patents of natureicsat2013.com/downloads/praesetations_icsat/icsat2013_bionik_t… · thomas...

| Thomas Brodbeck | 25.9. 2013

Patents of NatureThomas Brodbeck, Biologist, Media Producer, Executive Coach, Dozent

1

Montag, 14. Oktober 13

Thomas Brodbeck 25.Sept. 20132



FESTO



1. Lotus



Superhydrophob, α > 160° Hydrophob, α > 90° Hydrophil, α > 90°



2. Shark Scales



3 Diatoms as a model for sturdy rims



Dr. Christian HammAlfred-Wegener-Institut



4. Mussle glue as an ideal adhesive



MUSSEL-INSPIRED 'GLUE' FOR SURGICAL REPAIR AND CANCER DRUG DELIVERYMimic of key mussel adhesive protein is harnessed for biomedical applications

text size AAAFebruary 18, 2013 | by Megan Fellman

EVANSTON, Ill. --- When it comes to sticking power under wet conditions, marine mussels are hard to beat.

They can adhere to virtually all inorganic and organic surfaces, sustaining their tenacious bonds in

saltwater, including turbulent tidal environments.

Northwestern University’s Phillip B. Messersmith will discuss his research in a talk titled “Mussel-Inspired

Materials for Surgical Repair and Drug Delivery” at the American Association for the Advancement of

Science (AAAS) annual meeting in Boston. His presentation is part of the symposium “Translation of Mussel

Adhesion to Beneficial New Concepts and Materials” to be held from 8:30 to 11:30 a.m. Saturday, Feb. 16.

- See more at: http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2013/02/mussel-inspired-glue-for-

surgical-repair-and-cancer-drug-delivery.html#sthash.5lDDcIan.dpuf


http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2013/02/mussel-inspired-glue-for-surgical-repair-and-cancer-drug-delivery.html

http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2013/02/mussel-inspired-glue-for-surgical-repair-and-cancer-drug-delivery.html

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.mccormick.northwestern.edu/directory/profiles/Phillip-B-Messersmith.html

http://www.mccormick.northwestern.edu/directory/profiles/Phillip-B-Messersmith.html


23.09.13 [Scientists Create Glue Inspired by Mussels] - [VOA - Voice of America English News] - VOA News

www.voanews.com/articleprintview/169630.html 1/1

February 17, 2011

Scientists Create Glue Inspired by Musselsby Rosanne Skirble

Sticky, self-healing properties could have far-reachingmedical and industrial applicationsHave you ever wondered how those hard-shelled mollusks known as mussels anchor themselves to rocks on

lake and river bottoms? How they stick to sea walls, or resist pounding waves?

Scientists at the University of Chicago have done more than come up with some answers. They’ve actually

created a synthetic gel that mimics the mussel’s sticky, self-healing properties. Their invention could have far-

reaching medical and industrial applications.

Niels Holten-Anderson - a post-doctoral scholar at the University of Chicago - says mussels do two things really

well. They excrete a sticky adhesive and they can use that natural glue to repair the anchoring bond.

"And the important thing to remember is that there are no cells. There is no live or living activity taking place

inside these materials. The material is basically a dead material, just like our hair," says Holten-Anderson. "So

this capacity to re-heal itself is completely automatic, and it’s not relying on any energy input from living cells."

Holten-Anderson, his University of Chicago colleagues and a team of international scientists worked on how to

turn what mussels create naturally into a synthetic material. They zeroed in on the chemistry of what the

mollusks secrete and discovered metal mixed inside their thin, hold-fast fibers. Holten-Anderson says iron is a

key ingredient that makes the adhesive strong and flexible.

"The unique thing is that you can pull them apart and if you leave them be, they can find their partners again and

re-heal, and that’s where the original strength of the healing comes from."

Holten-Anderson and colleagues set out to replicate that in the laboratory using a synthetic polymer or a

simplified version of a string of mussel protein molecules. They succeeded when they pre-mixed the polymer

with metal salts at low pH.

"You instantly get an initiation of these self-healing gel-like, sticky materials as soon as you do this basically

step-wise process of mixing things," he says, "and then increase the pH potentially mimicking what happens in

the natural case anyway."

