PARTS OF SPEECH&

PARTS OF A SENTENCE

(IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE)

Parts of speech

•What is speech?• It refers to the act of expressing or describing thoughts, feelings, or

perceptions by the articulation of words.

•What are the parts of speech?In grammar, a part of speech (also a word class, a lexical class, or a lexical category) is a linguistic category of words (or more precisely lexical items),

which is generally defined by the syntactic or morphological behaviour of the lexical item in question.

•Simply put-The parts of speech refers to the Classifications of words (used in speech) according to their relations to each other and to the things they

represent.

8 parts of speech (in english language)Some grammar sources categorize English into 9 or 10 parts of speech. But mainly we use the

traditional categorization of 8 parts of speech:1. NOUN2. PRONOUN3. VERB4. ADJECTIVE5. ADVERB6. PREPOSITIONS7. CONJUNCTIONS8. INTERJECTIONSExamples of other categorizations are:Verbs may be treated as two different parts of speech:

Lexical Verbs (work, like, run)Auxiliary Verbs (be, have, must)

Determiners may be treated as a separate part of speech, instead of being categorized under Adjectives

part of speech function or "job" example words example sentences

Verb action or state (to) be, have, do, like, work, sing, can, must

WIKIPEDIA.com is a web site. I like WIKIPEDIA.com.

Noun thing or person pen, dog, work, music, town, London, teacher, John

This is my dog. He lives in myhouse. We live in London.

Adjective describes a noun a/an, the, 69, some, good, big, red, well, interesting

My dog is big. I like big dogs.

Adverb describes a verb, adjective or adverb

quickly, silently, well, badly, very, really

My dog eats quickly. When he isvery hungry, he eats reallyquickly.

Pronoun replaces a noun I, you, he, she, some Tara is Indian. She is beautiful.

Preposition links a noun to another word

to, at, after, on, but We went to school on Monday.

Conjunction joins clauses or sentences or words

and, but, when I like dogs and I like cats. I like cats and dogs. I like dogs but I don't like cats.

Interjection short exclamation, sometimes inserted into a sentence

oh!, ouch!, hi!, well Ouch! That hurts! Hi! How are you? Well, I don't know.

NEXT QUESTION ARISES HOW TO ARRANGE THESE WORDS BELONGING TO DIFFERENT PARTS OF SPEECH INTO SENTENCES??

There are many different ways of organizing words into sentences. (Or we might say, Words can be organized into sentences in many different ways.) For this reason, describing how to put a sentence together isn't as easy as explaining how to bake a cake or assemble a model plane. There are no easy recipes, no step-by-step instructions. But that doesn't mean that crafting an effective sentence depends on magic or good luck. So as we work to improve our writing, it's important to understand what these basic structures are and how to use them effectively.

.The Parts of the Sentence & the relation with parts of speech

The parts of the sentence are a set of terms for describing how people construct sentences from smaller pieces. There is not a direct correspondence between the parts of the sentence and the parts of speech -- the subject of a sentence, for example, could be a noun, a pronoun, or even an entire phrase or clause. Like the parts of speech, however, the parts of the sentence form part of the basic vocabulary of grammar, and it is important that you take some time to learn and understand them.

WORDS CAN BE ARRANGED IN :

1. A SENTENCE-IT is a group of words that expresses a complete thought/sense /meaning. A sentence is a group of words which starts with a capital letter and ends with a full stop (.), question mark (?) or exclamation mark (!). A sentence contains or implies a predicate and a subject.

2. A CLAUSE-a part of a sentence that contains its own subject and predicate.

3. A PHRASE-a group of related words without a subject or predicate.

4. A MODIFIER- a word or phrase that modifies or adds information to other parts of a sentence. Adjectives, adverbs, and many phrases and clauses are modifiers.

CLAUSE,PHRASE AND MODIFIER ARE ALSO SENTENCES BUT HAVE UNIQUE FEATURES ,THEY CAN ALSO BE CALLED PARTS OF A SENTENCE.

PARTS OF A SENTENCE:1.SUBJECT-The noun or noun phrase that tells whom or what the sentence addresses.2.PREDICATE-a verb or verb phrase telling what the subject does or is.3.OBJECT-An object in grammar is part of a sentence, and often part of the predicate. It denotes somebody or something involved in the subject's "performance" of the verb. Basically, it is what or whom the verb is acting upon. As an example, the following sentence is given:In the sentence "Bobby kicked the ball", "ball" is the object.4.COMPLEMENT-A word or word group that completes the predicate in a sentence. The two kinds of complements are subject complements (which follow the verb be and other linking verbs) and object complements(which follow a direct object). If it identifies the subject, the complement is a noun or pronoun; if it describes the subject, the complement is an adjective.Complements are requiredto complete the verb, in contrast to modifiers, which are optional.

TYPES OF SUBJECT

• FULL OR COMPLETE• SIMPLE• COMPOUND

TYPES OF PREDICATE

• FULL OR COMPLETE• SIMPLE• COMPOUND

OBJECT

• TYPES1. DIRECT2. INDIRECT3. OBLIQUE4. PREPOSITIONAL

• FORM1. NOUN2. INFINITIVE3. GERUND4. INTERROGATIVE

CLAUSE5. DECLARATIVE CLAUSE6. FUSED RELATIVE

CLAUSE 7. ETC…..

TYPES OF COMPLEMENTS

• 1.SUBJECT COMPLEMENT• 2.OBJECT ‘’ • 3.VERB ‘’

CLASSIFICATION OF THE TYPES OF WORD FORMATIONS i.e.

Sentenceclausephrase

modifier

TYPES OF SENTENCECAN BE CATEGORIZED ON TWO BASIS:

• ACCORDING TO CONTENT OF INTENTION:

1. DECLARATIVE2. INTERROGATIVE3. IMPERATIVE4. EXCLAMATORY

• ACCORDING TO ITS STRUCTURE:

1. SIMPLE2. COMPOUND3. COMPLEX4. COMPOUND -

COMPLEX

TYPES OF CLAUSE

• 1.INDEPENDENT• 2.DEPENDENT• ELLIPTICAL

TYPES OF PHRASE

• 1.NOUN PHRASE• 2.ADJECTIVE PHRASE• 3.ADVERB PHRASE• 4.PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE

TYPES OF MODIFIER

• 1.LIMITING• 2.RESTRICTING• 3.NONRESTRICTING