patent map
TRANSCRIPT
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non-Diagnostic
AntibodiesPatent Map
[email protected]/pub/werner-deichmann-juan/33/674/526/
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Index
Subject Page
Introduction 3
IPC classification network 4
Interpretation of the network 4
Antibody technologies. Patenting trends 6
Most prolific companies by technological classification.
Most relevant patents by company. Tag clouds 8
R&D and Patenting Opportunities (White space study) 16
Patents pointing to other possible antibody uses 18
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Introduction
Rationale of the Patent landscapeThepresentlandscapeillustratesthedifferenttechnologicaltrendsleadingthefiledofnondiagnosticantibodies.ThetechnologicalfieldsdescribedarethosecorrespondingtotheIPCcodeunder
whichthepatentsareclassified.
Assessment of future trendsWhenconsideringthetrendsinwhichantibodyapplicationsmightdevelopeoneofthebestpossibleoptionsistofollowtheexampleofAlanTuringwhen,inordertoimaginehowcomputingmightevolve,hedescribedbackinthe1930'swhatacomputerwithinfinitememoryandcomputingpowercoulddodefinig,thatway,theprinciplesofArtificialIntelligence.Ifoneimaginewhatcouldbedoneifproducingantibodies(alsoscFv,sdAbotherkindofnanobodiesorevenaptamers)wascheapandthemethodsalmostperfectlyreliable,
theapplicationsthatantibodieswouldhaveare,verypossibly,thetrendsinwhichtheindustrywillevolve.Therewillbe,ofcourse,intheforeseablefuture,limitationsliketheneedofusingnanotechnologicaltoolsthatwillkeephavinganimpactinthepriceandoutputcapabilities.Thoselimitationsbeingconsidered,theimaginationofthementionedutopyshouldgoasfaraspossibletopreviewtheevolutionofthementionedtrends.
DisclaimerThepresentpatentlandscapehasbeenellaboratedtoaidtheR&Dteamintheassessmentofthepatentingandcommercialpossibilitiesofapotentialproduct.A
scientificteamthatisworkingonaproductthatcanbepositionedinacrowdedpatentingfieldwillhavefewerpossibilitiesofissuingapatentwithbroadclaimsandwillveryprobablyhavetofacemorecompetencefromotherproductsinthemarket.Iftheproduct,ontheotherhand,findsitselfinafieldfarremovedfromthecrowdedpatentingareasthepossibilityofissuingapatentwithbroadclaimsortheproductbeingacommercialbreakthrougharemuchhigher.Atlast,thereaderofthispatentlandscapeshouldnotconsideronlywhatisknowup-todatewhendecidingtheR&Ddirectiontotakebutconsiderhowtheentirefieldcouldevolveinthenearfuture.
Non diagnostic antibodies (Search Methodology)ThepatentsexaminedwereobtainedfromtheGlobalPatent IndexpatentsearchenginethatcontainsalltheworldregistersavailabletoEPO,usingsearchcriteriadesigned to obtain patents concerning therapeutic antibodies, mostly unrelated todiagnosis.Thesearchgaveup57765documents(20ofMay2014)
WORD=(antibod*AND(target*ORtherap*ORimmunothera*ORimmunoconju*ORautoim*ORcancer*ORtumo*ORneopla*ORleuke*orbloodORderma*ORrheuma*ORarthr*ORdiseas*)ANDNOT(diagno*ORELISAORscreen*))ANDPRD>20010101
Tag CloudsTheabstractsofthepatentdocumentsareanalyzed,termfrequenciesarecomputedandacolorisassignedtoeachterm,basedontheassignedtag.FinallytheTagCloudisusedtovisualizethemostfrequentterms.ThealgorythmhasbeenadaptedfromtheKNIMEwokwflow"GeneandProteinTagCloudExample"
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IPC classification networkIn theoppositepageaNetworkmapofthe IPC technologyclassificationcodesassignedtopatentsisshwon.PatentshaveasignedIPCcodesexplainingwhatkindoftechnologyisbeingpatented.Usually amain code is folowed by additional codes that define other possibletechnologiesunderwhichtheinventioncanbeclassified.