Iron is the metal available to mussels in the environment. Holten-Anderson says scientists can expand that

pallet and experiment with other metals.

"We’ve shown so far that a metal such as titanium, for example, which is interesting from the bio-medical side of

things with implants materials and so forth, that we can actually use titanium atoms too to cross in these

materials and those materials seem to have even stronger, even higher strength than the iron based materials."

Holten-Anderson expects the nature-inspired material will have practical medical and industrial uses. A patent is

pending on how to make the gel, which is described online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of

Sciences.

http://www.voanews.com/content/scientists-create-glue-inspired-by-mussels--/169630.html



5. The atomic adhesion of geckos



5 The atomic adhesion of geckos



6. Friction and abration of the Sandfish

• Scientific name: Scincus scincus (spices of skink)

• Habitat: Northern Africa, east into Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Iran (mostly in deserts)

• Size: usually about 20 centimeters long

• Colour: yellow-caramel with brown-black cross bands

Description and classification

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scincus_scincus



Functionality of the skin referring to friction

How to measure friction on a Sandfish skin compared to other materials?

•Sand from a canula ripples on the test surface

•Slowly reducing the angle θ of the surface until the sand stops streaming down

•The tangent of this angle is the coefficient of sliding friction



The following results where made:

•The average value for Sandfish skin is at about 21°

•Buffed steal has 20% more friction than the skink’s skin

Functionality of the skin referring to friction



To measure the abrasion of different surfaces a special device was built:

•Sand is filled into a hopper•In a height of 30cm above the tested surface•A constant stream of sand hits the surface for 10 hours

Functionality of the skin referring to abrasion

Stream of sand

Hopper filled with sand



Result after 10 hours:

•Sandfish skin did not show any signs of abrasion:(Needle shows the point where the stream hit the skin)

•Steal (a) and glass (b) showed clear signs of abrasion:

Functionality of the skin referring to abrasion



Reasons for this behaviour can be found on every single scale:

•Small spikes cover the surface of a scale•Alignment across the grain of the sand•Distance between two close-by spikes: 400nm

Patents by Sandfish

Source of picture: “Der Sandfisch der Sahara – Vorbild für Reibungs- und V erschleißminderung” by Ingo Rechenberg and Abdullah Regabi El Khyari



Now taking the size of a grain of sand into consideration:

•The average external diameter of a grain of sand is 250µm•A single grain of sand would touch 20.000 spikes at once

This reduces the area of contact by 1 : 20.000

Reasons for the observed circumstances

• Unevenness of a grain leads up to an effective area of contact of 1 : 2.000.000



The most important application might be a foil to cover solar panels.

•Bigger areas covered with solar panels will be in or close by deserts– Sand settles on these panels over time– Reduces their efficiency– Abrasion appears on the panels because auf sand storms

•Friction-reducing foil would reduce both effects

•Some more examples of technical applications:

•Abrasion-proof touch-screens•Abrasion-proof plastic bottles•Abrasion-proof paint (cars, ships, …)•Friction-reduced mechanical seals•Friction-reduced cylinders (engines)•Friction-reduced pipelines

Fields of application

Source: http://www.reallynatural.com/pictures/brightsource-thermal-solar.jpg



7. Nacre as an ideal composite material



Aragonit and Chitin like a Brickwall or Composites and mortar structur


http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/mensch/grossbild-346959-449327.html



http://www.mpg.de/665096/zoom.jpeg




New composite materialAlmost better than mother-of-pearl

Strong, tough but light is the rare but desired combination of properties for numerous artificial materials. Now a new material is similar to natural mother-of-pearl, but twice as strong.



