partnerships around food and nutrition security information flows in zambia klaus droppelmann a,...

Partnerships around food and nutrition

security information flows in Zambia

Klaus Droppelmanna, Chance Kabagheb, Rhoda Mofya-Mukukab and Teunis van Rheenenc

a Independent consultant to International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)b Indaba Agricultural Resarch Policy Institute (IAPRI)c International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

Flickr (IFPRI2009)

Organisation of the presentation:

1. Evolution of food and nutrition security definitions and concepts

2. Key players in Zambia’s food and nutrition sector

3. Efforts to monitor food and nutrition security and their gaps

4. A proposal: Towards a Food and Nutrition Security Dashboard (FSDN)

Flickr (Milo Mitchell/IFPRI 2013)

Evolution of food and nutrition security definitions and concepts

United Nations World Food Summit in Rome 1974:

Food Security is “the availability at all times of adequate world supplies

of basic foodstuffs, primarily cereals, so as to avoid acute food shortages

in the event of widespread crop failures or natural disasters, sustain a

steady expansion of production and reduce fluctuations in production

and prices (FAO, 1974)”.


Food Security is “the availability at all times of adequate world supplies

of basic foodstuffs, primarily cereals, so as to avoid acute food shortages

in the event of widespread crop failures or natural disasters, sustain a

steady expansion of production and reduce fluctuations in production

and prices (FAO, 1974)”.

(Klaus Droppelmann 2010)

Maxwell (1996) claims food security underwent three paradigm

shifts:

(a)from the global and the national to the household and the

individual,

(b)from a food first perspective to a livelihood perspective,

and

(c) from objective indicators to subjective perception.

Flickr (Anna-Marie Ball/IFPRI 2007)


“Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic

access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and

food preferences for an active and healthy life” (FAO 2006).

Flickr (IFPRI 2007)

Availability of Food(trends and levels)Production ImportsFood Balance

Access to Food (trends and levels)Purchasing power Market integration Market access

Stability of Food Systems(variability)Household income, Social entitlement, Price & Weather shocks

Nutritional StatusFIVIMS conceptual framework (FAO 2000)

Utilisation of Food(trends and levels)

Energy & Nutrient intake / adsorbtion

Availability of Food(trends and levels)Production ImportsFood Balance

Access to Food (trends and levels)Purchasing power Market integration Market access




Nutritional Status

HH livelihood strategies

Health & SanitationFood safety Water qualitySanitation

Care PracticesNutrition education Child Care Food preparation

Socio-Economic, Natural & Political Environment affecting FS outcomes, including:

Population & Household characteristics, Education, Livelihood systems, Macroeconomy, Markets,Policies, Natural Resources, Agriculture, Social institutions, Cultural attitudes, Climate

of Individuals

h

Food Economy

FIVIMS conceptual framework (FAO 2000)

Key players in Zambia’s food and nutrition sector

MAL (Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock) key player in food economy, close cooperation with CSO and FRA VAC (Vulnerability Assessment Committee) key player (stakeholder grouping) on livelihood assessmentsNFNC (National Food and Nutrition Commission) key player in nutrition and its linkages to health sectorDMMU (Disaster Mitigation Management Unit) coordinates emergency response, core member of VACWFP (World Food Programme) provides food aid & supports market dev, core member of VACFEWS NET (Famine Early Warning System Network) tracking biophysical & economic trends , core member of VAC FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation) focuses on info networks and coordination capacityCOMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa) drives CAADP agenda, informal cross border trade monitoringIAPRI (Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute) provides evidence based policy research on FNS JCTR (Jesuit Centre for Theoretical Reflection) tracks socio-economic status of HHs (BNB & RB) Private Sector (ZNFU, MAZ, GTAZ, etc.) important player in food economy, esp. info sharing thru SAGCSO-SUN (Civil Society Organisations – Scaling Up Nutrition) large network focusing on early child developmentInternational Collaborating Partners harmonised approach, coherent action & consistent info sharingInternational Research Institutions practical research and supporting better info flows

Food and Nutrition relevant monitoring efforts

MAL M&E system is

a)user-friendly (aiming at decision-makers), b)simple and harmonised (vertical and horizontal coordination) c)inclusive (aiming at bringing in non-state actors)d)ranging from input to impact indicators along result chainse)38 NAIP indicators, 21 of which are relevant to food and nutrition security

BUT these 21 indicators are still not compiled in a easy to grasp and consistent form of presentation and they are not sufficiently linked to indicators of the other dimensions of food and nutrition security.