Whatisrepresentedinthegraphicofpage3isthecoincidences(lines)oftwocodesinonepatent,orasinthiscase,duetothelargeamountofpatentsstudied,eachlinerepresentsthattwocodescoincide,atleast,700times(apattentcanhave10,30ormoreclassifications,allofthosewiththesame4lettercodewillbecountedascoincidences,thereforealineisnot700patents)
Interpretation of the networkHeart of the network(wheremostinventionsandrelationsbetweentechnologiesarefound)Thefollowingpiereflectsthetechnologyshareofthemajorityofpatents,many,lessfrequentclassificationshavebeenleftoutwhencalculatingthefrequencies
A61K-Medicalpreparationsfortreatingdiseases,speciallycancer,tumors,targetedantibodies,humanizedantibodies,vaccines,Immunotherapy,etc.A61P-SpecifictherapeuticactivitiesC12N - Antibody compositions, conjugated antibodies, antibody-like proteins andpolypeptides,targetedantibodies,...G01N-Measuring,testing.Immunoassays,C07K-Antibody-likepeptides,antigens,bindingfactors,...C07H-NucleotidscodingantibodiesA01K-Humanizedanimals(presentinghumanantigens),animalsproducingantibodies,
chimeric,humanized,etc.,monoclonalantibodies..C07D-antibodies,antibodyconjugates,improvedantibodies,compositionsC12P-SynthesisofantibodiesC12Q-Measuringor testing thepresenceofantibodies,antigens, imaging, bloodanalysiskits.
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Network peripheryA61JAdministrationofantibodiestopatientsC40B Use of antibody libraries in immunoassays, in elaboration of microarrays,targetinganddetectingepitopes.A01HProductionofantibodiesinPlantsA01NMedicaltreatmentsB01JProcessesthatuseantibodies(Bloodclearing,antibodypurification)A23K Anti-carcinogenic food supplements, delivery of diseases through food tolaboratoryanimals,orallydeliveredvaccines,etc.A61MClearingbloodfrompatogens,antigens,viruses,etcA61LMedicaldevicesforisolation,methodsoffixingantibodiestomedicaldevicesA61BDiagnosis,measuring,devicesintroducedintothebody
C12MApparatusesforimmunoassay,microarrayanalysis,cellseparatingdevicesB01LMedicaldevicesfordetectionofantigensinfood,blood,etc.C07CAntibodyactivatingorinhibitingcompunds,therapeuticantigens
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Antibody technologies. Patenting trendsThefollwingpagesowhsaparallelcoordinategraphicrepresentingthepatentingtrendsofthemostusedIPCclassificationsfornon-diagnosticantibodies.The descending trend in patenting is mostly due to the time required by thepatentingprocessestoeitherpublishtheapplication,usually18monthsfromfiling,oritsmultiplicationinseveralnationalpatentsaboutto31monthsaftertheoriginal
applicationwasfiled).Thatmeansthatasweapproachtheactualdate(June2014inthecaseofthisreport)thenumberofpatentsisincreasinglyunderrepresented.Takingthatintoaccount,thefollowinggraphicshowsacleardescentoftheuseofA61Kclassifications,thatisaverygeneraldefinitionofmedicalpreparations,ariseofC07K,speciallytheC07K16familythatcodesforImmunoglobulins(Igs)andthemaintenanceinhighpositionoftheothermorespecifictechnologies.Thetechnologicalevolutionofantibodypatentssuggestatrendtoissuepatentswithnarrowerclaims.
Most prolific IPC classifications (complete code)
Theselectionofsubclassificationsismadebyeleboratingacorrelationtableofthemostusedcodes(fourlettercodeinthecolumnnames)andtheirmostfrequentassociatedclassifications.Thefirstrowisnamed0becauseoftenpatentsareclassifiedusingjustonemaincodeandnoadditionals, the following rowsshowthemostfrequentadditionalIPCcodesassociatedtothemaincodeshowascolumnname.
A61K-Medicalpreparationsfortreatingdiseases,speciallycancer,tumors,targetedantibodies,humanizedantibodies,vaccines,Immunotherapy,etc.