8. Spider silk as high-tech material



Compare with other devices

Material Zugfestigkeit(GPa)

Bruchdehnung (%)

Belastbarkeit (MJ/m3)

Drag line 10 30 160spider-web thread

0.5 270 150

Silkworm thread

0.6 18 70

Rubber 0.05 850 100Nylon1 0.95 18 80Steel 2 2 26 ?Kevlar1 3.60 2.7 50

1 Quelle: http://daten.didaktikchemie.uni-bayreuth.de/umat/proteine_spinne/spinnenseide.htm

2 Quelle: http://www.swiss-composite.ch/pdf/i-Werkstoffdaten.pdf

tensil strength elongation propert. max. load



9. Lignin as an alternative to plastics

Cellulose fibers:

› Tearproof › Give tensile strength

Lignin:

› Keeps fibers together› Gives compression

strength



ARBOFORM - “Liquid Wood”

New bionic material

Competitor of plastics

On the basis of 100% natural ingredients



Finishing ARBOFORM can be

handled like classic plastics:

› Injection molding› Deep drawing› Extruding› Compression

molding



Properties The combination of natural fibers and Lignin

makes ARBOFORM very strong

The wooden expansion coefficient causes ARBOFORM excellent lamination properties

Polypropylene ARBOFORM Wood (beech)

E modulus [N/mm²] 600-1700 2000-6000 1500

Expansion coefficient [1/K]

100-200*10^(-6)

18-50*10^(-6) 45*10^(-6)



Car dashboard inlays



10. Self-sharpening knives following the basic patent of beaver teeth

• Bionicproject Fraunhofer Institut, Marcus Rechenberger

• Patents of Nature

• Materials and technical adaption

• First technical system: cutting mill

• Cutting knive



cutting mill



• Cutting edges loose its sharpness and has to be sharpen

• new adjustment of the tool higher cost, loosing time

Rodent-Toothpermanent sharpness throughpermanent useage

Problem



Extrem hard enamel

Soft Dentine



Enamel Typ 1:

Hunter-Schreger-Ligaments



Flexural Strength

Cutting Material

Vickers-Hardness

ideal cutting-material



Rodent-Tooth Self-sharpening cutting knives

Rodent Tooth Bionic Knive



conventional cutting-mill bionic cutting-mill

30 Times longer sharp!



25.09.13 How plants use quantum physics to boost photosynthesis - NBC News.com

www.nbcnews.com/science/how-plants-use-quantum-physics-boost-photosynthesis-6C10477922 1/3

search topics

US World Politics Business Tech Science Health Investigations Entertainment Sports Travel Nightly News Meet the Press Dateline TODAY msnbc

TOPICS Space Environment Innovation Weird science

WEIRD SCIENCE

How plants usequantum physics toboost photosynthesis

SPACE-TOURISM

Bezos in space? 'Idefinitely want to go,'says billionaire

COMETS

NASA to keepprotective eye onMars spacecraft ascomets buzz by

EARTHQUAKE

Pakistan earthquakecreates new island,'mud volcano' toblame

AQUARIUS

Age of Aquarius: Seethe famedconstellation in nightsky this week

Katia Moskvitch, LiveScience,

How plants use quantum physics to

boost photosynthesis

June 27, 2013 at 9:45 PM ET

Humans can't teleport or

reside in multiple places at

once — but the tiniest

particles of matter can.

These eerie quantum

effects have traditionally

been studied and observed

only under the strictly

controlled conditions of a

physics lab. That is, until

some scientists suggested

that such weirdness also

exists in wet and soggy

biological systems.

In recent years, this hypothesis has gained more and more support:

A research paper published in the June 21 issue of the journal

Science suggests that plants may rely on such physics to survive.

[The 9 Biggest Unsolved Mysteries in Physics]

The most efficient path

Plants are able to harvest as much as 95 percent of the sunlight they

soak up, instantly converting this solar energy into chemical energy,

in 1 millionth of a billionth of a second, in a process called

photosynthesis.

The new Science study on purple bacteria, which also

photosynthesize, gives more support to the idea that plants use

quantum mechanics to achieve this near-perfect efficiency. A trick of

quantum physics called coherence, the researchers suggest, helps

the energy of the elementary particles of light, called photons, find

the most efficient path to a plant's (or purple bacterium's) so-called

reaction center, where the light's energy fuels the reaction that

produces carbohydrates.

On a physical system, coherence could be illustrated with a pair of

pendulums that continuously transfer energy from one to the other,

backward and forward, in a coherent, cyclic mode.

When a photon excites molecules inside a cell, the energy does not

hop through the system, but follows different energy pathways at

once, simultaneously searching for the most efficient way into the

reaction center where the chemical reaction actually takes place.

