parts of an insect
DESCRIPTION
Common Insect Orders Adapted from Berkeley Natural History Museums lesson “A Quick Way to Identify Common Insect Orders”. Insects are the most species-rich group of organisms on earth as indicated in this species-scape. The size of the organism reflects the number of described species. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Common Insect Orders
Adapted from Berkeley Natural History Museums lesson “A Quick Way to Identify Common Insect Orders”
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Insects are the most species-rich group of organisms on earth as indicated in this species-scape. The size of the organism reflects the number of described species.
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Parts of an insect
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Parts of an insect
Head Thorax Abdomen
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Parts of an insect
Head Thorax Abdomen
3 pairs of legs
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Parts of an insect
Head Thorax Abdomen
3 pairs of legsWings and legs on thorax
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Important areas to study to identify common insect orders
Head Thorax Abdomen
3 pairs of legs
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Mouthparts:Chewing
mandibles
mandibles
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Mouthparts:
Piercing
Sucking
Sponging-sucking
Coiled
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Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids) Greek "ortho" = straight, "ptera" = wing
Spot ID• Jumping legs• parallel-sided structure
of front wings
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Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids)
Greek “orthos” = straight, “pteros” = wing
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Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids)
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Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids)
Spot ID• Jumping hind legs
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Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids)
Spot ID• Jumping hind legs• Some with ovipositor at hind
end
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Coleoptera (beetles)Greek “koleos”= sheath, “ptero”= wing
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Coleoptera (beetles)
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Coleoptera (beetles)
Spot ID• Chewing mouthparts
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Coleoptera (beetles)
Spot ID• Chewing mouthparts• Forewings (elytra)
form hard shell covering hindwings
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Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths)Greek “lepido”= scale, “ptero”= wing
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Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths)Greek “lepido”= scale, “ptero”= wing
• Coiling-sucking mouthparts
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Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths)Greek “lepido”= scale, “ptero”= wing
• Coiling-sucking mouthparts• Four wings covered with scales
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Diptera (flies)Latin “di”= two, “ptero”= wing
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Diptera (flies)Latin “di”= two, “ptero”= wing
Spot ID• Two wings
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Diptera (flies)Latin “di”= two, “ptero”= wing
Spot ID• Two wings
– Hind wings reduced to halteres
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Diptera (flies)Latin “di”= two, “ptero”= wing
Spot ID• Two wings
– Hind wings reduced to halteres
• Sponging-sucking mouthparts– Except mosquitoes
and some others that pierce skin
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Diptera (flies)Latin “di”= two, “ptero”= wing
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Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants)
Greek “hymen”=membrane, “ptero”=wing or
Hymen, the Greek god of marriage because the forewing & hindwings are joined
together with small hooks
Hooks not shown
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Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants)
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Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants)Spot ID• Chewing mouthparts
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Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants)Spot ID• Chewing mouthparts• Four membranous wings
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Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants)Spot ID• Chewing mouthparts• Four membranous wings• Waist often constricted
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Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants)Spot ID• Chewing mouthparts• Four membranous wings• Waist often constricted• Females with ovipositor or
stinger at end of abdomen
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Hemiptera (true bugs, also sometimes called Heteroptera)
Greek “hemisys” = half, “ptero” = wing
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Hemiptera (true bugs)
Greek “hemisys” = half, “ptero” = wingSpot ID• A beak: piercing-sucking mouthparts
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Hemiptera (true bugs)
Greek “hemisys” = half, “ptero” = wingSpot ID• A beak: piercing-sucking mouthparts• Forewings covering hindwings
– Wing half membrane, half thickened
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Homoptera (hoppers, aphids, scales, cicadas)
Greek “homo” = uniform, “ptero” = wingSpot ID• A beak: piercing-sucking mouthparts• Forewings covering hindwings
– Wings all membranous
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Homoptera (hoppers, aphids, scales, cicadas)
Greek “homo” = uniform, “ptero” = wingSome entomologists now combine Order
Homoptera with Order Hemiptera because the DNA has been found to be similar. In this case, Homoptera would be considered a suborder.