Themostprolificofthemaincodesis,unsurprisingly,A61K39/395Antibodies,ImmunoglobulinsandImmuneserum
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Most prolific companies by technological classification.Most relevant patents by company
A61K - Medical preparationsInthefollowinglistthemostfrequenttwoIPCcodecoincidencesareillustratedwithpatentsthathavebeenselectedfirstbetweenthemostprolificapplicantsandsecondbymostcitedpatentsoftheapplicant'sportfolio(Espacentet"citingdocuments"count)
A61K 39/395 + A61P(Specific therapeutic activities) 35/00
US8088378B2,Genentech.Anti-CD79BAntibodiesandImmunoconjugatesandMethodsofUse
US201013603,GenentechAntagonistOX40antibodiesand theiruse inthe treatment of inflammatory andautoimmunediseases
US2005053602GenentechTherapyofoculardisorders
WO9219759CHUGAIPHARMACEUTICAL(Japan)
Reconstitutedhumanantibodyagainsthumaninterleukin6receptor
WO2004022597CHUGAIPHARMACEUTICAL(Japan)Anti-glypican3antibody
WO9813388CHUGAIPHARMACEUTICALAntigen-bindingmolecule capable of binding to two or more antigenmoleculesrepeatedly
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Medical Preparations Tag Cloud
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WO2007109052GenentechMethodsoftreatinglupususingCD4antibodies
WO2004052932NovartisNogoAbindingmoleculesandpharmaceuticalusethereof
WO2009047356NovartisCompositionsandmethodsforuseforantibodiesagainstsclerostin
KR20120107147Novartis-ChironM-CSF-specificmonoclonalantibodyandusesthereof
WO2008155365NovartisMethodsandcompositionsfortreatingallergicdiseases
WO2005058815MedarexIP-10antibodiesandtheiruses
A61K 39/395 + C07K - The Immunoglobulin coding family: Either C07K 16/24(Immunoglobulinsagainstcytokines,lymphokinesorinterferons)C07K16/28(Igsagainstreceptors,cellsurfaceantigens)orC07K16/30(Igsfromtumourcells)Genetechhasagainthehighestcount,however,almostallarecodedalsoasA61P
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The Immunoglobulin coding family Tag Cloud
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G01N - Measuring, testing. ImmunoassaysThefollowingtablehasbeenellaboratedbystudyingpatentswhicharecodedunderG01NanddonotcontainthecodeA61K39/395
US2008050310GenentechAntibodiesandimmunoconjugatesandusestherefor
WO2004042009Genentech
Inhibitionofil-17production
WO2004008099Genentech&HoffmannLaRocheMethods for identifying tumors that are responsive to treatment with anti-ErbB2antibodies
US7579157HoffmannLaRocheTargetedtherapeuticsbasedonengineeredproteinsfortyrosinekinasesreceptors,includingIGF-IR
WO2006066912HoffmannLaRocheDetectionofatherapeuticantibodyinanexperimentalanimal
US2006063190TripathImagingMethodsandcompositionsforevaluatingbreastcancerprognosis
WO2005095964TripathImagingMethodsandcompositionsforthedetectionofcervicaldisease
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Measuring, testing. Immunoassays Tag Cloud
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C12N - Antibody compositions, conjugated antibodies, antibody-like proteins andpolypeptides, targeted antibodies,...ThefollowingtablehasbeenellaboratedbystudyingpatentswhicharecodedunderC12NanddonotcontainthecodeA61K39/395
WO2004009124CytosBiotechnologyAGGHRELIN-carrierconjugates(Ghrelinisbetterknowasthe"hungerhormone"
WO2002056907CytosBiotechnologyAGMolecularantigenarraypresentingamyloidbeta
WO2006015371GenentechHumanizedanti-cmetantagonists
WO2010077634GenentechAnti-PD-L1antibodiesandtheirusetoenhanceT-cellfunction
WO2008134659ZymogeneticsIncAntagoniststoIL-17A,IL-17F,andIL-23P19andmethodsofuse
WO0200721ZymogeneticsIncCytokinereceptorzcytor17
US8557242TheScrippsResearchInstituteERBB2antibodiescomprisingmodularrecognitiondomains
