English grammar. Past

Made by Bogomaz N, Inozemtzev D. and

Alexeeva A. ЛБ1-11-40,КОБ1-09-01

Aspects of past time

• Past simple• Past progressive• Past perfect• Past perfect progressive

Verbs

Regular and irregular

Spelling of endings –ed

Forming of the past simple

Affirmation Negation Question

RegularSubject +

Ved

I loved.

Subject + didn’t* +

V1

I didn’t love.

I didn’t feel.

Did + subject +

V1

Did you love?

Did you feel?

IrregularSubject +

V2

I felt.

* didn’t = did not

Using of the past simpleFor • actions which happened at a definite or stated time in

the past.e.g. They graduated four years ago.

• actions which happened repeatedly in the past but don’t happen any more.e.g. He often played football with his dad when he was five.

• actions which happened immediately one after the other in the past.e.g. He left the hotel, took a taxi and drove to the station.

• talking about people who are no longer alive.e.g. Princess Diana visited a lot of schools.

Using of used to

• To talk about past habits or things that do not happen any more.Peter used to eat a lot of sweets.

• We can use the past simple instead of used to with no difference in meaning.She used to live in the countryside.= She lived in the countryside.

Forming of the past progressive

Affirmation Negation Question

I, he, she, it

Subject + was + Ving

I was studying.

Subject + wasn’t* + Ving

I wasn’t studying.

Was + subject + Ving

Was he studying?

We, you, they

Subject + were + Ving

We were studying.

Subject + weren’t* + Ving

We weren’t studying.

Were + subject + Ving

Were we studying?

* wasn’t = was not* weren’t = were not

Using of the past progressiveFor • actions which were in progress at a stated time in the past.

e.g. Yesterday afternoon they were washing the dog.• past actions which were in progress, when another action

interrupted it.e.g. He was reading a newspaper when his wife came.

• two or more actions which were happening at the same time in the past.e.g. The people were watching while the cowboy was riding the bull.

• giving the background information in a story.e.g.The sun was shining and the birds were singing.

Forming of the past perfect

Affirmation Negation Question

Regular

Subject +had + Ved

I had finished.

Subject + hadn’t* +

Ved

I hadn’t finished.

Had + subject +

Ved

Had you finished?

IrregularSubject + had

+ V2

I had left.

Subject + hadn’t* + V2

I hadn’t left.

Had + subject + V2

Had you left?

* hadn’t = had not

Using of the past perfectFor • an action which happened in the past before

another action.e.g.They had done their homework before they went out to play.

• an action which happened before a stated time in the past.e.g. She had watered all the flowers by five o’clock in the afternoon.

• the past equivalent of the present perfect.e.g. Jill wasn’t at home. She had gone out.Jill isn’t at home. She has gone out.

Forming of the past perfect progressive

Affirmation Negation Question

Subject + had been +

Ving

I had been studying.

Subject + hadn’t* been

+ Ving

I hadn’t been studying.

Had + subject +

been + Ving

Had you been

studying?* hadn’t = had not

Using of the past perfect progressive

For• putting emphasis on the duration of an

action which started and finished in the past.e.g. He had been waiting for the bus for half an hour before it came.

• showing the result of an action which happened in the past for some time was evident in the past.e.g. She was tired. She had been working hard all day.

Сheck yourself

• http://www.native-english.ru/exercises/past• http://english-4life.com.ua/uprajnenie/contin

uea9.html• http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exe

rcise-english-2/exercise-english-64718.php• http://www.eslgold.com/grammar/simple_pas

t.html• http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_li

st/zeitformen.htm

Resource• Jenny Dooley, Virginia Evans. Grammarway2 (with

answers)//Express Publishing. 2000.