passive & active soil vapour sampling - a complementary ......passive & active soil vapour...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary ......Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary Approach James Blackwell1, John Massie2 & Matt Collyer2 14Sight](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060811/608faf695b716f28c253b249/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
YOUR LOGO go to slide master to edit
Passive & Active
Soil Vapour Sampling -
A Complementary Approach
James Blackwell1, John Massie2 & Matt Collyer2
14Sight Consulting, Level 6, Aviation House
12-22 Johnston Street, Wellington, 6011, NEW ZEALAND 2Edge Group, Level 1, 423 City Road, South Melbourne, VIC 3205,
AUSTRALIA
![Page 2: Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary ......Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary Approach James Blackwell1, John Massie2 & Matt Collyer2 14Sight](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060811/608faf695b716f28c253b249/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
YOUR LOGO go to slide master to edit
Preamble • This is a case study of works conducted at a previous role for a consultancy in Australia
(Edge Group).
• The use of the sampling technologies detailed in this presentation is not an endorsement or
‘sales pitch’. There are a number of similar proprietary products on the market, that have
different site-specific applications.
• Soil vapour issues are often forgotten about in the broader context of contaminated land
assessment. Growing issue over past 5-10 years around the world in recognising risks posed
by soil vapour.
• Soil vapour is a contaminant in soil, albeit in a different phase, occupying pore space.
Ministry for the Environment ‘National Environment Standard for Assessing and Managing Contaminants in Soil to Protect Human Health (2011)
![Page 3: Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary ......Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary Approach James Blackwell1, John Massie2 & Matt Collyer2 14Sight](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060811/608faf695b716f28c253b249/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
YOUR LOGO go to slide master to edit
The Site • Large, active manufacturing facility (5
ha). Limited access, busy Site, operates
24/7, many buildings and high traffic.
• Metal product manufacture since 1950.
• Key contaminants = PCE and TCE
chlorinated solvents used up to 1990’s
for both liquid PCE (pit) and vapour TCE
(enclosure) degreasing.
• Petroleum hydrocarbons also
contaminants of concern from general
manufacturing processes and
machinery.
Potential Source Areas - Edge Group Pty Ltd 2015
Image from Associated Press Image from www.michigan.gov
![Page 4: Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary ......Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary Approach James Blackwell1, John Massie2 & Matt Collyer2 14Sight](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060811/608faf695b716f28c253b249/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
YOUR LOGO go to slide master to edit
The Approach • Need to quickly assess potential on-
site human health risks associated
with potential contamination.
• Therefore a staged, complimentary
approach was adopted:
o Initial, low impact, hi-resolution
Preliminary Passive SV assessment
(PPSVA) using WMS-LU samplers.
oSubsequent, conventional, targeted
active SV Monitoring Events
(SVMEs) using active SV sampling
(vacuum canisters). PPSVA and SVME Sample Locations - Edge Group Pty Ltd 2016
![Page 5: Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary ......Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary Approach James Blackwell1, John Massie2 & Matt Collyer2 14Sight](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060811/608faf695b716f28c253b249/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
YOUR LOGO go to slide master to edit
PPSVA Results • Results identified 24 locations with
criteria exceedances.
• Excellent correlation between suspected
source areas and results.
• 7 source areas – including 2 previously
unknown.
• Maximum reported concentrations:
o PCE:150,000 µg/m3
o TCE: 180,000 µg/m3
o DCE: 198,000 µg/m3
o VC: 24,000 µg/m3
o TRH F1: 11,000,000 (TRH) µg/m3 TCE Concentrations in Soil Gas – PPSVA - Edge Group Pty Ltd and SiREM 2015 WMS-LU Sampler - Edge Group Pty Ltd, 2015
![Page 6: Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary ......Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary Approach James Blackwell1, John Massie2 & Matt Collyer2 14Sight](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060811/608faf695b716f28c253b249/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
YOUR LOGO go to slide master to edit
SVME Results • Results identified 26 locations with criteria
exceedances (24 in PPSVA).
• Results from 4 SVMEs (Aug-15, Nov-15,
Mar-16 and September-16) showed good
correlation and repeatability.
• Narrowed down to 6 source areas –
Previous apparent TRH impact area
actually due to interference from wider
area of CHC impact.
• Maximum reported concentrations:
o PCE: 960,000 µg/m3
o TCE: 2,300,000 µg/m3
o DCE: 340,000 µg/m3
o VC: 260 µg/m3
o TRH F1: 610,000 (TRH) µg/m3
TCE Concentrations in Soil Gas – SVME 3 - Edge Group Pty Ltd and SiREM 2016
Active SV Sampling from SVP Edge Group Pty Ltd, 2015
![Page 7: Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary ......Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary Approach James Blackwell1, John Massie2 & Matt Collyer2 14Sight](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060811/608faf695b716f28c253b249/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
YOUR LOGO go to slide master to edit
PPSVA and SVME Data • Significant variation between individual results and poor direct
correlation (R2 scatters):
o SVME total CHCs generally > PPSVA total CHCs.
o PPSVA results contained more 1,1-DCE/VC (‘lighter’).
o SVME results contained more PCE/TCE (‘heavier’).