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Dermaptera (earwigs)Greek “derma” = skin, “ptero” = wing
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Dermaptera (earwigs)Greek “derma” = skin, “ptero” = wing
Spot ID• Long skin-like hindwings folded
under very short forewings
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Dermaptera (earwigs)Greek “derma” = skin, “ptero” = wing
Spot ID• Long skin-like hindwings folded
under very short forewings• Pinchers off end of abdomen
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Odonata (dragonflies, damselflies)
Greek “odon” = tooth (referring to teeth on their mandibles)
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Odonata (dragonflies, damselflies)
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Odonata (dragonflies, damselflies)
Spot ID• Long slender wings
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Odonata (dragonflies, damselflies)
Spot ID• Long slender wings• Long thin body
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Isoptera (termites) Greek "iso" = equal, "ptera" = wings
Spot ID• Pale, elongate body • 2 pairs of membranous
wings of equal length only present in reproductives and shed after mating
• Mandibulate (chewing) mouthparts
• Antennae about the same length as the head
• Sometimes now classified with Blattodea because their DNA suggests that they are specialized roaches
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Blattodea (roaches)Latin “blatta” = cockroach
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Blattodea (roaches)
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Blattodea (roaches)
Spot ID• Flat
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Blattodea (roaches)
Spot ID• Flat• Spiny legs
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Blattodea (roaches)Also called Blattaria, Greek “Blatta” = cockroach
Spot ID• Flat• Spiny legs• Long antennae
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Neuroptera (ant lions, lacewings, mantidflies)
Greek "neuron" = nerve and "ptera" = wingsSpot ID• four membranous net-
veined wings• forewings and
hindwings about the same size
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Neuroptera (ant lions, lacewings, mantidflies)
Greek "neuron" = nerve and "ptera" = wingsSpot ID• Larvae have elongated
mandibles adapted for piercing and sucking
• Oliver the Owlfly larva is an example
• Antlion larvae (doodlebugs)
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Mantodea (praying mantises)Greek “mantis” = prophet
Spot ID• two grasping, spiked
forelegs often held in “praying” position
• Triangular, swiveling head with large compound eyes
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Phasmatodea (walking stick insects)Also Phasmida, Greek “phasm” = phantom
Spot ID• cylindrical stick-like
body or flattened, leaflike shape
• long, slender antennae• sometimes have wings
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Thysanura (silverfish, bristletails)Greek "thysano-" = fringed, "ura" = tail
Spot ID• three long caudal (tail)
filaments• Silverfish are so called
due to the silvery glitter of the scales covering their bodies
• flattened bodies, may be elongated or oval in shape
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Ephemerida (mayflies) Also Ephemeroptera, Greek "ephemera"
=short-livedSpot ID• delicate bodies and
gauzy, fragile wings• two or three long
threads (caudal filaments) at end of abdomen
• Adults have no functional mouthparts
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Plecoptera (stoneflies)
Greek "pleco" = braided, "ptera" = wingSpot ID• complex venation of two
pairs of wings, which are membranous and fold flat over the back
• legs each end in two claws
• long, multi-segmented antennae
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Mecoptera (scorpionflies) Greek “meco-” = long, “ptera” = wings Spot ID• abdomen is cylindrical,
and typically curves upwards in the male, superficially resembling the tail of a scorpion
• wings are narrow in shape, with numerous cross-veins
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Trichoptera (caddisflies)Greek “trich” = hair, ptera = wing
Spot ID• small moth-like with
two pairs of hairy membranous wings
• Aquatic larvae, adults usually found near aquatic habitats
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Siphonaptera (fleas) Greek "siphon“ = tube or pipe, "aptera" =
wingless Spot ID• Wingless (adaptation to
ectoparasitism) • 1-10mm long • Mouthparts are sucking and
piercing • Hind legs are enlarged for
jumping • Laterally flattened
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Thysanoptera (thrips)Greek "thysano-" = fringed, “ptera" = wing
• Very small insects with a range of 1/32 to 1/8 inch in length
• Feed on plants, considered crop pest
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Some Common Insects