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Antibody compositions, conjugated antibodies, antibody-like proteins and polypeptides,targeted antibodiesTag Cloud
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R&D and Patenting Opportunities (White space study)Thisstudyisdesignedtofindnewdevelopmentopportunitiesforantibodyapplications,therapeuticornotandnotdirectlyrelatedtodiagnostics.ThestrategytofindopportunitieshasbeentocomparethealreadyshownIPCnetworkfornon-diagnosticantibodieswithanIPCnewtworkofnon-diagnosticbindingnanoparticles.Thesearchperformedhadthefollowingsynthax
WORD=((micro*ORnano*ORparticleORcompoundorchemic*)AND(specif*ORexclusi*ortarget*)+1w(bind*ORunit*ORunionORjoin*))ANDNOT(diagno*ORELISAORscreen*ORantibod*ORimmunoglobu*ORimmunoconj*)
Theactualsearchgaveup5035patenddocuments.Thegreatlyinferiornumber(a9%oftheprevioussearch)obligedtolowerthenumberofrelationsexpressedbytheconnectinglinesfrom700intheoriginalgraphicto20
Comparative of the two network graphicsTheevolutionofthepatentclassificationsshowthatmostofthetechnologies
patentedarethesameasshownintheantibodiesgraphic(page7).Asitcanbeseeninthefollowingpage,bothnetworkssharealmostthesamecenterIPC's(themostfrequent),thataretheonesrelatedtoantibodies.WiththeexceptionofthetwocentricB82BandB22Fthedifferencesareintheperypheryofthenetwork.AfarconnectionbetweenC23C(Coatingmetallicmaterial)andH05B(Electricheating)hasbeenmarkedinspiteofthesmallnumberofpatentsfoundandthatthesubjectisbarelyrelatedtoantibodies,andtherelationwon'tbeanalyzedindetail.ThisstudywillanalyzethefollowingIPCclassifications
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Network differencesB82BNanostructuresmadebyatomicormolecularmanipulationB22FMetallicpowderandarticlesmanufacturedwithitB05DApplyingfluidstosurfacesB01DSeparationprocessB03Cmagneticseparation
G06FDataprocessingH01LSemiconductordevicesG01RMeasuringelectricalormagneticvariables
ThefollowingGraphicpresentsasmallerversionoftheantibodynetworkinordertocompareittotheIPC-networkofnon-diagnosticantibodies.ThecentralpositionofidenticalIPCclassificationsisemphasized.TheIPC'sthathavebeenfoundtobeclosetothecenterinthesecondnetworkandarenotpresentintheantibodynetworkaresurroundedbycircles
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Outstanding differences. Patents pointing to other possible antibody uses
ThepatentsrelatedtoeachIPCclassmightbemostlyrelatedtothefieldofbiotechnology,orinahighnumberinwhichcasseonlythosewitharemostcitatedwillbedescribed(Mostcited)orpoorlyrelated/insmallnumbersinwhichcasesthemostrelevantwillbedescribed(mostrelevant)
B82B Nano structures made by atomic or molecular manipulation(Mostcited)Mostlynano-particlesconjugatedtobindingmoleculesandfluorescentcompoundsormicro-arraususedfordiagnosticsordetection
US2006246524NanoparticleconjugatesConjugatecompositionsaredisclosedthatincludeaspecific-bindingmoietycovalentlycoupledtoananoparticlethroughaheterobifunctionalpolyalkyleneglycollinker.Inoneembodiment,aconjugatesisprovidedthatincludesaspecific-bindingmoietyandafluorescentnanoparticlecoupledbyaheterobifunctionalPEGlinker.
Fluorescentconjugatesaccordingtothedisclosurecanprovideexceptionallyintenseandstablesignalsforimmunohistochemicalandinsituhybridizationassaysontissuesectionsandcytologysamples,andenablemultiplexingofsuchassays
US2002177143Non-alloyingcoreshellnanoparticlesThepresentinventionrelatescompositecore/shellnanoparticlesandatwo-stepmethodfortheirpreparation.Thepresentinventionfurtherrelatestobiomolecule-core/shellnanoparticleconjugatesandmethodsfortheirpreparation.Theinventionalsorelatestomethodsofdetectionofbiomoleculescomprisingthebiomoleculeor
specificbindingsubstance-core/shellnanoparticleconjugates.
