passivetransport 090810143312-phpapp01
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Cellular Transport
‘07 Biology
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2 Types:
PassiveNo energy!
ActiveEnergy!
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Passive TransportSubstances are allowed to cross the cell
membrane without any input of energyRemember: The cell membrane is
“selectively permeable”
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Types of Passive TransportDiffusionFacilitated DiffusionOsmosis
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DiffusionMovement of molecules from areas of
high concentration to lowHow does it work?“Kinetic energy” (energy in motion)Concentration gradient- caused by a
difference in concentrationDiffusion results in equilibrium (all
molecules occupy the same amount of space)
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Facilitated DiffusionSome molecules are helped across the
cell membrane by carrier proteinsNo energy is required in this process
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OsmosisThe diffusion of water across the
cell membraneThe direction of osmosis depends
on the concentration of solutes inside and outside the cell
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Osmosis (continued)Hypotonic- concentration of solutes
outside the cell is lower than the concentration inside
Hypertonic- concentration outside is higher than inside
Isotonic- concentrations inside and out are equal
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Direction of Osmosis
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Active TransportSometimes cells must move molecules
against the concentration gradientThis process requires energy (ATP)
and special protein “pumps”
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Sodium-Potassium PumpSpecial proteins within the membrane
that transport Na+ and K- ionsSome cells must have a higher
concentration of Na+ ions outside of the cell and a higher concentration of K- ions inside the cell
2 Potassiums are brought in for every 3 Sodiums removed
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Sodium-Potassium Pump
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Movement In VesiclesSome molecules are too big to be
transported across the cell membrane by passive and active transport
Endocytosis- “cell eating”Exocytosis- “cell pooping”
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EndocytosisProcess by which cells ingest
macromolecules, fluids, large particles and even other cells
These molecules are enclose in a bubble of membrane (vesicle) that pinches away from the cell membrane
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Endocytosis (continued)Pinocytosis- ingestion of small
particles and fluidPhagocytosis- ingestion of large
molecules or other cells
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ExocytosisProcess by which waste and large
particles are released from the cellA vesicle will fuse with the membrane,
releasing its contents into the extra cellular environment
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Endocytosis/Exocytosis
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