fire heatthey are rated dependant on the amount of time it can withstand firerequirements for these materials are designated in astm standard e119, fire test of building construction and materialthe fire resistant panels are sandwitch type

ACOUSTICAL

Sound Insulation value is an acoustic rating derived from sound

transmission loss measurementsover a range of test frequency

bands.The higher the sound insulation

value, the better the wall will be at reducing noise transmission.

It should be noted that penetrations or imperfections in

the wall can affect its acoustic performance.

PANELING IN BANQUET HALLPANELING IN STEAM ROOM

IN THE MIDDLE

AT THE BOTTOM

IN THE MIDDLE

AT THE BOTTOM

PANELING IN DISCOPANELING IN SAUNA

IN THE MIDDLE

AT THE BOTTOM

IN THE MIDDLE

AT THE BOTTOM