NFNC M&E system is

a)capturing nutrition relevant information from key sectorsb)comprised of a vast number of indicators on 11 strategic directions each with several strategic objectivesc)proposing the establishment of sentinel surveillance monitoring sites for higher level indicatorsd)focusing on coordination and harmonisation (Three-Ones-Principle: One coordinating body, One strategy, One M&E system)

BUT NFNC undergoes a restructuring and revamping phase posing challenges to its current capacity to effectively coordinate a complex sector at the same time offering scope for innovations.


VAC annual assessments

a)selection of areas targeted for the assessments is based on Crop Forecast data b)detailed assessment of HH vulnerability to external shocks with an emphasis on natural calamitiesc)well established and accepted multi-stakeholder approach

BUT the VAC assessments do not take a look at longer-term developments in the food and nutrition security sector for the whole country.

The multi-secotral and complex nature of food and nutrition security has been a challenge since long leading to incoherent approaches and uncoordinated action by a wide range of actors in the past.

Information needs by decision makers?

MAL: food economy focus on economic issuesNFNC: nutrition and health oriented low coordination capacityVAC: multi-stakeholder HH-level

assessmentsonly selected areas & acute

emergencies

Information on food and nutrition security is available but not accessible by decision makers in an easily digestible presentation.

Stressed

OK Crisis

Food Economy

Stressed

OK Crisis

Household-Level Livelihood

Stressed

OK Crisis

Nutritional Status of Individual

Towards a Food and Nutrition Security Dashboard (FSND)

Stressed

OK Crisis

Food Economy

OK Crisis

Houshold-Level Livelihood

Stressed

Stressed

OK Crisis


10Stressed

OK CrisisFood Economy

7Stressed

OK Crisis

Houshold-Level Livelihood

4

Stressed

OK Crisis


Potential partnerships around food and nutrition security in Zambia

MALcoordinates with the

entire sector through the Sector Advisory Group

VACincludes all of the key

actors in the emergency preparedness

NFNCadvises Government

on all matters of food and nutrition

Food for Thought:

1. The FNSD will provide decision-makers with quality information at a glance!

2. How can we strengthen partnerships around FNS?

3. What other information gaps on food and nutrition security still exist?

4. What other important stakeholders will need to be brought into this process?

Thank you!

Flickr (IFPRI2009)

Key players in Zambia’s food and nutrition sectorMAL (Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock) key player in food economy, close cooperation with CSO and FRA

new M&E system with info flow from sub-district to national levelVAC (Vulnerability Assessment Committee) key player (stakeholder grouping) on livelihood assessmentsDMMU (Disaster Mitigation Management Unit) coordinates emergency response, core member of VACNFNC (National Food and Nutrition Commission) key player in nutrition and its linkages to health sector

revamped thru new strategic plan and M&E frameworkWFP (World Food Programme) shift from food aid to emergency preparedness and market devFEWS NET (Famine Early Warning System Network) early warning, tracking biophysical and economic trends FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation) supports sector thru MAL, now focuses on info networksCOMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa) drives CAADP agenda, informal cross border trade monitoringIAPRI (Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute) evidence based policy research, collaboration MAL & CSOJCTR (Jesuit Centre for Theoretical Reflection) tracks socio-economic status of HHs (BNB & RB) Private Sector (ZNFU, MAZ, GTAZ, etc.) key player in food economy esp. info sharingCSO-SUN (Civil Society Organisations – Scaling Up Nutrition) large network focusing on early child developmentInternational Collaborating Partners harmonised collaboration i.e. coherent action & consistent info

sharingInternational Research Institutions practical research and supporting better info flows

food economy

food economy

livelihood assessments

health sector

trade monitoring

nutrition

socio-economic status of HHs

Socio-Economic, Natural & Political Environment affecting FS outcomes, including:

Population, Household, characteristics, Education, Livelihood systems, Macroeconomy, MarketsPolicies, Natural Resources, Agriculture, Social Institutions, Cultural attitudes, Climate

Availability of Food(trends and levels)Production, Imports,Food Balance

Access to Food (trends and levels)Purchasing power, Market integration, Market access


Health & SanitationFood safety, Water quality, Sanitation,



Care PracticesNutrition education, Child Care, Food preparation,

Nutritional Status

HH livelihood strategies

h

of Individuals

Food Economy

partnerships around food and nutrition security information flows in zambia klaus droppelmann a,...

Documents

evolution of food

food preferences

nutritious food

zambias food

availability of food

claims food security

acute food shortages

nutrition security definitions