• However, good overall spatial and contaminant type
correlation - Impacts confirmed in 55% of duplicates.
• Clear identification of 6 key SV source areas:
o 4 known historical sources/activities ( ).
o 2 previously unknown areas ( ).
• Variability between results likely due to:
o Not conducted at same time (variations between SVMEs too).
o PPSVA samples collected at 1.0 m vs SVME mostly sub-slab.
o WMS-LU has greater affinity for the ‘lighter’ more mobile CHCs.
o Long term deployment for PPSVA vs ‘grab’ sample for SVME
may have led to a degree of starvation and underreporting of
‘heavier’ CHCs in tight clay formation.
Key Soil Vapour Impact Areas and Sources - Edge Group Pty Ltd 2016
TCE Degreaser
Previously Unknown
(surface discharge) Metal Presses
PCE Degreaser
Chemical
Storage
Previously Unknown
(impacted fill and UST)
![Page 8: Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary ......Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary Approach James Blackwell1, John Massie2 & Matt Collyer2 14Sight](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060811/608faf695b716f28c253b249/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
YOUR LOGO go to slide master to edit
Relative Concentrations - CHCs
PPSVA SVME 3
![Page 9: Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary ......Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary Approach James Blackwell1, John Massie2 & Matt Collyer2 14Sight](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060811/608faf695b716f28c253b249/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
YOUR LOGO go to slide master to edit
Indoor Air Assessment • IAQ and SVME 2 conducted at same time – direct
comparison.
• Combined passive personal and active static sampling methods used:
o Passive: Parallel use of Radiello TDT (RAD 145) and CS2
(RAD 130) types to have detection range from low
(environmental) to high (workplace) concentrations - 16
worn by Site workers across Site;
o Active: Use of 6 L vacuum cans - 18 fixed locations across
Site;
o All samplers deployed over 8-hr period, for each of 3 shifts.
o Outdoor ambient air background ‘control’ samples also
collected.
o Assessed against both environmental and Safe Work
Australia 8-hr TWA criteria.
Analysis of Indoor Air and Soil Vapour Samples - Images from Envirolab 2016
Radiello sampler and badge kit - Image from www.sigmaaldrich.com
Low and standard uptake rate Radiello diffusive bodies - Images from www.sigmaaldrich.com
![Page 10: Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary ......Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary Approach James Blackwell1, John Massie2 & Matt Collyer2 14Sight](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060811/608faf695b716f28c253b249/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
YOUR LOGO go to slide master to edit
Indoor Air Assessment • IAQ and SVME 2 conducted under ‘worst case’
conditions with high temp, decreasing pressure
and low rainfall (Lucky!).
• Results identified no exceedances of applicable
criteria for CHCs in indoor air, but known Site
chemicals were detected.
• Thought likely a result of building type, ventilation
and thick slabs.
Analysis of Indoor Air and Soil Vapour Samples - Images from Envirolab 2016
![Page 11: Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary ......Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary Approach James Blackwell1, John Massie2 & Matt Collyer2 14Sight](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060811/608faf695b716f28c253b249/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
YOUR LOGO go to slide master to edit
Outcomes & Conclusions • Rapid identification of significant SV
impacts at the Site in the PPSVA using WMS-LU at comparatively low cost.
• Quantitative results of PPSVA can be compared to criteria to allow initial assessment of potential risks.
• Allowed active SV assessment to target of key SV impact areas focus on delineation.
• Clear identification of SV impact/source areas, improved our early understanding of the CSM.
• Early identification of potential SV risks allowed prompt IAQ assessment of potential risks to Site users.
CSM Cross Section - Edge Group Pty Ltd 2016
CHCs IN GROUNDWATER
![Page 12: Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary ......Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary Approach James Blackwell1, John Massie2 & Matt Collyer2 14Sight](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060811/608faf695b716f28c253b249/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
YOUR LOGO go to slide master to edit
Outcomes & Conclusions • Development of new visualisation tools
for WMS-LU and collaboration with
SiREM and University of Waterloo.
• Refinement of approaches with
laboratory for data optimisation.
• Ascertained that while no apparent risk
to indoor air / Site workers; significant
sources of SV remain at the Site that will
require remediation.
• SV was not found to be accumulating in
sub-surface utility trenches / conduits –
does not eliminate them as a pathway
though.
CSM Cross Section - Edge Group Pty Ltd 2016
CHCs IN GROUNDWATER
![Page 13: Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary ......Passive & Active Soil Vapour Sampling - A Complementary Approach James Blackwell1, John Massie2 & Matt Collyer2 14Sight](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060811/608faf695b716f28c253b249/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
YOUR LOGO go to slide master to edit
Thanks
Any Questions?
Consultants – Australia and Canada
Laboratories – Australia Drillers – Australia
James Blackwell
Senior Land & Water Quality
Consultant
4Sight Consulting Limited