Parts of a Eukaryotic Cell

Eu – Good / True

Karyote- Kernel (nucleus)

Cell Membrane The Cell Membrane is made of a phospholipid

bilayer

Phospholipids – are made of a glycerol, phosphate, and two fatty acids

Bilayer- Two Layers

Phospholipids (the dancing Baker)

A Phospholipid Bilayer

Membranes are Selectively Permeable

• Some substances cross the membrane while others cannot cross at all.

Peripheral ProteinsAre located on cell membrane: on the outside of the cell and

on the inside of the cell attached to membrane

Integral Proteins

Are located in the cell membrane

Fluid Mosaic Membrane Model

• The membrane acts more like a fluid than a solid.

• Proteins can change locations in the membrane

Organelles

Organelles

• Cytoplasm – the entire contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

• Cytosol- the jelly like substance that surrounds all the organelles

Mitochondria –the powerhouse

• Mitochondria have many internal folds called cristae (Kris-tee)

• This is the organelle that produces ATP for Energy

• This organelle has its own “Mitochondrial DNA”

The inside of the mitochondria is called the MATRIX

Ribosomes – Protein Assemblers

• Ribosomes have no membrane

They are:

• Made of RNA and Protein

• Responsible for making proteins

• Found in the cytosol and on the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Endoplasmic Reticulum – the highway

• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - 1. Covered with ribosomes

2. Makes and transports proteins

• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum-1. Makes Steroids

2. Regulates calcium levels in muscle cells

Rough And

Smooth Endoplasmic

Reticulum

Golgi Apparatus – Packaging and Secreting

• Is a series of flattened sacs with a convex shape

• It makes, packages and distributes proteins to the cell

Golgi Apparatus

Lysosomes – the digester

• Have a phospholipid monolayer

• Digest proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and DNA and RNA

• Contain enzymes that break down old organelles, viruses and bacteria.

Cytoskeleton – the scaffolding

Provides the structural support for a cell

Made of

• Microfilaments-small threads of actin protein. Responsible for cell movement

• Microtubules- large hollow tubes that help during mitosis

Green = Microtubules

Blue = Chromosomes

Red = Mitochondria

Cilia and Flagella

Cilia – hair like projections from the cell

Flagella – one to several extensions from the cell

Responsible for cellular locomotion (movement)

Microtubules in a 9:2 Ratio

Nucleus• Contains a nuclear skeleton known as the

Nuclear Matrix

Nucleus

• Nuclear envelope- surrounds the nucleus

• Cromatin – unraveled chromosomes.

• Chromosomes – contain genetic information

• Nuclear pores – openings in the nuclear envelope

• Nucleolus - makes ribosomes

Cell Wall

• Only in plant cells

• They are rigid structures made of cellulose

Vacuoles

• Store waste, food, and water. Makes up most of many plant cells.

Plastid (found primarily in plant cells)

• Chloroplast- captures energy from the sun to make sugar

Thylakoid