Parts of Speech

Notes

Part of Speech: Nouns A naming word

Names a person, place, thing, idea, living creature, quality, or idea

Examples:cowboy, theatre, box, thought, tree, kindness, arrival

Types:1. Singular Noun: Names one person, place, thing, etc…2. Plural Noun: Names more than one person, place, thing,

etc…3. Common Noun: Names any person, place, thing, etc…4. Proper Noun: Names a specific person, place, thing, etc…5. Singular Possessive Noun: one noun (singular noun)

that shows ownership of one or more6. Plural Possessive Noun: a noun that shows more than

one person, place, thing, etc. (plural noun) owns one or more

Noun Types1. Singular Noun: Names one person, place, thing, etc…Examples:

butterfly flower2. Plural Noun: Names more than one person, place, thing, etc…Examples:

bats

3. Common Noun: Names any person, place, thing, etc…Examples:Cat4. Proper Noun: Names a specific person, place, thing, etc…Examples:Max

Noun Types Continued5. Singular Possessive Noun: one noun (singular noun) that shows ownership of one or moreHow-To: Add apostrophe ( ) s to the nounExamples: man’s camera camera’s flash

6. Plural Possessive Noun: a noun that shows more than one person, place, thing, etc. (plural noun) owns one or moreHow-To: Most plural nouns already end in –s, so just add an

apostrophe If it does NOT end in –s, add apostrophe sExamples: people’s books dogs’ bone

Part of Speech: VerbsA word that describes an action

(doing something) or a state (being something)

Types:1. Action: show action2. Helping: HELP show action3. Linking: link things together

Verb Types

Helping

LinkingAction

Swim FallDance FlyWalk Travel

Look RemainProve AppearSound

Forms of “to be”(am, is, are, was, were)

Forms of “to become”

Form of “to seem”

Look RemainProve AppearSound

Did flyWill fallMust read

Do soundHas beenWill remain

Can be Action OR Linking

Did MustWill Has Do

Main Verbs

Part of Speech: Adjectives A word that describes a noun Tells you something about the noun

Types:1. Descriptive Adjectives: tells condition, shape, size,

value, color2. Quantitative Adjectives: tells quantity (how much

or many)3. Possessive Adjectives: possessive pronouns4. Demonstrative Adjectives: help indicate a specific

noun5. Distributive Adjectives: refer to members of a

group6. Interrogative Adjectives: used in questions

Adjective Types1. Descriptive: tells condition, shape, size, value, color

Examples: Condition: hot, cold, rainy, sunny Shape: round, rectangular, square, oval Size: small, large, thin, long Value: beautiful, smart, shy, rich Color: red, blue, yellow, black2. Quantitative: tells quantity (how much or many)Examples: whole, no, enough, all, some, little3. Possessive Adjectives: (see pronouns) Examples: (mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs)

Adjective Types Continued

4. Demonstrative: help indicate a specific nounExamples:1) this2) that3) these4) those5) former6) latter

5. Distributive: refer to members of a groupExamples:7) each8) every9) either10) Neither

6. Interrogative: used in questionsExamples:11) whose12) what13) which

Part of Speech: Adverbs A word that describes a verb

Tells you how something is done May tell you when or where something happened Often ends in –ly

Examples: Time: afterwards, already, always, immediately, last

month, now, soon, then, yesterday Place: above, below, here, outside, over there, there,

under, upstairs Manner: badly, happily, sadly, slowly, quickly, well, hard,

fast Degree: almost, much, nearly, quite, really, so, too, very Frequency: again, almost, always, ever, frequently,

generally, hardly ever, nearly, nearly always, never, occasionally, often, rarely, seldom, sometimes, twice, usually, weekly

Part of Speech: Pronounsused instead of a noun to avoid repeating the noun

Types:1. Subject Pronoun: used as the subject of the

sentence (the noun doing something)2. Object Pronoun: used as the object of the

sentence (the noun having something done to it)3. Possessive Adjective: shows ownership &

comes before the noun being possessed4. Possessive Pronoun: shows ownership & comes

after the noun being possessed5. Reflexive Pronoun: refers back to the subject;

the subject & object of the verb become the same

Pronoun Types

Part of Speech: Conjunctions Join 2 words, phrases, clauses, or

sentences together

Types:1. Coordinating Conjunctions: places

between words, phrases, clauses, or sentences of equal importance

2. Subordinating Conjunctions: introduces a subordinate clause (less important)

Conjunction Types1. Coordinating Conjunctions: places

between words, phrases, clauses, or sentences of equal importance

Examples:1) For2) And3) Nor4) 5) But6) Or7) Yet8) So

;

FAN;BOYS

Conjunction Types Continued2. Subordinating Conjunctions: introduces a

subordinate clause (less important)Examples: A – after, although, as

W – when, whenever, where, wherever, while, whereas

H – how I – if, in order T – than, though, that E – even though, even if

B – because, before U – unless, until S – since, so that

A WHITE BUS

Part of Speech: Prepositions Usually come before a noun, pronoun or noun phrase They join the noun to some other part of the

sentence and express the relationship between them

Examples: Time: on Monday, at noon, in June, since 1990, for

weeks, until fall Place: in, inside, on, at, over, above, under, below,

near, by, next to Direction: to Introduce Object: smiled at her, approved of him,

dreamed about her, waited for her

Part of Speech: Articles

Used to introduce a nounThere are only 3 (a, an, the)

Types:1. Indefinite Article: the noun is one among

many; not a specific one; has not been mentioned to the reader yet

2. Definite Article: the specific identity of the noun is known to the reader; the noun has been previously mentioned

Article Types1. Indefinite Article: the noun is one among many; not a specific one; has not been mentioned to the reader yetExamples:1) A: used in front of nouns beginning with consonants

a horse, a car2) An: used in front of nouns beginning with vowels or

vowel soundsan apple, an hour

2. Definite Article: the specific identity of the noun is known to the reader; the noun has been previously mentionedExample:1) The

Article Types Continued

Examples:Sarah arrived in a cab. The cab was red.

There are hundreds of cabs; the one she arrived in was not

a specific or particular cab (indefinite article)

Now that the cab has been introduced, we are talking about THAT specific cab

(definite article)