WO03029431NanoscalingorderingofhybridmaterialsusinggeneticallyengineeredmesoscalevirusMethodsforproducingnanocrystalsofsemiconductormaterialthathavespecificcrystallographicfeaturessuchasphaseandalignmentbyusingaself-assemblingbiologicalmoleculethathasbeenmodifiedtopossessanaminoacidoligomerthatiscapableofspecificbindingtosemi-conductormaterial.Oneformofthepresentinventionisamethodtoconstructorderednanoparticleswithintheliquidcrystaloftheself-assemblingbiologicalmolecule.
WO0244725BioanalyticalassayNanoparticlecomprisingaspecificbindingreactant,saidnanoparticlebeingusefulfordeterminingananalytetowhichanalyteorcomplexcomprisingsaidanalytesaidbindingreactantisspecific.
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B22F Metallic powder and articles manufactured with it(mostrelevant)
WO2004003508MagneticnanomaterialsandmethodsfordetectionofbiologicalmaterialsBiologicalmaterialinasampleisreactedwithanovelfunctionalizedsuperparamagneticFe/Aunanoparticlethatspecificallybindstothebiologicalmaterial
insolutiontoproduceamagneticparticle/biologicalmaterialcomplex.Thebiologicalmaterialisdetecteduponapplicationofanexternalmagneticfieldwhichseparatesthemagneticboundcomplexfromothercomponentsofthereactionmixture
US2005064508PeptidemediatedsynthesisofmetallicandmagneticmaterialsThepresentinventionincludesmethodsforproducingmagneticnanocrystalsbyusingabiologicalmoleculethathasbeenmodifiedtopossessanaminoacidoligomerthatiscapableofspecificbindingtoamagneticmaterial.
US2005074551
EthyleneglycolmonolayerprotectednanoparticlesMetallicnanoparticlescoatedwithamixedmonolayerwithwelldefinedthicknessorlengthareprepared.Themixedmonolayercomprisesacapturecoatingcomponentusefulforthespecificcaptureofmaterialsandashieldingcoatingcomponentforeliminationofnon-specificbindingofmaterialstothecapturecomponent
US2002177143Non-alloyingcoreshellnanoparticlesThepresentinventionrelatescompositecore/shellnanoparticlesandatwo-stepmethodfortheirpreparation.Thepresentinventionfurtherrelatestobiomolecule-
core/shellnanoparticleconjugatesandmethodsfortheirpreparation.Theinventionalsorelatestomethodsofdetectionofbiomoleculescomprisingthebiomoleculeorspecificbindingsubstance-core/shellnanoparticleconjugates
B05D Applying fluids to surfaces(mostrelevant)
US7709047TargetactivatedmicrotransferAmethodofremovingatargetfromabiologicalsamplewhichinvolvesplacingatransfersurfaceincontactwiththebiologicalsample,andthenfocallyaltering
thetransfersurfacetoallowselectiveseparationofthetargetfromthebiologicalsample
WO03026590BiologicalcontrolofnanoparticlesCompositionsandmethodsforselectivebindingofaminoacidoligomerstosemiconductorandelementalcarbon-containingmaterials
US2009141376Surfaceplasmonresonancecompatiblecarbonthinfilms
SPR-compatiblesubstratesforhighdensitymicroarrayfabricationandanalysesareprovided.Novelcarbon-on-metalthinfilmsubstratearchitecturepermitstheintegrationofsurfaceplasmonresonancedetectionwithphotolithographicallyfabricatedbiomoleculearraysfortheanalysisofbiomolecularinteractions.Theutilityofthe
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technologyisshownintheanalysisofspecificDNA-DNA,DNA-RNAandDNA-proteinbindinginteractions.ThesenewsubstratesmaybeusedtodeterminethesecondarystructureofRNAmolecules,toprobethesequence-specificbindingkineticsandaffinityofproteinsandsmallmolecules,andassubstratesforsmall-moleculecombinatorialchemistryplatformsfordrugdiscoveryapplications.
