Parts of the cell

Chapter 7.3

Prokaryotes (bacteria)• Nucleoid- control center that does NOT have a membrane around it and holds the DNA• Cytoplasm- the liquid “goo” that everything in the cell sits in • Ribosomes- protein factories that build the proteins for the cell• Plasmid- packets of DNA that the bacteria can swap with other bacteria to make it

more resistant to medicine• Cell membrane- regulates the transport of substances in and out of the cell• Cell wall- rigid outer structure that protects the cell and gives it structure• Capsule-slippery layer of the cell that keeps it from drying out and helps it slip

away when phagocytes try to engulf it• Pili- help bacteria attach to surfaces• Flagella- whip like tail for movement

Nucleus (control center)• The nucleus is located in the center of the cell

– ___________________________________– Is the control center(brain) of the cell

• The nucleus is broken down into parts – Nucleolus- _________________________________________________– _______________________membrane that covers the nucleus – ______________openings in the nuclear membrane that allow things in

Ribosomes (protein factories) & ER• ____________________ the little dots found in the cytoplasm or attached

to the endoplasmic reticulum that make proteins for the cell• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): work with ribosomes to make proteins

– __________________________________________________________– The folds increase the surface area for cellular functions to take place

• ____________________ER with ribosomes attached to the outside surface.– Makes it bumpy looking or rough– __________________________________________________________

• Smooth ER- ER with no ribosomes attached, responsible for making lipidsBoth package and deliver new proteins and lipids via vesicles to the Golgi apparatus.

Golgi Apparatus (FED-EX)• Golgi Apparatus- __________________________________________

________________________________________________________– Looks like a stack of pancakes– Receives newly made proteins and lipids from the ER which it then modifies, repackages (in vesicles) and distributes to the rest of the cell

• ____________ (transporters)- membrane bound transporters that take proteins and other packages around the cell and out of the cell

Vacuoles (containers)• Vacuoles(containers)- ________________________________________

– Common in plant cells (central vacuole), ____________________________– Also found in single celled eukaryotes as a “contractile vacuole” which

pumps excess water out of the cell.• Lysosomes (___________)- small membrane bound sacs that are filled with

digestive enzymes and they wander around the cell dissolving nutrients in the cell or “lysing” ______________________________________________

• Centrioles- ___________________________________________________

Vacuoles can take up to 30% of a plant cell’s volume

Pathway of particles• Ribosomes found on the rough ER make LOTS of proteins• __________________________________________________________

_ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

• The vesicle dumps the protein off at the Golgi Apparatus and dissolves into the Golgi’s membrane

• The proteins get repackaged by the __________________________ __________________________________________and some products get stored in the vacuole

Enough about transport, how do cells get their energy????Chloroplasts & Mitochondria (POWERHOUSES)

• Chloroplasts- ________________________________________ ____________________________________________________– The stacks of green discs are the actual structures that produce the

all of the energy through photosynthesis

• ________________chili bean looking structures that produce energy for plant and animal cells– Makes ATP (packets of energy) for the cell to use– Site of ____________________

Skeleton & Movement• Cytoskeleton- ____________________________________________

________________________________________________________– Like the steel beams of a building that give it strength

• ________________rigid straight tubes that act as structural support• ______________thin protein thread/webs that help give cells shape

• Flagella- _________________________________________________• Cilia- ___________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

Outer Barrier• Plasma membrane- ___________________________________

____________________________________________________• ________rigid outer most layer of plant cells made of cellulose,

provides structure for the plant

Working together• All of the organelles in the cell have very different jobs but they all work

together to make the cell function properly.

Animal Cells vs Plant Cells