This is known as the quantum principle of superposition, or being

in many different places at the same time.

Quantum effects in nature

Coherence has been suspected and experimented with in living

ICFO

This molecular diagram shows how "antenna proteins"capture photons from the sun. Researchers say theproteins use a quantum transport mechanism to guidethe photons and store the energy in their reactioncenters.

SCIENCE



23.09.13 BIOKON - Bionics Competence Network

www.biokon.de/index.shtml.en 1/2

Home BIOKON Bionics Industry Education News Home Sitemap Legal Notice Contact

Suche im biokon.net:Bionik

Bionics/BiomimeticsThe word bionics ismade up of the termsbiology and technics,which meansengineering in thiscontext. The approachof combining biologyand engineering isoften also calledbiomimetics inEnglish. As ascientific discipline,bionics aims atanalyzing biologicalsystems andtransferring theunderlying principlesinto technicalimplementations.

Read onBIOKONThe BionicsCompetence NetworkBIOKON is anassociation of themost importantresearch groups in thefield of bionics inGermany.

Read onBIOKON e. V.The registered societyBIOKON e.V. is theorganisational bodywhich coordinates allactivities of theBionics CompetenceNetwork.

Read onMovies in GermanInfotrailer Bionik Windows-Media (HQ) Windows-Media (LQ)The hiddenarchetypes of nature Gesamtfilm DerSandfisch Trockenunter Wasser Selbstschärfende MesserInterviewKunststoffe.tv withRainer Erb (BIOKONe.V.) and JürgenBertling (FhGUMSICHT) Bionikund KunststoffeBIOKON supported:

BIOKON is memberof:

BIOKON cooperatewith:

BIOKON - Competence in biomimetics

Bionics Are you looking for competent information on bionics?

• Definition • Examples• Literature (approx.100books) • Research

Industry Is it worthwhile for your company to develop bionic products?

• Products • Competences (approx.500catchwords)

• Projects • Solutions - ExamplesEducation Would you like to study or teach bionics?

• Universities • Exibitions and Shows

• Schools • FAQ and Jobs (approx.30 offers)Members Are you looking for a particular person or member of BIOKON?

• People • Advisory board

• Centers • SitemapThe nationwide Bionics Competence Network (BIOKON) is the ideal forum for anyoneinterested from business and industry, the field of education, or the media to find asuitable contact from the various bionic disciplines.Contact

Dr. R. Erb, J. Rudolph, Dr. R. Bannasch coordination bureau Forschungsgemeinschaft Bionik-Kompetenznetz e.V. BIOKON e.V.

Ackerstraße 76D-13355 Berlin, Germanyphone: +49- 30- 46 06 84 84email:kontakt(at)biokon(dot)de

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ResearchWie ein Haifisch imWasser Ein perfekterNässeschutz Wernicht sehen will, mussfühlen

Read onEventsvom 20.09. bis 23.09.2012BIT Congress Inc.-2nd Annual WorldCongress of MarineBiotechnology(WCMB-2012) vom16.06. bis 20.06.2013Fourth InternationalConference on SelfHealing Materials(ICSHM2013) 13.08. -16.08.2013 4thInternationalConference of BionicEngineering (ICBE2013) 13th to 16thAugust 2013 4thInternationalConference of BionicEngineering (ICBE2013) vom 03.09. bis05.09.2013 9. ThüringerGrenz- undOberflächentage,ThGOT 14 - 15September 2013 AnnualInt. Conf. onBiologically InspiredCognitiveArchitectures 2013(BICA 2013) vom 25.09. bis 27. 09. 2013 DGMIntelligent MaterialsConference 18 - 21March 2014 2ndInternational Schooland Conference onBio-inspired Materials

Read onPress reviewEntwickeln im Sinneder Natur: Chancendurch BioNik Mit derParadiesvogelblumezum ArchitekturpreisTrendthema Bionikauf der MedtecEurope 2013 EineHaihaut für dieFrachter

Read onTV-TippsFaszination Wissen:Bionik - ist die Naturder bessereBaumeister? Arte:Natürlich genialPlanet Wissen:NaturpatentWhat's onStandardization ofbionic strategies atISO (pdf)



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