B01D Separation process(Mostrelevant.MostlyChromatography)
US2005205489PrefiltersystemforbiologicalsystemsThepresentinventionistoaprefilterforpurificationsystemssuchasaffinitychromatographycolumnsandultrafiltrationsystems.Theprefilter,positionedupstreamofthesysteminlet,reducesthepresenceofnon-specificbinding(NSB)speciesthatenterthesystem...
WO2008051985
METHODFORSEPARATIONANDIDENTIFICATIONOFBIOMOLECULESUSINGUNCONVENTIONALGELELECTROPHORESISANDDETECTIONOFSINGLENANOPARTICLEPROBESThemethodinvolvescontactingasamplewithananoparticleprobethatiscapableofspecificallybindingatargetbiomolecule.Thecomplexformedbythenanoparticletargetbiomoleculeisseparatedbyelectrophoresisusinganon-conventionalgelcomposedofasyntheticallycross-linkedpolymerandagelstabilizer.
WO2009058432SAMPLEPREPARATIONDEVICE
Asamplepreparationdeviceisdisclosed.Thesamplepreparationdeviceincludesahousingdefiningapassagewaybetweenafirstopeningandasecondopening;andasamplefilteroccupyingasectionofsaidpassageway.Thesamplefiltercontainsamonolithadsorbentthatspecificallybindstonucleicacids.
B03C Magnetic separation(Mostrelevant)
US2004086885
MagneticnanomaterialsandmethodsfordetectionofbiologicalmaterialsBiologicalmaterialinasampleisreactedwithanovelfunctionalizedsuperparamagneticFe/Aunanoparticlethatspecificallybindstothebiologicalmaterialtoproduceamagneticparticle/biologicalmaterialcomplex.Amagneticfieldseparatesthemagneticboundcomplex.
US2006141450MagnetismbasedrapidcellseparationThisinventionrelatesgenerallytothefieldof.Inparticular,theinventionprovidesprocessesandkitsforisolatingatargetcell,cellularorganelleorvirusfromasample,usinginteralia,non-orlow-specificbindingbetweenatargetcell,cellular
organelleorviruswithamagneticmicrobead.
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G06F Data processing(Mostcited)
US2003158380Modularpeptide-basedreagentTheinventionprovidesstablepeptidebackbonesintowhichoneorinteractivedomainsmaybeincorporated.Suchinteractivedomainsmaybespecificbinding
domains,inhibitordomains,linkers,labels,solidsupports,reactivesites,catalyticsites,usefulchemicalentities,andreagents.Attachmentorincorporationofaninteractivedomainintothepeptidebackbonegeneratesapeptide-basedreagent.Theinventionalsoprovidesmethodsforgeneratinglibrariesofpeptidesthatcanbeusedasinteractivedomains
US2004171062MethodsforthedesignofmolecularscaffoldsandligandsThepresentinventionprovidesmethodsofdesigningligandsthatspecificallybindtotargetmoleculesbytestingasetofdistinctcompoundstoidentifycompoundthatbindtomemberofamolecularfamilyofinterest.Thosecompoundsthatshow
bindingactivitycanbeusedasastartingpointforliganddesign..............Co-crystalsoftheproteinandthemolecularscaffoldscanbeformedandanalyzedbyX-raycrystallographytodeterminetheorientationofthescaffoldcompoundsatthebindingsiteofthemolecule........
