pasta & sustainability ruini pasta and... · fertilizer production ... • carbon footprint: it...

Pasta & SustainabilityLuca F. Ruini

IstanbulOctober 25th 2013

HSE & Energy Director - BCFN Expert

2

THE GLOBAL PARADOXES ON FOOD AND NUTRITION

Source: BCFN elaboration based on OECD/FAO 2011; WHO 2010; GLOBAL FOOTPRINT NETWORK 2012

BCFN Sustainable Diets

CSR Targets& Projects

Sustainable DurumWheat Cultivation

Barilla EPDProcess System

4www.barillacfn.com

A Sustainable Diet Proposal in line with the Mediterranean Diet

2010 2011 2012 2013

BCFN Double Pyramid Papers

Starting point:Mediterranean Diet Nutrition Pyramid

Source: Ministry for Health of Italy Source: Oldways (www.oldwayspt.org)

Life Cycle Assessment Footprints

Global m2 per kg or Litre of food

Litre per kg or Litre of food

gCO2-eq per kg or Litre of food

Carbon Footprint

Water Footprint

Ecological Footprint

Environmental Pyramid: Water Footprint

Environmental Pyramid : Carbon Footprint

Environmental Pyramid : Ecological Footprint

2013 BCFN Double Pyramid for ADULTS

LCA Chef Tool developed

Environmental impact of different dietary habit

- 1/3

And.. is a sustainable Dietmore expensive?

Normally not!

Barilla Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) Process

System

1. Quick, Simple and Reliable analysis

2. Verified and Certified Results

Life Cycle Assessment Footprints

Global m2 per kg or Litre of food

Litre per kg or Litre of food

gCO2-eq per kg or Litre of food

Carbon Footprint

Water Footprint


THE LCA EVALUATES A COMPLEX MODEL

LCA model of the pasta production and contribution to CO2 emissions

DURUMWHEAT

CULTIVATION

PRODUCT TRANSPORT

PASTAPLANTS

PACKAGINGMATERIALS

MILL PROCESS

NATURAL GASEXTRACTION

DURUMWHEAT SOIL

MANAGEMENT

Durum wheatcrop

FERTILIZERPRODUCTION

Barilla EPD Process System

Durum wheat pasta Lifecycle Assessment (LCA)

Supply Chain Actions driven by LCA : Pasta example

FROM LCA TO ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS

Barilla Packaging Waste Labeling system

Paper

Plastic

Glass

Not YET recyclable!

Metal

Sustainable

High Quality Durum Wheat

Cultivation Project

1) Identify in the different area sustainable alternative cropping

systems for the cultivation of durum wheat;

2) Analyze and evaluate the characteristics of cropping systems

identified;

3) Validate the alternative cropping systems with in-field

experimentations

4) Integrate the Barilla’s Cultivation Disciplinary (Decalogue)

5) Use a web based Farmers Decision Supporting System (DSS)

AIM OF THE PROJECT ABOUT DURUM WHEAT PROJECT

Sustainable Durum Wheat Cultivation

29

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INDICATORS USED

Durum wheat cultivation

• CARBON FOOTPRINT: it represents the total amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) produced

to directly and indirectly support human activities, usually expressed in equivalent tons of CO2 with

the relative indicator, commonly called “global warming potential”.

• WATER FOOTPRINT: it measures the water consumption of a system in terms of water

volumes consumed because of the processes, the irrigation, the natural evaporation by plants and/or

that polluted, per unit of time.

• ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT: is a measure of how much biologically productive land and

water an individual, population or activity requires to produce all the resources it consumes and to

absorb the waste it generates using prevailing technology and resource management practices. It is

measured in global hectares (gha).

• ECONOMICS INDICATORS: represented by the direct costs of cultivation (cultivation

operations + technical tools), the gross marketable production (GPS), updated to the price lists of 17

November 2009, and the gross income (GI), i.e. the difference between direct costs of cultivation and

GPS. (In the GPS are not considered coupled and uncoupled aid )

• NITROGEN INDEX: measurement of nitrogen availability determined by the previous crop

residue, by the contribution of chemical fertilizers and the time required to biologically degrade the

organic substance of the preceding crop;

• DON INDEX: this index expresses the cultivation safety aspects related to the possibility of

reducing pathology occurrence due to the deoxynivalenol mycotoxin (DON).

Lombardia, Veneto and Friuli(PLV)

Cultivation

Maize Maize (3 years) – Durum wheat

Diversified Soybean – Durum wheat – Millet - Maize

Emilia Romagna (RER) Cultivation

Cereals Maize – Durum wheat – Millet - Wheat

Industrial Soybean – Durum wheat- Maize – Wheat

Horticultural Tomato – Durum wheat - Maize – Wheat

Marche and Toscana Cultivation

Cereals Durum wheat (3 years) – Millet

Proteic Proteic pea (2 years) - Durum wheat (2 years)

Alfa alfa Alfa alfa (3 years) – Durum wheat

Industrial Rapeseed – Durum wheat – Sunflower – Durum wheat

Crop System analysed

Tillage Sowing Fertilization Pesticides HarvestingYield

System Boundaries

VariablesPuglia, Basilicata and Sicilia Cultivation

One crop Durum wheat (4 years)

Fodder Durum wheat (2 years) – Oat and vetch (2 years)

Horticultural Tomato – Durum wheat - Tomato – Durum wheat

Check pea Chick pea (2 years) – Durum wheat (2 years)

CROP SYSTEM ANALYSIS


• Crop system: species used within the croprotations

• Agricultural “in-field” activities• Fertilizers use• Regional climatic situation

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INDICATORS USED


• CARBON FOOTPRINT: it represents the total amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) produced

to directly and indirectly support human activities, usually expressed in equivalent tons of CO2 with

the relative indicator, commonly called “global warming potential”.

