Passport to Egypt

Mrs. Slagle

Where Are We Going?

What Are We Going to See?

• Today, our class will be visiting ancient sites of pharaohs in Ancient Egypt

• What is a Pharaoh??

• A pharaoh is a king of ancient Egypt who had complete control over their people

• Temples were built in the pharaoh’s honor

Where it all began…Memphis

• Menes unites Upper and Lower Egypt

• Egypt’s first dynasty begins

• The city of Memphis is created

• Egypt is broken into two lands “Upper” and “Lower” Egypt

Old Kingdom

2686 BC – 2125 BC

Characterized by Peace and Trade

Our First Stop…What is Different About this

Pyramid?

The Step Pyramid at Djoser

• The earliest pyramid known is the Step Pyramid

• Unlike later pyramids, the Step Pyramid did not have smooth sides

• Egyptian kings were buried in pyramids during the Old Kingdom “The Pyramid Age”

Our Second StopDoes Anyone Know Where We Are?

The Famous Great Pyramid

• The largest structure in the world from when it was built in 2570 BC to 1300 AD!!!

• One of the Seven Wonders of the World

• Khufu’s Pyramid

Our Third Stop…

Great Sphinx

• Pharaoh Khafre “The face of the Sphinx”

• The Sphinx has come to be a symbol for ancient and modern Egypt

• Largest surviving sculpture from the ancient world and earliest colossal sculpture that Egyptians built

The Middle Kingdom

Characterized by irrigation systems and public works

2055 BC-1650 BC

The Middle Kingdom

• Turbulent times strike Egypt due to foreign invaders

• Egyptians fight back by constructing buildings

• Irrigation projects help revive the Nile River

The New Kingdom

Characterized by huge, powerful armies

1550 BC – 1069 BC

Entering ancient sites from the New Kingdom…Abu Simbel

Ramses II“The Great”

• Abu Simbel temple of Ramses II

• More statues of him than any other pharaoh, second longest reigning pharaoh

• Believed to have ruled Egypt for 66 years and 2 months

• Taller than many Egyptians at 5’7 and believed to be a red head

• “During his long reign of 67 years, everything was done on a grand scale. No other pharaoh constructed so many temples or erected so many colossal statues and obelisks. No other pharaoh sired so many children. Ramesses’ ‘victory’ over the Hittities at Kadesh was celebrated in one of the most repeated Egyptian texts ever put on record. By the time he died, aged more than 90, he had set his stamp indelibly on Egypt.”

- Peter Clayton, author of Chronicles of the Pharaohs

Next Stop…Hatshepsut’s Temple at Deir El-Bahri

Man or Woman?

Man or Woman??

Queen Hatshepsut1503-1482 B.C.

• Bold Leader who created great peace and economic success

• Great story-teller to appeal to the masses

• Dressed as a man to gain the approval of the public

• Was she mudered?

Next Stop…Festival Hall

Thutmose III… A Great Warrior1504-1450 BC

• One of the greatest pharaohs• Leads his army in war against Syria and

Phoenicia (located in Southwest Asia)• Treats those he defeated with mercy• Loved to study plants and loved the desert• Destroyed all of Queen Hatshepsut’s

statues

• The face we’ve come to known• Was he popular while alive?

King Tutakhanmen

• Became a pharaoh while he was still a child

• Died at around age 18• An archaeologist

discovered his tomb in 1922 and his funeral treasures have taught us a lot about Egypt

• King Tut’s tomb was the first tomb uncovered that contained many of the burial treasures still intact

King Tut brings us to our final stop…The Valley of the Kings

The Valley of the Kings• During the New Kingdom,

pharaohs began to build their tombs in the Valley of the Kings

• Tomb robbery became a problem and thieves raided tombs in search of gold

• King Tut’s tomb was found largely intact and apparently quickly buried deeply below the surface of the Valley of the Kings

Diagram of Valley of the Kings

Ancient Rulers Live On“The Mummy’s Curse”

• “Death shall come on swift wings to him that toucheth the tomb of a Pharaoh”

• This quote is imaginary inscription supposedly on the tomb of King Tut

• On April 5, 1923 Lord Carnarvon, who had financed the excavcation of King Tut died shortly after

• Is there a curse???• Should pharaoh’s tombs be uncovered??