WO2009117510MULTI-WAVELENGTHANALYSESOFSOL-PARTICLESPECIFICBINDINGASSAYSThepresentinventiondisclosesmethodsfordetectingthepresenceofacomplexbetweenafirstreagentandasecondreagentinsolution.Inparticular,theinventionprovidesmethodsforqualitativeorquantitativedetectionofananalyte
oritsspecificbindingpartnerincomplexbiologicalsamples.Theinventionfurtherdisclosesalgorithmsusingsummaryratechangesatselectedwavelengthsintheabsorbancespectraofcolloidalmetal-labeledanalytesorspecificbindingpartnerstoidentifyintermolecularinteractionsbetweentheanalyteanditsbindingpartner
H01L Semiconductor devices (Mostcited)Thisisafieldinwhichthenumberofpatentsthatarecitedisthehighest.Almosteverypatentinthisfieldhasbeencitedatleastintenpatentswheretheusualnumbersarefrom0toaround3or4citations.However,thepatentqualityhasdecayedabruptlyafter2003.Themostprolificandsuccesfuloftheinventorsbeing
AngelaBelcher(MIT,departmentofBiologicalEngineering)US2002177143Non-alloyingcoreshellnanoparticlesThepresentinventionrelatescompositecore/shellnanoparticlesandatwo-stepmethodfortheirpreparation.Thepresentinventionfurtherrelatestobiomolecule-core/shellnanoparticleconjugatesandmethodsfortheirpreparation.Theinventionalsorelatestomethodsofdetectionofbiomoleculescomprisingthebiomoleculeorspecificbindingsubstance-core/shellnanoparticleconjugatesWO03029431Nanoscalingorderingofhybridmaterialsusinggeneticallyengineeredmesoscalevirus
Thepresentinventionincludesmethodsforproducingnanocrystalsofsemiconductormaterialthathavespecificcrystallographicfeaturessuchasphaseandalignmentbyusingaself-assemblingbiologicalmoleculethathasbeenmodifiedtopossessanaminoacidoligomerthatiscapableofspecificbindingtosemi-conductormaterial.
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US2003068900Biologicalcontrolofnanoparticlenucleation,shapeandcrystalphaseThepresentinventionincludescompositionsandmethodsforselectivebindingofaminoacidoligomerstosemiconductormaterials...........
US2003178641Microfluidicplatformsforusewithspecificbindingassays,specificbindingassays
thatemploymicrofluidics,andmethodsAmicrofluidicplatformforusewithaspecificbindingassayapparatusincludesanelongate,nonlinearchannelthroughwhichasampleorsamplesolutionmayflowtobebroughtintocontactwithcapturemoleculesimmobilizedrelativetoanumberofsensingzonesonareactionsurfaceofthespecificbindingassayapparatus....
WO2004093207Mixturesofmatrixmaterialsandorganicsemiconductorscapableofemission,useofthesameandelectroniccomponentscontainingsaidmixturesTheinventionrelatestonovelmixturesconsistingofatleasttwosubstances,onesubstancebeingusedasamatrixmaterialandtheotherasamaterialwhichiscapableofemissionandcontainsatleastoneelementhavinganatomicnumberlargerthan20.Theinventionalsorelatestotheuseofsaidmixturesinorganicelectroniccomponentssuchaselectroluminescenceelementsanddisplays
G01R Measuring electrical or magnetic variables (Mostrelevant)
WO0157506HighEfiicienfymagneticsensorformagneticparticlesAmagneticsensingelementdetectsthepresenceofmagneticparticlesinabinding
assay.Themagneticsensingelementhasatleastoneplanarlayerofelectricallyconductiveferromagneticmaterialthathasaninitialstateinwhichthematerialhasacircularmagneticmomentwithin theplaneofthe layer.Themagneticsensingelementhasmoleculesofafirstspecificbindingmemberattachedtoit.Thedevicealsoincludesafluidtestmediumtowhichthemagneticsensingelementisexposedduringthecourseofabindingassay.....
US2004014106ElectricaldetectionofDNAhybridizationandspecificbindingevents
Amethodfordetectingatargetanalytehavingafirstbindingsiteandasecondbindingsite.Asubstrateisprovidedhavingatleastafirstandasecondpatternedconductor,thefirstconductorbeingseparatedfromthesecondconductor....
WO2008001266MicroelectronicdevicewithmagneticmanipulatorTheinventionrelatestoamicroelectronicdevice,particularlytoamagneticbiosensor(10)whichcomprisesamagneticfieldgenerator,e.g.abondingwire(16),extendinginasamplechamber(5)adistance(d)awayfromareactionsurface(14)ofasubstrate(15)..........