• WATER FOOTPRINT: it measures the water consumption of a system in terms of water

volumes consumed because of the processes, the irrigation, the natural evaporation by plants and/or

that polluted, per unit of time.

• ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT: is a measure of how much biologically productive land and

water an individual, population or activity requires to produce all the resources it consumes and to

absorb the waste it generates using prevailing technology and resource management practices. It is

measured in global hectares (gha).

• ECONOMICS INDICATORS: represented by the direct costs of cultivation (cultivation

operations + technical tools), the gross marketable production (GPS), updated to the price lists of 17

November 2009, and the gross income (GI), i.e. the difference between direct costs of cultivation and

GPS. (In the GPS are not considered coupled and uncoupled aid )

• NITROGEN INDEX: measurement of nitrogen availability determined by the previous crop

residue, by the contribution of chemical fertilizers and the time required to biologically degrade the

organic substance of the preceding crop;

• DON INDEX: this index expresses the cultivation safety aspects related to the possibility of

reducing pathology occurrence due to the deoxynivalenol mycotoxin (DON).

32

Sustainable Durum wheat cultivation

Carbon footprint (tCO2/t grains)

0,00

0,10

0,20

0,30

0,40

0,50

0,60

0,70

0,80

Cerea

licolo

Fora

ggio

Indust

riale

Prote

ico

Cerea

licolo

Indust

riale

Ort

icolo

indu

stria

le

Indust

riale

Mai

dicolo

Cerea

licolo

Fora

ggio

Ort

icolo

indu

stria

le

Prote

ico

Carbon Footprint (t CO2/t granella)

Marche/Toscana Emilia Romagna Puglia/Basilicata/Sicilia

PianuraLombardo Veneto.

Carbon Footprint (t Co2 / t durum wheat semolina)

- 310 kg Co2 / t



0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

120,0

140,0

160,0

180,0

Cere

alico

lo

Fora

ggio

Indu

stria

le

Prot

eico

Cere

alico

lo

Indu

stria

le

Ortico

loin

dust

riale

Indu

stria

le

Maidi

colo

Cere

alico

lo

Fora

ggio

Ortico

loin

dust

riale

Prot

eico

Reddito lordo (€/t)Net Income (€ / t durum wheat semolina)> 100 € / t

33


Carbon footprint (tCO2/t grains)

Nitrogen Index (kg of grains/kg of N)

0,00

0,10

0,20

0,30

0,40

0,50

0,60

0,70

0,80

Cerea

licolo

Fora

ggio

Indust

riale

Prote

ico

Cerea

licolo

Indust

riale

Ort

icolo

indu

stria

le

Indust

riale

Mai

dicolo

Cerea

licolo

Fora

ggio

Ort

icolo

indu

stria

le

Prote

ico

Carbon Footprint (t CO2/t granella)

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

60,0

70,0

Cerea

licolo

Fora

ggio

Indu

stria

le

Prote

ico

Cere

alicolo

Indust

riale

Ortico

loin

dust

riale

Indust

riale

Maidic

olo

Cerea

licolo

Fora

ggio

Ortico

loin

dust

riale

Prote

ico

Efficienza utilizzo azoto (kg granella/kg azoto)



Carbon Footprint (t Co2 / t durum wheat semolina)

Nitrogen Indicator (kg durum wheat semolina/ kg N)

- 310 kg Co2 / t

34

Italian Farmers Handbook

Adopting old-well known (but not still applied)

agricultural practice

is good for farmers, soil & environment !

DSS

35

Second Part of the Project“Durum wheat: Cropping System Sustainability in Italy 2011-2012”


The second part of the project consists in in-

field experimentation, comparing sustainable

and traditional cropping systems.

Now we are in the go-live phase

2011-12: In-field testing with >25 farmers

2013-14: Go-live year: >50.000 t expected

Barilla Sustainable Farming Project

2011 2012 2013 2014

Farmers test 25 100 500

Durum 10kt 50kt

-36% Co2eq- 100 €/ha

Study resultsconfirmed

Country Cereal Technical Partner

Italy Durum wheat Horta

Germany Soft wheat LFL - Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture

Greece Durum wheat University of Thessaly

France Soft wheat, durum wheat Axereal

Turkey Durum wheat Harran University

Sweden Rye Lantmannen

Canada Durum wheat CWB

USA Durum wheat Sustainability Consortium (tbc)

Durum Wheat in Italy

2013 www projects

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Turkish Durum Wheat Sustainable Project

Already doneIn cooperation of Harran University already collected

data and information about the most common agro-

tecniques utilized in South East Turkish Area.

Next steps1. In cooperation Harran University to identify more

sustainable agro-tecniques and organizing

experimental fields.

2. Cooperation with the local Agrogov Farmers

Association (S. Urfa)

3. Arrange experimental trial involving several farms in

the region.

Action:Sourcing of 20.000 t of durumwheat from South Italy cultivationwith proper field rotation thanfrom US

AlamoSouth West USA

AureoMiddle Italy

Aureo Durum Wheat: from US Desert to Italy without blue waterlit

er/k

g

Green Water:Evapotraspiration

Blue Water:Irrigation

AureoMiddle Italy

AlamoSouth-west USA - 35 million m3 Blue Water

-1.000 t of CO2 eq (duetransports)

Aureo Durum Wheat 35 million m3 blue water saved (2011)

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Total Water Footprintreduction: 50 litresper kg of Durum

Wheat

848 litres of Blue Watersaved per kg of Aureo

wheat cultivated in MiddleItaly

Pasta & SustainabilityMed Diet sustainable consumption

Sustainable costPasta Sustainable production

Sustainable Durum Wheat cultivationLonger shelf life, lower food waste

[email protected]

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